CONTENTS

FABWARE explores the notion of unit and the meaning of UNIT

unit as part of a composite whole. OPEN CONNECTION 2
RESTRICTED CONNECTION 3
This research is staged into three core sequences: VARIATION 4
unit, assembly, and deployment. RANDOM LOGICS 5
L-SYSTEM 6
L-SYSTEM SPIRAL 8
SCALE 10

ASSEMBLY
AGGREGATE GEOMETRY 12
CATALOG 14
COMPONENT SCREEN 16
CELLULAR MONOLITH 18
BILATERAL WEAVE 20

DEPLOYMENT
ASSEMBLY AGGREGATION 22
EVENT PLACEMENT 24
GROWTH INTELLIGENCE  26

APPENDIX
ASSEMBLY CODE CATALOG 29

WORKSHOP 01 // FABWARE
michael.dosier tyson.hosmer
thiago.mundim ryan.szanyi
alisa.andrasek jeroen.van_ameijde
AADRL 2009
UNIT // OPEN CONNECTION

The versatility of the joint connections allow many variations

ranging from symmetrical, ordered aggregations to more
chaotic and asymmetrical assortments. Without a set of
rules of aggregation, the openness of this system moves in
the direction of randomness and disordered chaos

VARIATION // UNDEFINED CONNECTION ORDER SYMMETRY // DEFINED CONNECTION ORDER UNIT 01 // 360° CONNECTION
 UNIT // RESTRICTED CONNECTION

The behavior of the restricted connection model is regulated

by its established angles. The four-legged piece and the
triangle connector allow for 56 possible vectorial translations
from the start of one arm of one piece to the finish of one
arm on the next. Through the asymmetry of the pieces in
combination, several types of spiralling behaviors emerge,
The quantity of variations allows a diversity through aggre-
gation. Due to the flat (1-axis) units that behavior becomes
limited to an open system of spiralling of units through
space. The open spiral is flexible but under structured in
large aggregations

UNIT 02 // LIMITED CONNECTION SPIRAL // DEFINED CONNECTION ORDER LOOP // DEFINED CONNECTION ORDER  3
UNIT // VARIATION

Units form shifts from square perimeter to a pinched dia-

mond, while maintaining the same 4 x 45 degree joint
connections. The resulting 3 dimensional lattice structures
cellular volumes that shift across the field. The structure is
closed and rigid due to its 45 degree angle joint setout

ASSEMBLY // UNIT VARIATION MATRIX ASSEMBLY // THICKNESS VARIATION DIAGRAMS CUT-SHEET // UNIT THICKNESS VARIATION
UNIT // RANDOM LOGICS
CONNECTORS // RANDOM SCATTERING

A standard connector geometry is distributed across a

2-dimensional surface. Unit boundaries are defined by a
quad-tree subdivision, regulated by a maximum connector
to unit ratio of 3:1. Units are assembled with the only rule
being: ‘utilize every piece in one assembly’. The resulting
aggregate geometry is expectably as random as the initial
scattering process; thus defining the extreme condition of a
minimum implied control resulting in an unexpected geomet-
ric result.

ASSEMBLY // RANDOM LOGICS UNIT CUT-SHEET // RANDOM CONNECTORS + QUAD-TREE SUBDIVISION  5

UNIT 03 // 1-AXIS : CONSISTENT ANGLES SYMMETRY // DEFINED CONNECTION ORDER

UNIT 04 // 2-AXIS :: VARIABLE ANGLES ASYMMETRY // UNDEFINED CONNECTION ORDER

UNIT // L-SYSTEM LOGIC

L-Systems were investigated as a means to add complex-

ity to the types of behaviors of the aggregations as well as
to achieve a balance of openness/flexibility of translation
and structural stability/order. Basic symmetrical L-Systems
produce a growth logic in 3 dimensional space that is highly
ordered and affords the possibility to connect closed loops
adding structural stability to the system. Asymmetry is then
applied to the units in search of emergent behavior within
the branching growth logic.

