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BAJA SAE INDIA 2013 VIRTUAL ROUND TEAM VIJAYRATH �DRIVING WITH DREAMS� Indore
Institute of Science & Technology Indore, Madhya Pradesh
2. Front suspension Double wishbone Spring travel: 4� Arm length : 16�(Lower) , 14�
(Upper) Rear suspension Trailing arm Spring travel: 3.5� Arm length : 15� Weight:
370 kg (with riders & load) Wheel base : 51inch Track width: 55inch (front), 52
inches(rear) Ground clearance: 12 inch Centre of gravity: 19 inch from ground & 33
inch from front wheel Bounding box volume(L x B x H): 79inch x 61inch x 68.5 inch
Dimensions and weight Suspension Type of Engine :4 Stroke Petrol Maximum power:
10hp Compression Ratio :8:1 Swept Volume :305 cc Maximum Speed :3800rpm Torque :19
Nm Cooling :Forced Air Ignition System: Electrical Fuel Consumption: 12 km/l
Material specification Material for the roll cage of the vehicle : 1018 grade tube
of primary members of outer diameter 1 inch and wall thickness of 0.118 inch and
secondary members of outer diameter 1 inch and wall thickness of 0.0787 inch Brakes
Steering Central Rack and pinion Turning radius: 2.956m Maximum steer angle: 35
degree Tie Rod Length: 17 inch ire Dimension Rim Dimension Rear: 22X8-10 Rear: 10�
Front: 20X6-10 Front: 10� All Disc brake Disc Diameter: 177mm Disc Thickness : 4mm
Master Cylinder Piston Diameter : 19.05mm Caliper Piston Diameter : 25mm Braking
effort: 35kg Wheels and tires Battery 12Volts 9Amph Engine PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION Type : 4 speed constant mesh Gear Configuration:4+R Gear Ratio
Forward:31.45/ 18.7/ 11.4/ 7.35 Reverse: 55.08 Top speed : 50kmph Optimum Speed:
35-40kmph Transmission
3. All dimension in mm
4. MATERIAL SELECTION: ?Primary member: AISI 1018 with 1� outer diameter and 0.118�
wall thickness ?Secondary member: AISI 1018 with 1� outer diameter and 0.0787� wall
thickness ROLL CAGE DESIGN & ANALYSIS TARGET : Compact design, Minimum weight,
Driver safety, Proper space, Aesthetics, Maximum strength. JUSTIFICATION: Roll cage
mass: 50 kg, Head clearance: 7�, Side clearance:3.5�. Frontal impact Side impact
Rear impact Roll over static Velocity (Kmph) 45 35 35 _ _ Time of impact(s) 0.2 0.3
0.3 _ _ Force (N) 21875 11345 11345 12250 14000 g�s 6.25 3.24 3.24 3.5 4 Frontal
impact Side impact Rear impact Roll over Static Max. Equivalent Stress (MPa) 228.71
261.41 130.09 301.37 312.2 Max. Deformation(mm) 3.67 9.08 1.75 13 2.88 Factor of
Safety 1.62 1.415 2.84 1.23 1.18 CONDITION RESULTS
5. FEA OF ROLL CAGE Front Impact Stress Side Impact Stress Front Impact Deformation
Side Impact Deformation Roll over Stress Roll over Deformation
6. FEA OF ROLL CAGE Rear Impact Stress Front Torsion Stress Rear Impact Deformation
Front Torsion Deformation Static Stress Static Deformation
7. ERGONOMICS SEATING COMFORT : Semi Recumbent seat is used Use of polyurethane
foam for cushioning of seat Hip point is set as close to the center of gravity
DRIVER� COMFORT : Clutch is provided with gear shift lever Brake pedal force is low
SAFETY FEATURES : Head Clearance: 7� Side Clearance: 6� Back Clearance: 3� Front
Clearance: 4.5� Bottom Clearance: 6� SAFETY : Driver�s Jacket 5 Point Safety
Harness Neck Restraint (360o) Arm Restraint Motocross Type Helmet Rubber Padding On
roll cage Pipes 2 Fire Extinguishers
8. TARGET: Maximum wheel travel, To support roll cage while driving, To maintain
traction between wheel and road, To hold wheels in alignment. SUSPENSION Parameters
Load Load distribution Front 600.86N 35% Rear 1115.8N 65% DYNAMIC CONDITION STATIC
CONDITION Parameters Load Deflection Front 6125N 101.6mm Rear 4900N 88.9mm Dynamic
loading calculation Consider projectile motion of ATV V=50kmph=14m/s T=25� Vx=V cos
? Vy= V sin?-gT Where T is time of flight T= 2Vsin?/g V?= v(Vx)2+(Vy)2=14m/s Impact
acceleration During impact: Assuming front end of ATV comes to rest in 0.2s and
rear end in 0.25s Therefore Retarding acceleration(front): 0=V?-ax(0.2) a=70m/s2 &
rear a=56m/s2 Dynamic load on tire Dynamic load on front single tire: Load x a =
350x0.5x70/2=6125N Dynamic load on rear single tire: Load x a = 350x0.5x56/2=4900N
