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INTRODUCTION
CARBON ARC WELDING
OXY-ACETYLENE WELDING
WELDING TECHNIQUES
GAS CUTTING
HOT GAS WELDING
SPEED TIP WELDING
EXTRUSION WELDING
CONTACT WELDING
HOT PLATE WELDING
HIGH FREQUENCY WELDING
INDUCTION WELDING
INJECTION WELDING
ULTRASONIC WELDING
FRICTION WELDING
SPIN WELDING
LASER WELDING
TRANSPARENT LASER PLASTIC WELDING
SOLVENT WELDING
CONCLUSION
Introduction :
• Hot gas welding uses a welding gun which has electric heating
elements. They produce heat f hot gas.
• Hot plastic welding uses a hot plate place between the two surfaces
which are to be joined. In order to weld two pieces, ultrasonic
welding uses a high frequency acoustic vibration. After subjecting
them to high pressure, they are exposed to the vibrations until the
weld is completed.
Carbon arc welding is used to weld both ferrous and non ferrous
metals. Sheets of steel, copper alloys, brass and aluminium can be
welded in this method.
Oxy-Acetylene welding
In gas welding, a gas flame is used to melt the edges of metals to be
joined. The flame is produced at the tip of welding torch. Oxygen and
Acetylene are the gases used to produce the welding flame. The flame
will only melt the metal. A flux is used during welting to prevent
oxidations and to remove impurities. Metals 2mm to 50mm thick are
welded by gas welding. The temperature of oxyacetylene flame is
about 3200°c. Fig shows Gas welding equipments.
GAS CUTTING
• Oxides having lower melting point than the metal, melt and are
blown away by the force of the jet, to make a cut
• Cutting torch has preheat orifice and one central orifice for oxygen
jet
• PIERCING and GOUGING are two important operations
• Piercing, used to cut a hole at the centre of the plate or away from
the edge of the plate
Welding techniques
A number of techniques are used for welding of semi-finished plastic
products as given below:
Hot gas welding, also known as hot air welding, is a plastic welding
technique using heat. A specially designed heat gun, called a hot air
welder, produces a jet of hot air that softens both the parts to be joined
and a plastic filler rod, all of which must be of the same or a very
similar plastic. (Welding PVC to acrylic is an exception to this rule.)
In the case of webs and films a filler rod may not be used. Two sheets
of plastic are heated via a hot gas (or a heating element) and then
rolled together. This is a quick welding process and can be performed
continuously.
Welding rod
Heat sealing
With freehand welding, the jet of hot air (or inert gas) from the welder
is played on the weld area and the tip of the weld rod at the same
time. As the rod softens, it is pushed into the joint and fuses to the
parts. This process is slower than most others, but it can be used in
almost any situation.
Extrusion welding
This is the same as spot welding except that heat is supplied with
thermal conduction of the pincher tips instead of electrical
conduction. Two plastic parts are brought together where heated tips
pinch them, melting and joining the parts in the process.
Induction welding
Injection welding
Ultrasonic welding
Spin welding
Laser welding
Polypropylene
Polycarbonate
Acrylic
Nylon
ABS
New fiber laser technology allows for the output of longer laser
wavelengths, with the best results typically around 2,000 nm,
significantly longer than the average 808 nm to 1064 nm diode laser
used for traditional laser plastic welding. Because these longer
wavelengths are more readily absorbed by thermoplastics than the
infra-red radiation of traditional plastic welding, it is possible to weld
two clear polymers without any colorants or absorbing additives.
Common Applications will mostly fall in the medical industry for
devices like catheters and microfluidic devices. The heavy use of
transparent plastics, especially flexible polymers like TPU, TPE and
PVC, in the medical device industry makes transparent laser welding
a natural fit. Also, the process requires no laser absorbing additives or
colorants making testing and meeting biocompatibility requirements
significantly easier.
Solvent welding
On the other hand, production of a good quality weld can not only
depend on the welding methods, but also weldability of base
materials. Therefore, the evaluation of weldability is of critical
importance before welding operation (see Rheological weldability)
for plastics.