L-System // symmetric variables L-System // assymetric variables

Unit Assembly

L-SYSTEM // UNIT LENGTH BY ATTRACTOR POINT L-SYSTEM // VARIABLE ANGLES L-SYSTEM // UNIT LENGTH BY ATTRACTOR POINT  7
L-System
L-System
// symmetric
// symmetric
variables
variables L-System
L-System
// assymetric
// assymetric
variables
variables
 UNIT // L-SYSTEM SPIRAL

The two axis L-System growth logic is synthesized with the

asymmetry of the restricted angle 1-axis units. This hybrid
breeds a broad range of open/closed behaviors. Gener-
ally, the more open systems allow for greater flexibility and
movement while the more closed systems bring structural
stability and ordering of spatial organizations. The geometry
becomes fixed enough to establish rules that govern be-
havior while remaining flexible enough to allow a gradient of
diversity of systemic typologies. The nature of this flexible
gradient allows multiple systems to integrate fluidly into an
adaptive collective organism

UNIT 05 // 2-AXIS + 1 AXIS :: VARIABLE ANGLES

BEHAVIOR // ASSEMBLY INDUCED SPIRALS NESTED CUT-SHEET // MDF - LASER CUTTER  9
NESTED CUT-SHEET // PLYWOOD - 3-AXIS CNC ROUTER UNIT // 2x PLYWOOD vs. 1x MDF
UNIT // SCALE

Unit scaling is not a direct 1:1 translation. Increased scale

requires a change in materiality, which in-turn necessitates
adjustment in fabrication methodology.

A 100% increase in scale required a shift from 3mm-thick

MDF sheet to 6mm-thick birch plywood. Limitations of the
laser-cutting process used for the 1x MDF pieces was not
usable at the 2x scale, requiring use of a 3-axis CNC router.
To accommodate a larger material capacity and a larger
offset between units required slight modifications and re-
nesting. Resulting pieces were rough cut and necessitated
finish sanding.

Increased units produce scaled material effects, allowing

similar assembly logics. The increased surface area of in-
creased scale units also embodies the potential for perfora-
tion or other material effects - allowing for increased material
flexibility and visual effects.

ASSEMBLY // 2x PLYWOOD BILATERAL WEAVE  11

 // pure geometry ≠ materiality
// pure geometry ≠ materiality
// pure geometry ≠ materiality
x.E > y.C (y.B / x.B) y.A > x.A (x.D / y.B) x.E > ...
x.B > x.B (x.D / x.C)
x.E > y.C (y.B / x.B) y.A > x.A (x.D / y.B)x.E
x.E>>y.C
... (y.B / x.B) y.A > x.A (x.D / y.B) x.E > ...
x.B > x.B (x.D / x.C) x.B > x.B (x.D / x.C)

++ spirals undulate along linear paths

++ spirals undulate along linear paths ++ spirals undulate along linear paths

Code is looped 8 times forming strings : purely oriented in joints at 4, x.B< x.B connections
Code is looped 8 times forming strings :Code
purelyis oriented
looped 8intimes
jointsforming
at 4, x.B<
strings purely oriented in joints ++
x.B :connections geometry
at 4, x.B< x.Bwavering across straight path
connections ++ disconnected loops undulate in linear paths
++ geometry wavering across straight path++ geometry wavering across straight path ++ geometry separates, only bound at these 4 connections ++ disconnected loops undulate in linear++paths
disconnected loops undulate in linear paths
++ geometry separates, only bound at these
++ geometry separates, only bound at these 4 connections ++ PURE CONNECTION GEOMETRY BOUND BY ONLY 4 x.B<x.B JOINTS
4 connections
++ PURE CONNECTION GEOMETRY ++ BOUND PUREBY CONNECTION
ONLY 4 x.B<x.B GEOMETRY
JOINTS BOUND BY ONLY 4 x.B<x.B JOINTS