9. Parameters Symbols Front spring Rear Spring Spring index C 7 7 Wire diameter d
13 mm 11.55 mm Spring OD D 91 mm 80.89 mm Total No of actives turns �n� 7 8 Pitch P
29.23mm 24.20 mm Solid length Ls 117mm 115.57mm Free length Lf 233.84mm 217.80mm
Spring stiffness k 54.37 N/mm 42.565N/mm SUSPENSION SPRING RESULTS Deflection
d ??????= 8W�nD3/Gd4 Ls= n�d n�=n+2 Lf=Ls+d ??????+0.15d ?????? p= Lf/n�-1 k=W�/d
Front Motion ratio : 0.66 Wheel travel (front)= 152.4mm Deflection(d) front=
101.6mm Rear Motion ration : 0.7 Wheel travel (rear) = 127mm Deflection(d) rear=
88.9mmn W�(dynamic load � static load): For Front = 6125-600.86 =5524.14N For Rear
= 4900-1115.8 =3784.2N Material Properties Material Selected : ASTM A228 Ultimate
Tensile Strength : 1083 MPa Modulus of rigidity(G) : 79000MPa Permissible Shear
stress (t)=0.5x1586MPa = 793 N/m??2 Shear stress t=K[8W�D/p??3 ] Wahl�s factor K=
(4C-1/4C-4 )+ (0.615/C) Spring index C= D/d
10. STEERING JUSTIFICATION: Central rack and pinion Turning Radius : 2.956 m Steer
axis inclination (?) :12.33 degree Caster angle(?) :5 degree Static camber(??) :
+0.75degree Toe in of 3mm Steer angle: Inner (?) :38 degree Outer (f):32 degree Tie
rod length :17 inch Scrub radius (d): +16mm Ackerman geometry : sin(a+?) + sin(a-f)
= 1.135 2 sina = 1.5512 TARGET : To minimize turning radius, minimize steering
effort, maximize return ability and stability Camber angle equation ?=??+ ?+??????-
1 [(sin ?) x cos d] + ??????-1 [(sin?) x sin d] - 180� Returnability Mv = -(Fzl +
Fzr) (d sin d) sin ? + (Fzl - Fzr) (d cos d) sin? = 2.46Nm (when d is steered
negative ) & = -0.8827Nm (when d is steered positive )
11. TARGET :Minimum weight of brakes assembly, maximum braking torque, Minimum
stopping distance , minimum pedal force BRAKES CONSIDERED : Disc brakes of TVS
APACHE RTR 160 with floating calipers Rear Btr = Fr x � x R Fr = Wc Xcg /l -Wc �
Ycg/l Fr = 1326.26N Braking torque required Btr = 1326.26 x 0.7x 0.2794 = 259.38Nm
Front Btf = Ff x � x R Ff = Wc � Fr Ff = 2107.24N Braking torque required Btf =
2107.24 x 0.7 x 0.254 = 374.66N BRAKES STOPPING DISTANCE Speed 50 km/h = 13.88 m/s
Braking force at the periphery of the tire = Fb x Rdisc/Rtire = 7253.4 x
0.0825/0.2794 Ftire = 2141.75N Ftotal = 2141.75x4 = 8567N K.E.= � x m x ??2 K.E.=
35121.53Nm Stopping distance = K.E. / Ftotal 35121.53/8567 = 4.1m CALCULATION Wc=
350kgX9.81 = 3433.5N l = 51 inch Ycg = 19inch Xcg = 33 inch �= 0.7 Pedal force= 35
kg Dynamic load transfer : 895.41N Braking torque by Brakes Fictional braking Fb =
2 x � x Fn Fn= pressure x area = 9.42x106 x 962.5 x10-4 Fb = 2 x 0.4 x 9066.75 Ft =
Fb x r = 7253.4 x 0.0825 Ftorque = 598.4Nm Diagonal split circuit
12. TARGET : To acquire maximum acceleration, Easy gear shifting, Low cost , Direct
coupled with engine, Fuel economy , Maximum grade ability . TRANSMISSION CONSIDERED
: M&M ALPHA CHAMPION JUSTIFICATION : � Small tire size for maximum acceleration. �
Minimum losses as compared to CVT and chain drives. Max torque : 595.55Nm Max speed
: 51.6 km Gradeability : 30degree ENGINE & TRANSMISSION GEAR GEAR RATIOS SPEED
ACCELERATION First 31.45:1 6-10 kmph 5.62 m/??2 Second 18.7:1 11-19 kmph 3.25 m/??2
Third 11.4:1 18-30 kmph 1.88 m/??2 Fourth 7.35:1 32-52 kmph 1.09 m/??2 Reverse
55.08:1 3-10 kmph 9.99 m/??2 Wheel Selection Tire Selected: 22 inch(0.2794 m)
Justification of selection Torque(required at tire) = U x Rr x Radius Torque
(required at tire) = 1717 x 0.2794=479.72 Nm Torque of engine at engagement of 1st
Gear =18.6 Nm Maximum reduction required =Ttire/(Tengine*?) =479.72/(18.6 x
0.92)=28:1 This reduction will be achieved through Gear Box by engaging First Gear
with the reduction of 31.45:1 Min. Reduction Available: 7.35:1 Maximum speed@3600
RPM RPM at tire=3600/7.35=489.79 RPM Linear speed of vehicle=(489.79/60) x 2x ?? x
radius =14.330 m/s Or 51.6Kmph TRACTIVE CURVE
13. Vibrational energy converter works on �Faraday�s law of electromagnetic
induction�. In this system a band having a copper coil translates between two
magnets due to vibrations occurring in the band due to jerks and flow of air
velocity, this phenomenon generates EMF, which can be used as a source of energy.
