RIZAL IN PENINSULAR SPAIN

 Rizal decided to leave the country not

just to complete his medical studies in
Europe.
 Hidden purposes for his voyage:
to make a name for himself in the realm of
journalism;
to observe and study European society ;
and to prepare himself for the task of
liberating the Filipinos from Spanish
tyranny.
 SECRET DEPARTURE
 May 1 1882-Rizal left Calamba and was able to reach
Manila after ten hours of journey via a carromata.
 No one among the family members of Rizal knew his
departure for Spain, except Paciano, Saturnina, his Tio
Antonio and a few friends .
 His brother Paciano did everything to ensure that Rizal
can leave the country secretly .He secured Rizal a
passport with the name Jose Mercado.
 Rizal stayed in Manila for 2 days before his trip
to Spain .
 Before leaving, he heard the mass at Santo
Domingo Church in the Walled City and then
proceeded to Pasig to board the
cruiser Salvadora, bound for Singapore.
 ITINERARY TO SPAIN
 He felt very sad leaving his country and family.
 To entertain himself ,Rizal made sketches of his fellow
passengers and things he saw along the way.
 Arrived at Singapore after 1week and stayed for 2days.

 Took time to visit its botanical garden, art galleries ,

parks, and some historical spots. He recorded in his
diary every detail of what he was able to observe.
19th Century Singapore
 Rizal boarded the ship Djemnah, which shall ferry him to
France. The ship stop over at Point Galle in Ceylon, Aden
and Port Said at Suez Canal.
 June 11,1882 the steamer reach Naples. Rizal was
impressed with Naples, an Italian city ,for its
panoramic beauty, and lively people.
 June 12,1882-from Naples, the steamer sailed to France.
 It dock at the Harbor of Marseilles. Rizal was impressed by
the courtesy of the customs police. He was likewise,
enchanted by its graceful and impressive buildings and the
courtesy and refined manners of the French men.
 Naples, Italy
 Marseilles
 Rizal took the train going to Barcelona.
 At first Rizal has a negative impression of the
city and its people .Later, he came to like
Barcelona duet o the prevalence of freedom and
liberalism in the city and the good qualities
demonstrated by its residents open heartedness ;
hospitality; and courage.
BARCELONA
RIZAL IN BARCELONA
 Rizal was welcome by the Filipinos in Barcelona,
most of who were his former classmates
at Ateneo Municipal. They had a welcome party
at favorite coffee house at Plaza De Cataluña. 
 Rizal had a walk around city to see the famous
historical spots of Barcelona.
 While in Barcelona, Rizal took time writing to his
family, relatives and friends in the Philippines.
 He did not forget one of his missions that
of making a name for himself in the field of
writing
 Paciano believed that Rizal would be able to
express his nationalistic and patriotic sentiment
which in effect can arouse the hostility and
suspicion of the Spanish Regime. Rizal will be
transformed into a patriot, a novelist and a
nationalist.
ELA AMOR PATRIO

 A nationalistic essay entitled meaning “Love of

Country”, his first article written in Spain
 Rizal wrote this essay when he was still
21yearsold, under the pseudonym Laonglaan
 ‡It came out on Aug. 20,1882 in the DiariongT agalog
in Manila, forthe first time he used the term Tierra
Extranjera (foreign Land)in referring to Spain.
ELA AMOR PATRIO

 After El Amor Patrio, Rizal stopped producing

nationalistic articles
 The opposition of his mother
 Difficulty of recognition in a foreign country
 Desire to finish his studies
 RIZAL MOVES TO MADRID
 September 1882 - Rizal decided to move to the capital city
of Spain to continue his studies .
 He enrolled in philosophy and letters and licentiate in
medicine at the Universidad Central de Madrid.
 He took lessons in painting and sculpture at
the Academia de San Fernando. Lessons in fencing,
at the schools of Sanzan Carbonell; and lessons in English,
French and German in Madrid Ateneo.
 He even contemplated taking the examination in Roman
law for possible enrollment in law
 June 5 to 26. He took the medical examination.
Fortunately, he passed the examination. At the
same time , he passed the examination in Greek,
Latin, and World history. Rizal was awarded the
degree of licentiate in medicine for passing
the medical examination for the course.
RIZAL AND THE FILIPINO
EXPATRIATES IN MADRID
 ‡Despite of Rizal’s
hectic schedule, he found time to
associate with Pedro Paterno,
Graciano Lopez Jaena, Gregorio
Sanciano, Juan Luna, Felix
Hidalgo, Marcelo del Pilar
and others.
 ‡Rizal, Jaena and Del Pilar
were closely associated and the
trio were called the Triumvirate
of the Propaganda Movement.
 Rizal felt the effect of hardships in Calamba. The
finances of Rizal’s family turned bad to worse.
 Crop failures
 Drought, locusts
 Hike in rentals on the hacienda lands
 As a result there were frequent delay in his
monthly stipend from the Philippines. There
were many occasions where he attended classes
on an empty stomach.
RIZAL’S AFFAIR WITH CONSUELO

 Don Pablo Ortega y Rey - the former city mayor of

Manila during the time of Governor Carlos de la Torre.
 Father of Pilar And Consuelo.

 Rizal was attracted to Consuelo due to her refined

manners and enchanting smile. He gave flowers
occasionally ,w/c Consuelo appreciated. Consuello fell
in love with him. However, Rizal suppressed his
emotions since he was still engaged with
Leonor Rivera. Besides, he did not want to destroy his
friendship with Eduardo de late, who was madly in
love with Consuelo.
 Before leaving Madrid he composed a poem
for Consuelo, w/c was entitled A la Seniorita C .O. y R.
 RIZAL’S TOAST TO LUNA AND
HIDALGO
 Juan Luna and Felix Hidalgo emerged winners in the
1884 Madrid Exposition. Luna was awarded a gold
medal for his painting ,the Spolarium; while Hidalgo a
silver medal for his entry, Christian Virgins Exposed
to the Populace. 
 A banquet was tendered in honor of these two Filipino
artist at the Café Ingles on June 25 ,1884,with Rizal
delivering the key note speech.
 The speech of salute Rizal delivered during the occasion
came to be called Brindis.
SPOLARIUM
CHRISTIAN VIRGINS EXPOSED TO THE
POPULACE.
DOÑA TEODORA’S REACTIONS
ON RIZAL’S SPEECH
 The delivery of Brindis reached the Philippines because of its
full coverage by the Madrid Press to the occasion.
 Nonetheless, Rizal was not cognizant of the consequence of
his speech.
 Rizal's mother became ill, as his son become the talk of the
town and the friars to Calamba.
 In her letter to Rizal she advise him to
 refrain from the articles that might offend friars and regime
 and that he should not fail in his duties as a Christian.
 not to continue pursuing further studies since she had that fear that it
could cause him death later 
RIZAL’S RESPONSE TO HIS MOTHER 
 ‡He will still have enemies, even if he puts an end to
writing articles considered anti-Spanish and anti-friars;
 ‡Life can’t be without any sorrow;
 ‡Misfortunes are welcomed when they can avert
debasement and degradation
 ‡ A son can pay honor to his parents thru honesty and
good name;
 ‡ Religion is the holiest of things but a person can only
believe by reasoning; and
 ‡Conscience can accept only what is compatible with
reason.