𝐷𝑚 = 𝐷 + 𝑡

𝐹𝑤 = 𝑃𝑤 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑓
𝑃𝐷
𝜎𝐿 =
4𝑡
𝑃𝐷
𝜎𝐻 =
2𝑡
𝑤𝑥 2
𝑀𝑥 =
2
𝑊𝑣
𝜎𝑤 =
𝜋(𝐷𝑖 + 𝑡)𝑡
𝐷𝑜 = 𝐷 + 2𝑒
𝜋
𝐼𝑣 = (𝐷 4 − 𝐷𝑖4 )
64 𝑜
𝑀 𝐷𝑖
𝜎𝑏 = ± ( + 𝑡)
𝐼𝑣 2
𝜎𝑧 = 𝜎𝐿 + 𝜎𝑤 ± 𝜎𝑏
𝜎𝑧 (𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑) = 𝜎𝐿 + 𝜎𝑤 + 𝜎𝑏
𝜎𝑧 (𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑) = 𝜎𝐿 + 𝜎𝑤 − 𝜎𝑏
𝑡
𝜎𝑐 = 2 × 104 ( )
𝐷𝑂

(𝐻 + ℎ𝑠 2
𝐵𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑘𝑖𝑟𝑡 = 𝐹𝑤 ( )
2
4𝑀𝑠
𝜎𝑏𝑠 =
𝜋(𝐷𝑠 + 𝑡𝑠 )𝑡𝑠 𝐷𝑠
𝑊
𝜎𝑤𝑠 =
𝜋(𝐷𝑠 + 𝑡𝑠 )𝐷𝑠
𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝜎̂𝑠 (𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑒) = 𝜎𝑏𝑠 + 𝜎𝑤𝑠
𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝜎̂𝑠 (𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑙𝑒) = 𝜎𝑏𝑠 − 𝜎𝑤𝑠
𝜎𝑠 (𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑙𝑒) ≯ 𝑓𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑠
𝑡𝑠
𝜎𝑠 (𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑒) ≯ 0.125𝐸 ( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑠
𝐷𝑠
𝐶𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡 = 𝐷𝑝𝑐 𝜋
𝐷𝑝𝑐 𝜋
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 =
600
1 4𝑀𝑠
𝐴𝑏 = ( − 𝑊)
𝑁𝑏 𝑓𝑏 𝐷𝑏
 4𝑀𝑠 𝑊
𝐹𝑏 = ( 2 + )
𝜋𝐷𝑠 𝜋𝐷𝑠
𝐹𝑏 1
𝐿𝑏 = × 3
𝑓𝑐 10
𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 = 𝐿𝑠 + 𝑡𝑠 + 50𝑚𝑚
𝐹𝑏
𝑓𝑐′ =
𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑

3𝑓𝑐′
𝑡𝑏 = 𝐿𝑟 √
𝑓𝑟

𝑑, 𝑜𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 = 293𝐺 0.53 𝜌−0.37