Shell Projects & Technology

PETRONAS DEEPWATER
SUBSEA TIE-BACK
WORKSHOP

Session 2A

Piles for Deepwater Facilities

–Survey,y, Design
g and Installation

Ong Wah Chong

y 25th January
Tuesday, y 2011, 14.30 hrs – 15.00 hrs
Damai Puri Resort & Spa
1
 g
Agenda

Deepwater
p Foundations used Malaysia
y
Types of Deepwater Foundations
Types of Deepwater Foundation Accessories
Deepwater Offshore Platforms – what are they facing

Diary of a Driven/Suction Pile (Fabrication to Installation)

Pile Design
Geotechnical Soil Investigation
Q&A
Deepwater Foundations used in Malaysia
Types of Deepwater Foundations

Suction Anchor Piles

Driven Piles

Torpedo Piles SEPLA Anchors

Deepwater Foundation Accessories

Mudmats

Pile Guide Frame

ILT
What are the foundation facing ?

Seismicity

Continental Shelf

Continental Slope
What are the foundation facing ?
 Diary of a Driven Pile (Fabrication)

Note: Suction Anchor Pile fabrication same concept but at larger scale!
Diary of A Driven Pile (Loadout to Installation)

Prepare Resume !!! ☺

Diary of A Suction Pile (Loadout to Installation)

Pumpp out entrapped

pp
water by suction
 Pile Design
Pile Design Codes

API RP 2T (Tension Leg Platforms) , Shell DEP

API RP 2SK (Floating Structures) , Shell DEP

Pile Design (typical analysis)

Axial Capacity Analysis

Vertical & Horizontal loads
Beam-Column Analysis for pile wall stresses & lateral capacity
Pile Installation Analysis (Upending, Stability, Driveability etc)
Structural Analysis & FEM
 Pile Design
Selection
S l ti off S
Soilil parameters
t
Eg Driven Pile in Clay
• Submerged Unit Weight of Soil (kN/m3)
• Undisturbed Undrained Shear Strength g (kPa)
( )
• Remoulded Undrained Shear Strength (kPa)
• Soil sensitivity data
• 50% Strain factorЄ50 (%)
• Creep data to define loss of strength under sustained loads
• Cyclic degradation data to define loss of strength under cyclic loading
• Soil shear stress response to loads for pile-soil interaction analysis

Pile Installation Tolerances

E bli h D i L d C
Establish Design Load Cases & FOS
& FOS

Design for Pile Penetration

Pil design
a.Pile d i willill be
b based
b d on maximum
i l d imposed
loads i d by
b the
h various
i l di conditions
loading di i d i d by
as determined b mooringi
analysis. Limit equilibrium analysis and beam-column analysis to verify the integrity of pile and soil. Resulted in load
deflection response with consideration of non-linear behavior o of soil response lateral (p-y) and axial T-z. Pile group
effect Cyclic and Dynamic Pile response analysis.
effect. analysis Structural Design (fatigue).
(fatigue) Pile Installation Study

b.Reduction of axial capacity

– strain softening of soil
- effect of large deflections (gapping) - critical delfections
- Scour effects
- Soil disturbance during pile installation
-Soil set-up/Hydrate
 Geotechnical Investigation Survey

Importance of Geophysical/Geohazard Investigation

idea of geologic features, identify geohazards in the project site egshallow faults,
earthquakes, steep slopes and pockmarks
establish the uniformityy (or
( the lack thereof)) of soil formation

Geophysical investigation tools

have adapted to the new deepwater environment with the extensive use of ROVs
& now AUVs.

Requirements for site investigations should be guided primarily by the type of platform to be
installed, the availability and quality of data from prior site surveys, and the consequences that
would result from a partial or complete foundation failure.
Geotechnical Investigation Survey
Seabed Drilling vs Surface Drilling

Seabed Mode vs Downhole Mode

 Geotechnical Investigation Survey
Typical Hazards/Risks (Deepwater Site Investigation)

•Presence of Shallow Gas Hazard

•Effect of Hydrate Dissociation
•Excessive Seabed Slope for seabed mode
•Seabed Current
Sample Quality and Disturbance
•Sample
•Stress relief during recovery of the sample
-cause expansion and disturbance
•Slope instability
•Earthquake
•Loss of Position
•Incorrect Positioning !
•Features such as pockmarks, scars, sand waves
•etc
 Geotechnical Vessel & Equipment

-Drilling, Sampling and Coring Systems -In-Situ Testing Systems

File Titlee
 Geotechnical Vessel & Equipment

• Temperature
• Pore Water Sampling (PWS)
• Pore Pressure
• Electrical Conductivity (Resistivity)
• Piezocone Penetrometer Testing (PCPT)
• Thermal Conductivity
• Vane Shear
• Ball Penetrometer
File Titlee
 Geotechnical Vessel & Equipment

Water Depth and Penetration Capabilities of

-Drilling, Sampling and Coring Systems
-In-Situ Testing Systems

Equipment Description Maximum Water Depth (m)* Penetration (m)*

Drill mode borings from vessel Unlimited ** Unlimited **
Rock Corer (Seabed Unit) 200m 2m to 6m
& Coring Syst ems
pling

Gravity Corer
Gravity Corer Unlimited **
Unlimited  1m to 8m
1m to 8m
Drilling, Samp

Piston Corer Unlimited ** 3m to 30m

Box Corer Unlimited ** 0.3m to 0.5m
Seabed Push in Sampler 250m 1m to 2m
Grab Sampler (mechanical) Unlimited ** 0.1m to 0.5m
Wireline Pressure Coring Unlimited ** Unlimited **
Deck or frame‐operated Penetration Tests 20m 2m to 60m
In‐Sittu Testing 

Seabed wheeldrive Penetration Tests 500m to 3000m 2m to 60m

Drilling downhole mode Penetration Tests Unlimited ** Unlimited **
Systeems

ROV Penetration Tests

ROV Penetration Tests 300m to 2000m
300m to 2000m 1m to 2m
1m to 2m
Seabed Vane Test 250m to 2500m 5m to 25m
note:
General ‐ Ultra‐deep site investigation (>2000m water depth) in development (?)
* Figures should be used for genreal guidance only
File Titlee

** Water depth is limited by the deployment winch and handling capabilities
Q&A