Departemen Teknik Sistem Perkapalan (DTSP)

ME141203 ‐ Engineering Drawing & CAD

Chapter 02 Line, Tools and Software
By Irfan Syarif Arief ST.MT Email : irfansya@its.ac.id

DTSP ITS @2017 Education, Enhance, Empowering

Page 1
 Contents

Line Types
Tools & Software
Drawing sheet
Scale
Lettering
Line types

Engineering Drawing & CAD

Page 2
DTSP ITS @2017
 Line Types

Basic Line Types

Types of Lines Appearance Name according
to application
Continuous thick line Visible line
Continuous thin line Dimension line
Extension line
Leader line
Dash thick line Hidden line

Chain thin line Center line

Engineering Drawing & CAD

Page 3
DTSP ITS @2017
 Line Types

Meaning of Lines

Visible lines represent features that can be seen in the

current view
Hidden lines represent features that can not be seen in
the current view
Center line represents symmetry, path of motion, centers
of circles, axis of axisymmetrical parts

Dimension and Extension lines indicate the sizes and

location of features on a drawing

Engineering Drawing & CAD

Page 4
DTSP ITS @2017
 Line Types

Engineering Drawing & CAD

Page 5
DTSP ITS @2017
 Line Types

Line Conventions
• Visible Lines – solid thick lines that represent visible edges or contours
• Hidden Lines – short evenly spaced dashes that depict hidden features
• Section Lines – solid thin lines that indicate cut surfaces
• Center Lines – alternating long and short dashes
• Dimensioning
– Dimension Lines ‐ solid thin lines showing dimension extent/direction
– Extension Lines ‐ solid thin lines showing point or line to which dimension applies
– Leaders – direct notes, dimensions, symbols, part numbers, etc. to features on
drawing
• Cutting‐Plane and Viewing‐Plane Lines – indicate location of cutting planes for sectional
views and the viewing position for removed partial views
• Break Lines – indicate only portion of object is drawn. May be random “squiggled” line or
thin dashes joined by zigzags.
• Phantom Lines – long thin dashes separated by pairs of short dashes indicate alternate
positions of moving parts, adjacent position of related parts and repeated detail
• Chain Line – Lines or surfaces with special requirements

Engineering Drawing & CAD

Page 6
DTSP ITS @2017
 Line Types

1
2 3 C4enter
Line
Dimension
Extension
line
Line
5
Hidden Line

6
Break Line

7Cutting-plane
Line
8
Visible Line
9
1C0enter Line (of
motion)
Leader
1 P4hantom
Line
 1 S3ection
Line
S 1E2CTION V11IEW
B-B
A-A

Engineering Drawing & CAD

Page 7
DTSP ITS @2017
 Line Types

Engineering Drawing & CAD

Page 8
DTSP ITS @2017
 Line Types

Engineering Drawing & CAD

Page 9
DTSP ITS @2017
 Line Types

Engineering Drawing & CAD

Page 10
DTSP ITS @2017
 Line Types

Engineering Drawing & CAD

Page 11
DTSP ITS @2017
 Tools and Software

Preparation of tools

Using of tools

Software

Engineering Drawing & CAD

Page 12
DTSP ITS @2017
 Tools and Software

Engineering Drawing & CAD

Page 13
DTSP ITS @2017
 Tools and Software

Tools to be prepared

1. Paper Fastening a sheet to a drafting board

2. Pencils Sharpening the lead

3. CompassSharpening the lead

Engineering Drawing & CAD

Page 14
DTSP ITS @2017
 Tools and Software

Paper
1. Place a paper close to the left edge of a
table where a drafter can work conveniently.
2. Place a T-square.

3. Move the paper until its lower edge lies

close to the top edge of a T-square.

4. Align the top edge of the paper with

T-square blade.

5. Attach the paper’s corners with tape.

6. Move T-square down to smooth the paper.

7. Attach the remaining paper’s corners

with tape.
Engineering Drawing & CAD
DTSP ITS @2017 Page 15
 Tools and Software

Engineering Drawing & CAD

Page 16
DTSP ITS @2017
 Tools and Software

Engineering Drawing & CAD

Page 17
DTSP ITS @2017
 Tools and Software

Engineering Drawing & CAD

Page 18
DTSP ITS @2017
 Pencil
1. Remove the wood with penknife while expose a lead
about 8-10 mm.
2. Polish the lead into a conical shape with a sandpaper.
3. Clean the lead with tissue paper.
 Compass
1. Sharpen the lead with a sandpaper.