This energy can be utilized in LED�s and mobile chargers in the vehicle. INNOVATON
GO GREEN As the sponge adsorb water similarly activated charcoal adsorbs CO2 and
does not allow it to escape. Alternatively NaOH and KOH can be used. GRADES : LR :
Low adsorption capacity AR: High adsorption capacity ADVANTAGE: � Eco friendly �
Easy to dispose � Can be regenerated � Economical compared to NaOH, KOH � Non
corrosive compared to NaOH, KOH (pH 6.5-7.5)
14. Centre lathe Milling Pipe bending Electric arc welding TIG machine Drilling
machine Bench grinder Shaper machine Power hack saw Portable drilling machine Angle
grinder No. Month Activity 1 August Decision of parts and components and sorting
out of purchase list final complete design modelling 2 August Creation of prototype
on full scale 3 August Analysis of prototype and making changes if necessary 4
August Gathering of raw materials and resources for Manufacturing 5 September
Purchase of all components needed (either sponsored or bought) 6 September
Fabrication stage 1 - roll cage construction 7 October Fabrication stage 2-
Suspension and drive train mounting 8 November Fabrication stage 3- Assembling of
forks, wheels and seats 9 November Fabrication process 4- Steering and braking
system installation 10 December Fabrication process 5- Installation of electric
components 11 December Final touch up 12 January Product completed Ready for the
competition These are the facilities which are provided by our institute for
manufacturing our vehicle. The workshop is well-equipped with the machines and
tools which are required to fabricate the vehicle. Faculty and the technicians of
our college are highly skilled and experienced, so that we�ll be guided by them
whenever needed. COLLEGE FACILITIES FABRICATION PLAN
15. PART COST Block Includes Total Price INR Engine Engine, silencer, accessories
etc. 28000 Transmission Gear box, mountings etc. 24995 Suspensions A-arms, struts,
springs etc. 16000 Brakes Calipers, pads, etc. 15800 Steering Rack and pinion
,casing ,tie rod etc. 5017 Drive Axels ,Knuckles ,hubs etc. 4872 Electricals Wiring
,lights, horns etc. 6550 Body Pipes, Welding etc. 12500 Tires and Rims Front and
rear tires 42000 Paint Color, putty etc. 850 Actuators Pedals, Levers etc. 1550
Safety Harness, Helmet etc. 22500 Miscellaneous Other expenditures 13500 Total
194134 COST The total cost of the car is listed below in the table. The cost
includes the manufacturing as well procurement prices.
16. Name of part Potential Cause of Failure mode Severity (S) Potential Effects of
F.M. Occurrence (O) Detection (D) RPN No. = S x O x D Roll cage Improper welding ,
Corrosion, weak joints, improper meshing 9 Roll cage breaks, 5 7 315 Engine &
Transmission Chocking of float valve, improper meshing of gear 5 Dynamics failure ,
Wear and tear, vehicle does not moves. 6 3 90 Brakes Accidental breakage of fluid
lines, Corrosion on fluid lines 10 Vehicle does not stops , This may damage other
vehicles as well as driver. 2 1 20 Steering Tie rod bends/break, Improper
alignment, excessive load on tie rod 5 Accident possibility ,nil maneuverability 5
2 50 Suspension Improper distribution of load, improper design 6 Suspension too
flexible/stiff and sagging of spring 4 8 192 DFMEA Name of part Corrective /
Preventive Method S O D R.P.N. No. Roll Cage Corrosion resisting painting, proper
welding at joints 9 3 7 189 Engine & Transmission Exact coupling , correct fuel air
mixture, proper meshing, Lubrication. 5 3 3 45 Brakes Installation of break lines
above the frame, Lubrication. 10 2 1 20 Steering Replacing tie-rod, checking elec.
Connections, Check gear meshing. 5 4 2 40 Suspension Uniform distribution of load,
redesign suspension 6 3 8 144 CONTROL PLAN