++ spirals connected in open loop forming twisting surface

Component ++ spirals connected
aggregate in open loop
is purely oriented forming
at every ++ twisting
x.B spirals
<x.B : connected
surface in open loop forming twisting surface
alternating
Component aggregate is purely orientedComponent
at every x.B
aggregate
<x.B : alternating
is purely oriented at every x.B <x.B : alternating
++ purely oriented at 12, x.B< x.B connections
++ purely oriented at 12, x.B< x.B connections
++ purely oriented at 12, x.B< x.B connections
++ geometry begins to follow curved path but slowly separates
++ geometry begins to follow curved path++but
geometry
slowly separates
begins to follow curved path but slowly separates
++ PURE CONNECTION GEOMETRY BOUND BY 12 x.B<x.B JOINTS
++ PURE CONNECTION GEOMETRY ++ BOUND
PUREBY CONNECTION
12 x.B<x.B JOINTS
GEOMETRY BOUND BY 12 x.B<x.B JOINTS

y.A < x.A y.A < x.A y.A < x.A

x.B < x.B x.B < x.B x.B < x.B

Component aggregate oriented at everyComponent

x.B <x.B and
aggregate
x.A<y.A:oriented
alternating
at every
+ direction Component
x.B <x.B and x.A<y.A: aggregate
alternating
++ +spirals oriented atinevery
direction
connected x.B
closed <x.Bforming
loops and x.A<y.A:
++ spirals
tightly alternating
connected
twisting + direction
surface
in closed loops forming tightly twisting ++created
spirals from
surface
++ tension connected in closed&
many x.B<x.B ++loops
x.A<y.Aforming
tension tightly
created fromtwisting surface & x.A<y.A
many x.B<x.B ++ tension created from many x.B<x.B & x.A<y.A
++ purely oriented at 12, x.B< x.B connections
++ purely oriented at 12, x.B< x.B connections ++ purely oriented at 12, x.B< x.B connections connections generates material tendency connections
to twist generates material tendency to twist connections generates material tendency to twist
++ geometry is oriented again to align x.A<y.A
++ geometry is oriented again to align x.A<y.A ++ geometry is oriented again to align x.A<y.A
++ FLEXIBLE CONNECTION GEOMETRY ++ FLEXIBLE
: REPRESENTS
CONNECTION
MATERIAL BEHAVIOR: REPRESENTS++
GEOMETRY FLEXIBLEBEHAVIOR
MATERIAL CONNECTION GEOMETRY : REPRESENTS MATERIAL BEHAVIOR
ASSEMBLY // AGGREGATE GEOMETRY

The units were digitally modelled and aggregated as pure geometry using the same coded assemblies tested in the material realm. The assemblages which form closed loops and fabrics in
the material system have different propensities to separate and do not close geometrically. These differences multiplied over large populations of assemblages exhibit differing behavioural
tendencies from the material assemblies. Through this process the research reveals the impact of the flexibility and tolerance of the notch joint MDF upon the behaviours of these systems
over large populations. This new materialism establishes itself in the tension between geometry and materiality. As a “loop” is stretched, bent, or pulled to lock into neighboring joint, a force
is embedded in the material. These physical forces work in tandem with the forces of transformation driven by the geometries of assembly. In some systems such as the closed cellular
monolith, the forces embedded by pulling the material into place stabilize a geometric tendency toward nonlinear movement through space (in this case a geometric desire to twist). This
“stability” between material forces and geometric forces create an enhanced structural order. In other cases, such as the bilateral weave the geometric tendency of the material to twist is
tightened and enhanced by the forces exhibited over the system by incrementally pulling the strings into partially closed loops. This “instability” between material forces and geometric forces
exhibits a complex behaviour of movement. It is this fusion of material + geometric tendencies that gives the systems their performative qualities

CELLULAR MONOLITH ASSEMBLY // PURE GEOMETRIC TENDENCY  13

CODE SYNTAX KEY

Assembly Syntax
X Branch Unit
Y Connector Unit
x.M Internal Branch Joint - Male
x.F Internal Branch Joint - Female
x.A External Branch Joint - A
x.B External Branch Joint - B
x.C External Branch Joint - C
x.D External Branch Joint - D
x.E External Branch Joint - E
y.A External Connector Joint - A
y.B External Connector Joint - B
y.C External Connector Joint - C
> Connection Vector
(*) Rotation Vector
... Repeat Block

