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PLUTO Code
• PLUTO1,2 is a modular parallel code providing a multi-physics as well as a
multi-algorithm framework for solving the equations of gas and plasma
dynamics in astrophysics;
@t @x
@U Underlying Phylosophy
@U
✓ @t
a x
◆ 2@x
t @ U U
2 U
i
n+1 n
i 1
+a = 1 a + H.O.T. ✓ ◆
Adaptive
Ui ⌘ U (xHybrid
n
i
@t
, tn
) @xIntegration
2 x @U
@x+
2 @U
a =
a x
1 a
t
@t @x 2 x
• Suited for a system of conservation laws:
Adaptive Hybrid Integration
Adaptive Hybrid Integration
Z tn+1 ⇣ |rp| ⌘ |rp| 1
x
d
hU i + F F
>✏ x 1
dt = 0
and r·u >>0 ✏✏
|rp|
< xx
1
and
n
• Grid-based, finite-volume code
dt i 1
i+ 2 p 1
i 2 p p
t
hUii F̃⌘i+ 12 F̃i hUii F̃i+ 12 F̃i
t ⇣ n+ 12
1 1
2
2
n+1 n n+ 12 hUii F̃i+ 12
hU ii = hU ii F̃i+ 1 F̃i 1
x 2 2
1
1
• This will create, at the level where you unpack, the main directory PLUTO/
Directory Structure
PLUTO/
• Vortex merging leads to larger velocity shear and mixing of fluids from
the two different regions.
Preparing to Run PLUTO
• PLUTO should be compiled and executed in a separate working directory which
may be anywhere on your local hard drive
• To this end, we first need to set the environment variable PLUTO_DIR to point
to this directory. In a bash shell,
+M/2
y > 0
Ly
y < 0
-M/2
Lx
• For simplicity we choose a periodic boundary in the x-direction and
zero-gradient boundary conditions in the y-direction.
Specifying Initial Conditions:
• Initial condition must
be coded inside init.c
file using the Init()
function;
Output log
. . .
Physical units
Current time
. . .
Everything’s fine !
Visualization with IDL
• Set the IDL path to include PLUTO IDL script directory:
• Launch IDL, l
Load output data #25 in
vtk format
B
g
• Compile
• Run
• Jet
collimated outflow
emerging from the
innermost regions of an
accretion disk.
Accretion/Ejection systems
Star Formation Regions / Young
Stellar Objects (YSO)
HH212
vel ∼100–500 km/s; n∼103–104 cm-3; Size∼103–105 AU; T∼103–104 K; Age: 104–105 yrs
Thermal emission processes
Accretion/Ejection systems
Compact Objects (BH, NS)
3C31
Cyg X-1
X-Ray
Binaries
3C219
Micro
Active Galactic
Quasars
Nuclei (AGN)
M87
SS433
Ambient
medium
B
Jet inflow
r
Setting up the Problem: Initial Conditions
• The Init() function is now used
to setup the ambient
conditions only.
Setting up the Problem: Boundary Conditions
• Boundary conditions at the
lower z-boundary (X2_BEG)
are used to inject the
supersonic beam;
• Compile
• Run
• Visualize data.
THE END