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IIT Kanpur, 2012‐13 (1st Semester)
Dr. Prishati Raychowdhury
Lecture ‐ 1
Office: FB 336, Tel: #6692,
Email: prishati@iitk.ac.in
Joined IITK in September, 2009
p , 9
Ph.D. – University of California, San Diego (2008)
M.Tech. – IITK (2003)
B.E. – Bengal Engineering and Science University (1999)
Industrial Experience ‐
p
2008‐09 in California (Earth Mechanics, Inc.)
2000‐01 in Kolkata (Kerr and Associates)
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• Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering
G t h i l E th k E i i
• Seismic soil‐structure interaction
• Earthquake‐induced ground failure: liquefaction and
lateral spreading
• Uncertainty and risk assessment in geotechnical
engineering
POST‐GRADUATE LEVEL
CE 601: Statistical Methods for Civil Engineers
l h d f l
CE 602N: Advanced Mathematics for Civil Engineers
CE 635: Foundation Dynamics
CE 636: Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering
UNDER‐GRADUATE LEVEL
CE 331: Soil Mechanics
CE332: Geotechnical Engineering
TA101: Engineering Graphics (T)
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Part‐1: (10 lectures)
Introduction: Geotechnical issues in Civil Engineering, soil formation and soil types
Soil Composition and Classification: Solid‐water‐air relationship, index properties of
Solid‐water‐air relationship index properties of
soil, soil classification.
Permeability and Seepage: Darcy's law, hydraulic conductivity, lab tests for
permeability, in‐situ test for permeability, seepage, flow nets, seepage through for
geotechnical structures, effective stress concept, capillary rise, piping, quicksand
condition.
Part‐2: (10 lectures)
Soil Compaction: Standard compaction tests, field compaction, determination of
p p , p ,
field density
Compressibility of Soil: Compressibility and settlement of soil, coefficient of
consolidation, consolidation settlement under a foundation, immediate settlement.
Mid Semester Exam..
6
3
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Part‐3: (9 lectures)
Shear Strength of Soil: Stresses on soil elements, Mohr's circle, principal stresses,
stress path direct and triaxial shear tests, Mohr‐Coulomb Failure criterion, drained
stress path, direct and triaxial shear tests Mohr‐Coulomb Failure criterion drained
and unconfined compression test, unconsolidated undrained test, unconsolidated
and consolidated drained tests, stress‐strain relationships and strength of loose and
dense sands, NC and OC clays, dilation, pore pressures, liquefaction phenomenon.
Part‐4: (10 lectures)
Slope Stability: Limit equilibrium methods, ordinary methods of slices and simplified
Bishop method, factors of safety.
Introduction to Geosynthetics: Classification, functions, properties ‐
y , ,p p physical,
p y ,
mechanical, hydraulic, environmental, etc.
End Semester Exam..
7
Homework: 5
5%
Class Attendance: 5%
Quizzes: 10%
Mid Term Exams: 25%
Final Exam: 35%
Laboratory: 20% (10% lab report
+5% lab quiz
+5% lab attendance)
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L b ill f th August, Tuesday.
Laboratory will start from 7 A T d
First 55 students (roll number wise) should
report on 7th August, Tuesday and rest of you
should report on 9
p th August, Thursday in the
g y
GTE laboratory
Why learn Soil Mechanics?
• Nearly every civil engineering structures‐ buildings,
bridges, towers, canals, dams and so on must be
founded in or on the surface of the earth; and each
structure must have a proper foundation to support
it.
• Geotechnical components
▪ shallow footings
g
▪ Deep foundations
▪ Retaining walls
▪ Dams
▪ Earth embankments and so on.
10
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Shallow Foundations
firm
ground
bed rock
11
Deep Foundations
p
weak
soil
bed rock
12
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g
Retaining walls
13
Sheet Piles
(Boulanger and Duncan, 2003)
14
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Dams
15
Ground Improvements
p
16
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999 y q
1999 Turkey Earthquake
Structural Issues Geotechnical Issues
Photo: USGS
1964 Niigata Earthquake: Bearing Failure
Photo: USGS
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1964 Niigata Earthquake: Lateral Spreading
Photo: USGS
Definition of soil (for Civil Engineers)
( g )
Soil is any uncemented or weekly cemented
accumulation of mineral particles formed by the
weathering of rocks, the void space between the
particles containing water and/or air.
‐ Craig, R. F. (2005)
g, ( 5)
20
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Mineral Matter
Air
Water
Organic Matter
Weathering
Rock cycle 22
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Origin of Soil
• Residual soil - “what is left” - weathering of bedrock
• Transported soil - soil from “elsewhere”
– flood plain deposits (soils) from rivers.
– wind-transported deposits
• Soil composition
– parent rock is deciding factor
– chemical
h i l weathering
th i th throughh titime d
determines
t i composition
iti
• Soil thickness
– time increases soil thickness
– wet climate increases soil thickness
– low slopes also increase thickness
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SAND
SILT CLAY
25
Soil Particles in Electron Microscope
13