UNIT // [X] [Y] CATALOG // ASSEMBLY CODES

ASSEMBLY // CATALOG

[spiral_01] CONNECTION CODING //

X x.C > y.B (y.C / x.B) y.C > x.E (x.B / y.B) x.c > ...
With an aggregation of connections, we can begin to cre-
ate a syntax to begin documenting the various spiralling
tendencies. The assembly syntax creates a line of code
that is used for assembly instructions. We can document
each components’ vector orientation and new assemblies
off of the original spiral. After generating multiple codes, we
established a catalogue. This catalogue was used to select
multiple spiralling behaviours to deploy. The criteria for
selecting certain codes was multidirectional growth, non-
terminating cell structure, and specific behavioural charac-
teristics. MATERIAL BEHAVIOR //
open loop spiral

[spiral_01_mult_01] CONNECTION CODING //

X x.B > y.B (y.C / x.A) y.C > x.E (x.B / y.B) x.B > ...
x.D > x.D (x.C / x.B) x.E > y.C (y.A / x.D) y.B > x.B (y.A / x.C) x.E > ...

MATERIAL BEHAVIOR //
interconnected open loop spirals produce larger aggregate spiral

SAMPLE // ASSEMBLY CODES  15

COMPOSITE ASSEMBLY // 3 ASSEMBLY CODES BEHAVIOR // SPLINE SURFACE

BEHAVIOR // PLANAR SURFACE BEHAVIOR // CLOSED LOOP SURFACE CHARACTERISTIC // DOUBLE LAYER
ASSEMBLY // COMPONENT SCREEN

The component screen is a combination of three different

types of code. The synthesis of these codes creates an
extruded surface condition along spline. This spline has the
ability to follow a straight line, turn sharp or wide corners,
and double in width. If the curve is allowed to grow in on
itself, the assembly will close in on itself and define volumes.
The component screen is one of the most sophisticated sys-
tems in regards to performance, because the assembly of
different closed loops can be arranged in different degrees
of rotation.

ASSEMBLY // CLOSED LOOPS  17

 10 Kg

BEHAVIOR // FORCE RESISTANCE CHARACTERISTIC // REDUNDANCY CHARACTERISTIC // VISUAL FIELDS

ASSEMBLY // CELLULAR MONOLITH

2.6 Meters

The cellular monolith code grows in a three dimensional

matrix with vertically oriented spiralling. This tendency al-
lows the assembly to directly react to gravitational forces,
therefore, the cellular monolith can achieve substantial
vertical growth. The matrix also provides the assembly with
redundancy that enables punched openings without loosing
significant structural stability and a high resistance to vertical
loads. The large cells in the cellular monolith render diverse
visual fields throughout the assembly.

1.9 Meters

BEHAVIOR // VERTICAL GROWTH  19

 CHARACTERISTIC // REDUNDANCY

BEHAVIOR // ASSEMBLY SPIRAL BEHAVIOR // ASSEMBLY FLEXIBILITY CHARACTERISTIC // BIFURCATION

ASSEMBLY // BILATERAL WEAVE

Because of it’s malleability, the bilateral weave is the most

flexible system. The high frequency of spiralling creates a
fabric that has a larger, overall spiralling tendency. Although
it has a general spiralling behaviour, the assembly can be
forced into a plane and small punctures can be created.
The ability to bifurcate off the weave in addition to abundant
flexibility allows this assembly to span between other sys-
tems by connecting uniformly or as tendrils onto available
connections.

