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8 December 2016
Using biological processes and selected plant and animal species for:
• producing biomass that can be utilized in agriculture as green fertilizer
• production of biomass for high value new products like fibers, proteins, fatty acids
• the recovery of macro- and micronutrients like phosphate and light rare earth metals that
are foreseen to be limited in the near future
• the utilization of organic matter from sewage sludge
Closing cycles according to the Biobased Economy Agenda preferably on the
regional scale
Waste water treatment: combined approaches for biomass
production, nutrient recovery and water purification
Sewage Sludge Waste water influent Effluent
Aquafarm
Biomass production
Cleaning sludge for Processing of sludge Nutrient recovery
application as bulk for nutrient recovery
product Water purification
Upgrading and
marketing of products
Organic matter Physical or biological
(>70%) and macro- processing Recovery of phosphate
nutrient supply
WFD water/
ecological water quality
1
2
3 4
1
Influent &
2
Effluent
Nutrient concentration Effluent
4 4 3
1
2 Clean water =
3 ecological quality
4
Dirty waste water Effluent Purified
= influent clean water
Project Aquafarm: first results
• Floating water plants thrive best in nutrient rich conditions –>
influent/effluent -> High biomass production -> bulk production as
agricultural fertilizer
• Worms and mussels (filter feeders) seem to function especially for sludge
cleaning and in the last phase of final effluent purification
Further research and future perspective:
Bio-cascade or combined growth of plant and animal species
Biomass
production
Lemna
Helophytes
Azolla
Mussels,
worms etc.
1
Nutrient
2
concentration
3
4
Degradation of sludge to
increase bio-availability
Purification of sludge
Research team
FARO Advies
Dr. Peter Laan (FARO Consultancy)
Prof. Dr. Fons Smolders (RUN, B-ware)
Prof. Dr. Violette Geissen (WUR, SPLM)
Job Claushuis MSc (WUR)
Dr. Esther Lucassen (B-ware)
FARO Advies
Eisenia worm
FARO Advies
Conclusions:
- processing of substrate is needed to lower high ammonia
contents and to enable homogenisation
- growth and metal uptake unknown yet
Thlaspi
caerulescens
Sewage sludge treatment (3)
3. Growth and uptake of contaminants of metal accumulating plant species from
across the world on bio-granulate (3 months): Nicotiana tabacum (GMO) 35S-
ZNT1; Gomphren claussenii, Arabidopsis thaliana, Aeolanthus parvifolius,
Eleocharis acicularis and Sedum alfredii (WUR)
Conclusions:
- significant growth found for all species except for
Arabidopsis
- metal accumulation was especially high in Sedum
- copper is not accumulated from sludge
- bio-availability of metals is very low (< 1% for Zn and Cu)
- pH was lowered in rhizosphere during prolonged growth,
hence increased bio-availability of metals
FARO Advies
First conclusions
a) Sewage sludge treatment should focus on a combined approach of:
a) plant growth of selected species for uptake and extraction of toxic metals
and other contaminents
b) biodegradation and increased bio-availability by prolonged growth of
species and by adding micro-organisms in rhizosphere (Mycorrhizae)
c) further bio-degradation and purification by selected worm species
-> EU project