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Control Strategies
Why Control Strategies …? à Benefits of BMS
Type -1
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• Supervisory Control
• Static Pressure Set-point Reset
• AHU Supply Air set-point reset
• Ect..
Terms
• CAV – Constant Air Volume System- constant speed fan
• VAV – Variable Air Volume System
• PAU/FAU – Primary/Fresh Air Handling Unit – provides fresh air to
above systems , Constant Speed fan, no Control of Outdoor Air.
• FCU – Fan Coil Units
• AHU – Air Handling Unit
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HVACSystem…
• Chillers
• Chilled ( Primary , secondary) water Pumps/ Condenser water pumps
• Cooling Tower
• AHUs/ FCU/VAV/CAV
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Enthalpy Controlling
• If the enthalpy of Fresh lower than that of return Air, Fresh air can be directly
used maintain the Supply Air temperature.
• If Fresh Air Damper has reached to its maximum position , mechanical cooling
can be introduced.
• If fresh Air temp/enthalpy is higher than Return Air , damper should remain its
minimum position to introduce minimum fresh requirement, while mechanical
cooling works on return air + Fresh Air Mixture.
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Controlling……
• Supply air Static Pressure controller (PC-1) controls the Speed of the Motor (M-
1) to keep pressure @ set point
• Return air fan speed is regulated based on difference of flow or flow ration
• In Many cases return Air fan is used to keep space static pressure positive or
negative
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YCogTVa3XOw
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FCU Controlling
Thermostats
• Sensor & Controller combined
• Used for FCU controlling
• Comfort, Economy and Protection mode operation
• Coil Protection
• Very important items in the hotel Industry
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Types/Features
• Day/Night Function/ Night Setback- One set point day
time, lower set point night time ( to prevent too cold),
Automatic or Manual changeover
• Combination Heat / Cool thermostats
• Dead band Thermostat
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Topologies
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Chiller sequencing
Multiple Chillers , why – chillers can be fully loaded, life time is increased, easy
maintenance
Economical loading and unloading of chiller is called chiller sequencing ( high
overall COP)
Typical sequencing method
• Temperature Based – Monitor the return chilled water temperature
• Bypass flow based – Difference in Primary circuit & Secondary circuit
• Total Cooling Load based
Temperature Based -
• Return temp is measured
• Chillers with pumps operated - interlock
• Dead Band to prevent cycling
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Cooling tower
• Cooling tower Fan Speed control
• Modulating cooling tower fan speed
• Usually runs @ 100% speed
• Modulate the fan to meet condenser water set point
• Measuring Wet bulb temperature and chiller load
• Running at 24 C is more energy efficient ( usually 30 ~ 32 C)
• Low cooling tower supply water increase chiller efficiency , but more work on Cooling
tower fans
• Each 1K reduction in Cooling tower supply temperature can reduce 2.5% compressor
operating cost
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Monitoring Strategies
• Power Consumption Metering
• Water/ Gas consumption
• Strange operation – Jokey pumps
• Critical Area Temp/RH monitoring - Freezers
• Trend Log
• Operation report
• Maintenance Time Reminder ( MTR)
• Energy Management Reports
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Supervisory Controlling
• Independent from Local and system control
• It has the capability to override local programmed control when it is needed to
achieve the overall objectives
• Example – PID adjustment, Supply Air set point of AHU, emergency stop of
system under smoke condition
• Anticipate problem based on historical data
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BMS Design
Air Handling unit ( AHU) of a conference hall area should be controlled as per the
following strategies
• Motorized valve modulation as per the return air temperature ( Set-point 25 C –
adjustable)
• ON/OFF operation and Status monitoring by the BMS
• Auto/Manual Status Monitoring by the BMS
• Trip Alarm Status monitoring by the BMS
• RH level of Return Air and temperature of supply Air should also be monitored
• When the Air Filter is Clogged, an alarm must appear at the BMS
• Fresh Air supply to the Building must be regulated as per the prevailing CO2 level ( Set-
point 1000 ppm – adjustable)
• BTU Consumption by the AHU must also be monitored
• If the Duct Smoke Is Presented , FAN should go off, OA damper must be closed
Approach
• Draw the sketch
• Write all the control Strategies
Consultants
• Prepare point list
• Prepare the specifications for every item
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End
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