ASSEMBLY // BILATERAL WEAVE SPIRAL  21

 DEPLOYMENT // ASSEMBLY AGGREGATION

The final prototype seeks to utilize and unify three of the

behaviorial assemblies studied with the unit 5 hybrid. The
cellular monolith is used to exhibit an ordered vertical
structure. The patterned component screen allows a small
degree of movement and bifurcation within a partially closed
system. The bilateral weave is the most flexible with a
slightly higher degree of openness. It is used to merge the
other two assemblies. Two highly structured systems merge
with one highly flexible and mobile system. The redundancy
created through aggregation allows the fluid integration of
the multiple systems through bifurcation. The assemblies
in this research exhibit a gradient range of flexibility linked
to the degree that the system is open or closed. Degrees
of movement within these open and closed systems vary
based on the relationship of geometric and material forces.
Different assemblies can establish themselves in reaction
to contextual constraints and merge through open/flexible
bridging assemblies.

DEPLOYMENT // FABRIC AGGREGATE  23

  original base photograph ©2009 jonnaro via flickr.com

MoMA PS1 // DEPLOYMENT MONTAGE

DEPLOYMENT // EVENT PLACEMENT

Rather than defining a product to be located within a generic

site, research was directed towards methods of deployment
where a proposed system might engage its context in a
unique way.

Utilizing the assembly research, one method of deploy-

ment suggests locating behaviors and/or characteristics into
desired site locations. Events would be linked utilizing the
Bilateral Weave assembly, producing an aggregate whole.
Finally, relying on the redundant properties of particular
assemblies, openings would be induced, providing for view
and circulation.

Event deployment logic allows for system control and site

responsivity, without explicitly defining a resultant geometry. ete
rs

Installation documentation and instruction is minimized,

M
2.6

rs
ete
M
1.9

allowing for localized reconfiguration due to assembly flex-

ibility and/or variation of expected site conditions.

MoMA PS1 // DEPLOYMENT PLAN DIAGRAM  25

// intelligent growth : destination rules
B vs C : C has the added intelligence of being able to as-
sociate itself to the destination and evaluate it’s own geom-
etry to decide if it should flip itself or not...this results in
A: 1 PT DESTINATION
RULES: tighter path through the cloud of destinations
1)choose direction point branch (A,B,C,D) closest to destination
2)orient component in joint
3)rotate on axis 90 degrees (non-intelligent direction)

B: MULTIPLE DESTINATIONS, AVOID MOVING TOO CLOSE TO DESTINATION

RULES:
1) choose closest destination pt
2) choose closest direction pt branch (A,B,C,D) to destination
3) IF you are within 150mm of destination, erase destination pt and move to the next closest
4) orient component to joint
5)rotate on axis 90 degrees (non-intelligent direction)

4
6
5
3
2
1
C

C: MULTIPLE DESTINATIONS, AVOID MOVING TOO CLOSE TO DESTINATION,

FLIP COMPONENT TO ACHIEVE OPTIMAL ORIENTATION
RULES:
1) choose closest destination pt
2) choose closest direction pt branch (A,B,C,D) to destination
3) IF you are within 150mm of destination, erase destination pt and move to the next closest
4) orient component to joint
5)rotate on axis 90 degrees
6)self evaluate which branch shoulld orient to destination and flip if necessary

4
6
5
3
2
1
 DEPLOYMENT // GROWTH INTELLIGENCE

A series of studies were conducted to begin to encode an “intelligence” within each unit based on a simple rule system.
In these 3 studies the set of rules is sequentially enhanced to spawn intelligent geometric translation within the possi-
bilities afforded by the final hybridized units.

EXPERIMENTS:

1) In the first example, the unit measures the distance from its legs to a “destination” and selects which leg to con-
nect and orient to next while arbitrarily rotating on axis by 90 degrees. It is therefore operating within the constraints
of the established notching system. This system creates a fluctuating spiral across a linear vector directly to the
destination

2) In example two, 6 destinations are introduced. First the unit evaluates if it is within an established distance of the
destination, and if it is deletes that destination and chooses the next closest destination. It then measures and choos-
es which destination is closest and decides which of its 4 legs are closest to that destination. The unit orients itself
on that leg and rotates arbitrarily by 90 degrees on axis to notch in. This system creates a spirally which finds the
closest path it can to all the destinations. The tightness of the spiralling in 3d space is deformed by the size
of the zone in which the unit chooses a new destination