2. Adjust the needle and the lead so that the tipof

the needle extends slightly more than the lead.

needle lead
Using the Tools

Contents
Drawing tools

22
 Pencil
Grading and classification

9H 8H 7H 6H 5H 4H 3H 2H H F HB B 2B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8B 9B
Hardest → Medium → Softest

Tone US World
#1 B
#2 HB
#21⁄2 * F
#3 H
#4 2H
* Also seen as 2-4/8, 2.5, 2-5/10

23
 Function of the tools

Tools Shape to be drawn

1. T-square
Straight line
2. Triangles
T-square and triangles can be used together to draw
an inclined line with 15o increment, i.e. 15o, 30o, 45o,
60o, 75o, 90o, 105o, 120o, 135o, 150o, 165o, 180o etc.

3. Compass
Arc, Circle
4. Circle template
To keep your drawing clean
Do Don’t
 Using a compass
1. Locate the center of the circle to be drawn.
Draw two intersecting lines.
2. Adjust the distance between a needle and a lead
to be a radius of the circle.
3. Set the needle point at the circle’s center.
 Using a compass
4. Start circle. Apply enough pressure to the needle,
holding the compass handle between thumb and index
fingers.
5. Complete circle. Revolve the handle clockwise.
 Using a template
1. Draw two perpendicular lines that pass through center of
a circle to be drawn.
2. Align all markings on template with the center lines.

3. Tracing the circle.

Given
Center of a circle to be drawn

Visible line
Construction line
Draw a line through the given points

Explanations
Given
1. Place the pencil tip at one of the
given points.
A 2. Place the triangle against the
pencil tip.

B 3. Swing the triangle around the

pencil tip until its edge aligns with
the second point.
4. Draw a line.

play
 Draw a horizontal line
1. Press the T-square head against the left edge
of the table.
2. Smooth the blade to the right.
 Draw a horizontal line
3. Lean the pencil at an angle about 60o with the paper
in the direction of the line and slightly “toed in”.
4. Rotate the pencil slowly while moving the pencil
from left to right.
 Draw a horizontal line
5. Move T-square up or down to draw another
horizontal line.
 Draw a vertical line
1. Set T-square as before.
Place any triangle on T-square edge.
2. Use your left hand to hold both T-square and triangle
in position.
 Draw a vertical line
3. Lean the pencil to the triangle.
4. Draw the line upward while rotating the pencil slowly.
Draw a line at 30o with horizontal
1. Place 30o-60o triangle on the T-square edge and press
them firmly against the paper.

2. Draw the line in the direction as shown below.

Draw a line at 45o with horizontal
1. Place 45o triangle on the T-square edge and press
them firmly against the paper.

2. Draw the line in the direction as shown below.

Draw a line at 60o with horizontal
1. Place 30o-60o triangle on the T-square edge and press
them firmly against the paper.

2. Draw the line in the direction as shown below.

Draw a line at 15o with horizontal

1 -30 o + 45o = 15o CCW

2 60 o +(-45o) = 15o CCW

Draw a line at 75o with horizontal

1 30 o + 45o = 75o CCW

2 45o + 30o = 75o CCW

Draw a line at 105o with horizontal

1 60 o + 45o = 105o CCW

2 45o + 60o = 105o CCW

 Practice by Yourself

Arrange the triangles to draw a line at

a) 120o
b) 135o
c) 150o
with a horizontal.
SOFTWARE PENDUKUNG
 1. AutoCAD
AutoCAD adalah sebuah aplikasi software CAD
(computer aided design) dan drafting untuk
menggambar model 2D dan 3D yang dikembangkan
oleh Autodesk.
 2. SolidWorks
SolidWorks adalah software CAD 3D untuk mechanical designyang
dikembangkan oleh SolidWorks Corporation
3. Maxsurf.Pro adalah program yang digunakan oleh Marine Engineer
untuk membuat model (Lines Plan). Pembuatan Lines Plan ini
merupakan kunci utama suksesnya perancangan desain sebelum model
dilakukan analisa hidrodinamika, kekuatan struktur dan pendetailan lebih
lanjut.