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g Proj: Admin
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Tel:d Date: 24/08/17
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Column section

Calculations for timber columns in accordance with BS5268:Pt 2:1996 and the Timber Designers Manual by Baird and
Ozelton

Column shaft - 63 wide x 145 deep

Timber type - Machined On Four Sides Softwood as Table NA.4 of BS EN 336

Height of column shafts = 6000 mm

Column formed from 2 shafts spaced at a = 200mm

Strength class from Table 7 (service classes 1 & 2) - C22

Service class - 2 (Covered and heated or unheated)

Design axial compression = 10 kN

Design moment about x-x axis = 1.5 kNm
about y-y axis = 0.5 kNm

Grade stresses - from Table 7

Bending parallel to grain = 6.8 N/mm2

Compression parallel to grain = 7.5 N/mm2
Minimum modulus of elasticity = 6500 N/mm2

Modification factors

For service class 2

- bending K =1
2M
- compression K =1
2C
For load duration - medium K = 1.25
3
For depth between 72 and 300mm K = (300/h)0.11
7
= (300/145)0.11
= 1.08
For non-load sharing system K =1
8
Determine modification factor K from the column slenderness for each axis, where:
12

The effective length of the column for the x-x axis is

L = H *F
ex o lex
= 6000*1
= 6000 mm
and the effective length of the column for the y-y axis is
L = H *F
ey o ley
 = 6000*1
= 6000 mm

The slenderness ratios are based on the derived radii of gyration

for the compound section where
i = 41.9 mm
xx
and i = 101.6 mm
yy

Hence, the slenderness ratio for the x-x axis is

 = L /i
x ex xx
= 6000/41.9
= 143.2
and for the y-y axis is
 = L /i
y ey yy
= 6000/101.6
= 59.1

and from Table 19 for compression members

- x-x axis K = 0.187
12x
- y-y axis K = 0.635
12y

Packs for spaced columns

A spaced column is being employed and will require end and intermediate packs in accordance with clauses 2.11.9.1 and
2.11.9.2. Shear connectors will be used to transfer the shear forces derived.

End packs - should be of such length to transfer the shear force in accordance with clause 2.11.9.1.1, modified to account for
the forces induced by the applied moments. The pack length should not be less than 380 mm.

Intermediate packs - should be at least 230mm long and transfer a shear force of not less than 50% of that determined for end
packs above. Intermediate packs are required at 703 mm centres

Determine Axial Stresses - including for bending about y-y axis

The moment about the y-y axis will induce additional axial load in the shafts of the column. The maximum additional load is in
the extreme shafts and has a value of 2.5 kN. Hence, the maximum axial load in any single shaft is
N' = N/N +N
s my
= 10/2+2.5
= 7.50 kN

The lowest permissible stress is calculated in accordance with clause 2.11.10, for the following cases

(a) Solid column bending about x-x axis

With a slenderness ratio of

 = 143.2
for compression members K = 0.187
12

giving the allowable compressive stress as

 = *K2*K *K *K
cpaall cpa 3 8 12
= 7.5*1*1.25*1*0.187
= 1.75 N/mm2

(b) Single shaft with effective length equal to the spacing of the
packing pieces

The effective length of the single shaft, pack = 703 mm and the minimum radius of gyration for the single shaft is
cc
 = 18.2 mm
yy
giving the slenderness ratio of the single shaft as
 = pack /
yy cc yy
= 703/18.2
 = 38.6
for compression members K = 0.79
12

giving the allowable compressive stress as

 = *K *K *K *K
cpaall cpa 2C 3 8 12
= 7.5*1*1.25*1*0.792
= 7.43 N/mm2

(c) Compound column bending about the y-y axis, with the effective
length modified by factor K13

for compression members K = 2.235

13
giving the modified slenderness ratio
 =  *K
yy y 13
= 59.1*2.235
= 132.1
and K = 0.217
12

and the allowable compressive stress as

 = *K *K *K *K
cpaall cpa 2C 3 8 12
= 7.5*1*1.25*1*0.217
= 2.03 N/mm2

Case (a) provides the minimum allowable stress of 1.75 N/mm^2.

The maximum applied compressive stress is

 = N'*103/A
cpaapp
= 7.5*103/9140
= 0.82 N/mm2

Determine Bending Stresses - x-x axis only

The allowable bending stress is

 =  *K *K *K *K
bpall bp 2M 3 7 8
= 6.8*1*1.25*1.08*1
= 9.18 N/mm2

The applied bending stress about the x-x axis is

 = M *106/(N *Z )
bpappx xx s xx
= 1.5*106/(2*221000)
= 3.39 N/mm2

Combining Axial and Bending Stresses

Using the interaction formula described in clause 2.11.6, with the

Euler critical stress
 = (2*E)/ 2
e max
= ((3.142)2*6500)/(143.2)2
= 3.13 N/mm2

and the Euler coefficient

K = 1-(1.5* *K / )
e cpaapp 12 e
= 1-(1.5*0.82*0.187/3.13)
= 0.927

the combined effect of axial load and bending is

IFC = ( /( *K ))+( / )
bpappx bpall e cpaapp cpaall
= (3.39/(9.18*0.927))+(0.82/1.75)
= 0.87