3) Finally, the same system is established, but a final step of self assessment is added. After the unit has oriented
itself and notched in it evaluates the distances between it’s own arms an flips itself if that will give it a closer path to its
destination. This self regulation/assessment establishes a more controlled spiralling through 3d space with
the shortest path of the three examples by adding additional intelligence to the individual unit and achieving a
basic level of agency

INTELLIGENT GROWTH // SHORTEST PATH DIAGRAM  27

CODE SYNTAX KEY APPENDIX // ASSEMBLY CODES

Assembly Syntax
X Branch Unit
Y Connector Unit
x.M Internal Branch Joint - Male
x.F Internal Branch Joint - Female
x.A External Branch Joint - A
x.B External Branch Joint - B
x.C External Branch Joint - C
x.D External Branch Joint - D
x.E External Branch Joint - E
y.A External Connector Joint - A
y.B External Connector Joint - B
y.C External Connector Joint - C
> Connection Vector
(*) Rotation Vector
... Repeat Block

CONNECTOR UNIT // [X] // [Y]  29

[spiral_14] [spiral_15]
CONNECTION CODING // CONNECTION CODING //
Y y.A > x.E (x.B / y.B) x.B > y.A (y.B / x.A ) y.C > x.B (x.C / y.B) x.E > y.B (y.A / x.B) y.C > Y y.A > x.E (x.B / y.B) x.B > y.A (y.B / x.A ) y.C > x.B (x.C / y.B) x.E > y.B (y.A / x.B) y.C > y.C (y.B / y.A)
y.C (y.B / y.A) y.A > y.C (y.A / y.B) y.A ... y.B > y.C (y.A / y.B) y.A ...
Y y.B > x.E (x.B / y.A) x.B > y.A (y.B / x.C ) y.C > x.B (x.A / y.B) x.E > y.A (y.B / x.B) y.B > ... Y y.B > x.E (x.B / y.A) x.B > y.A (y.B / x.C ) y.C > x.B (x.A / y.B) x.E > y.A (y.B / x.B) y.B > ...

MATERIAL BEHAVIOR // MATERIAL BEHAVIOR //

cellular open loop cellular closed loop

[spiral_16] [spiral_17]
CONNECTION CODING // CONNECTION CODING //
X x.D > y.C (y.B / x.A) y.A > x.D (x.A / y.C) x.B > y.A (y.B / x.C) y.C > x.B (x.B / y.B) x.D > X x.D > y.C (y.B / x.A) y.B > x.D (x.A / y.A) x.E > y.A (y.B / x.B) y.C > y.B (y.A / y.B) y.C >
y.B (y.A / x.D) y.C > x.D (x.C / y.A) x.B > y.C (y.B / x.C) y.A > x.B (x.A / y.B) x.D > ... y.C ( y.B / y.B) y.A > x.E (x.B / y.B) x.D > ...

MATERIAL BEHAVIOR // MATERIAL BEHAVIOR //

closed loop cell closed loop cell
[helmet_01] [spiral_02]
CONNECTION CODING // CONNECTION CODING //
Y y.B > x.C (x.E / y.A) x.A > y.C (y.A / x.D) y.B > ... X x.C > y.B (y.C / x.B) y.C > x.E (x.B / y.B) x.C > ...
y.A > x.E (x.D / y.B) x.A > y.C (y.A / x.B) y.B > x.E (x.A / y.A) x.A > ...

MATERIAL BEHAVIOR // MATERIAL BEHAVIOR //

closed loop spiral + open loop spiral = closed loop object open loop spiral
potential for vertical growth

[branch_01] [spiral_02_mult_01]
CONNECTION CODING // CONNECTION CODING //
Y y.A > y.C > y.A > ... X x.C > y.B (y.C / x.B) y.C > x.E (x.B / y.B) x.C > ...
y.B > y.C > y.B > ... x.B > x.A (x.D / x.B) x.C > y.B (y.C / x.B) y.C > x.E (x.B / y.B) x.C > ...

MATERIAL BEHAVIOR // MATERIAL BEHAVIOR //

closed loop spiral open loop spirals + branching propogation
potential for vertical growth
[spiral_03] [spiral_05]
CONNECTION CODING // CONNECTION CODING //
X x.D > x.B (x.A / x.E) x.E > ... X x.A > y.C (y.B / x.B) y.B > x.C (x.B / y.C) x.A > ...

MATERIAL BEHAVIOR // MATERIAL BEHAVIOR //

open loop spiral closed loop spiral

[spiral_04] [spiral_06]
CONNECTION CODING // CONNECTION CODING //
X x.D > x.E (x.D / x.D) x.D > ... X x.B > x.E (x.B / x.B) x.B > ...

MATERIAL BEHAVIOR // MATERIAL BEHAVIOR //

closed loop spiral closed loop spiral
[spiral_07] [spiral_08]
CONNECTION CODING // CONNECTION CODING //
X x.D > x.B (x.A / x.E) x.E > ... X x.A > y.C (y.B / x.B) y.A > x.E (x.B / y.B) x.A > ...

MATERIAL BEHAVIOR // MATERIAL BEHAVIOR //

closed loop spiral open loop spiral

[spiral_09]
CONNECTION CODING //
X x.A > y.C (y.B / x.B) y.B > x.E (x.A / y.A) x.A > y.C (y.B / x.B) y.A > x.E (x.B / y.B) x.A > ...

MATERIAL BEHAVIOR //
open loop spiral
[spiral_10] [spiral_10_mult_01_strut_01]
CONNECTION CODING // CONNECTION CODING //
X x.E > y.C (y.B / x.B) y.A > x.A (x.D / y.B) x.E > ... X x.E > y.C (y.B / x.B) y.A > x.A (x.D / y.B) x.E > ...
x.D > x.E (x.C / x.C) x.A > x.E (x.D / x.C) x.B > x.D

MATERIAL BEHAVIOR // MATERIAL BEHAVIOR //

open loop spiral open loop spiral - aggregate as surface - strut reinforcement

[spiral_10_mult_01] [spiral_11_strut_02]
CONNECTION CODING // CONNECTION CODING //
X x.E > y.C (y.B / x.B) y.A > x.A (x.D / y.B) x.E > ... X x.B > y.A (y.C / x.A) y.C > x.E (x.B / y.B) x.B > ...
x.B > x.B (x.D / x.C) x.C > x.C (x.E / x.B)

MATERIAL BEHAVIOR // MATERIAL BEHAVIOR //

open loop spiral - aggregate as surface open loop spiral - aggregate as directional volume - strut connectors
[spiral_12] [spiral_10_mult_01_strut_01]
CONNECTION CODING // CONNECTION CODING //
X x.A > x.D (x.B / x.E) x.A > ... X x.E > y.A (y.B / x.B) y.C > x.B (x.C / y.B) x.D > y.C (y.B / x.A) y.A > x.C (x.D / y.B)

MATERIAL BEHAVIOR // MATERIAL BEHAVIOR //

open loop spiral - spring behavior closed loop

[spiral_10_mult_01] [spiral_11_strut_02]
CONNECTION CODING // CONNECTION CODING //
X x.E > x.E (x.C / x.B) x.D > y.C (y.B / x.C) y.A > x.C (x.D / y.B) x.E > y.A (y.B / x.D) y.C > X x.E > x.E (x.A / x.D) x.A > y.B (y.A / x.B) y.C > x.D (x.C / y.A) x.E > ...
x.B (x.C / y.B) x.E > x.E (x.B / X.C) x.C > x.C (x.D / x.B) x.A > x.A x.C > x.E (x.D / x.E) x.A > y.C (y.B / x.D) y.A > x.D

MATERIAL BEHAVIOR // MATERIAL BEHAVIOR //

closed loop - serial connection closed loop + strut - vertical structure (column)
WORKSHOP 01 // FABWARE
michael.dosier tyson.hosmer
thiago.mundim ryan.szanyi
alisa.andrasek jeroen.van_ameijde
AADRL 2009