Physics 2008 Solved Paper Delhi

Perfect solution to all problems
Tips, Tricks, General Knowledge, Current Affairs, Latest Sample,

Previous Year, Practice Papers with solutions.
CBSE 12th Physics 2008 Solved Paper

Delhi Board
Pack of two pdf files, purchased from www.4ono.com

@ ₹ 20
Note
This pdf file is downloaded from www.4ono.com. Editing the content or publicizing this on any blog or
website without the written permission of Rewire Media is punishable, the suffering will be decided
under DMCA
4ono.com 4ono.com 4ono.com 4ono.com 4ono.com 4ono.com 4ono.com 4ono.com 4ono.com 4ono.com 4ono.com 4ono.com 4ono.com
com CBSE 12th Physics 2008 Solved Paper

Delhi Board
TIME - 3HR. | QUESTIONS - 30
THE MARKS ARE MENTIONED ON EACH QUESTION
_________________________________________________________________________
SECTION - A
Q.1. What is the direction of the force acting on a charged particle q, moving with a
velocity 𝒗⃗ uniform magnetic field 𝑩 ⃗⃗ ? 1 marks
Ans. ∵ ⃗F = q(v ⃗)
⃗ ×B
⃗
Magnetic force is always normal to 𝐵
Q.2. Name the part of the electromagnetic spectrum of wavelength 𝟏𝟎−𝟐 m and mention
its application. 1 marks
Ans. Microwave (Range 0.1m to 10−3 𝑚)

Application: Microwave are used in Radar system for air craft navigation.
Q.3. An electron and alpha particle have the same de-Broglie wavelength associated with
them. How are their kinetic energies related to each other? 1 marks
1 1 𝑝2 𝑝2
Ans. Kinetic Energy K = 2 𝑚𝑣 2 = 𝑚 𝑚2 = 2𝑚 ∵ 𝑃 = 𝑚𝑣
2
∴ 𝑃2 = 2𝑚𝐾 ⇒ 𝑃 = √2𝑚𝐾
ℎ ℎ
De-Broglie wavelength, 𝜆 = =
𝑃 √2𝑚𝐾
∵ An electron and Alpha particle have the same de-Broglie wavelength
∵ 𝜆𝑒 = 𝜆𝛼
ℎ ℎ 𝑘𝑒 𝑚𝛼
∴ = ⇒ 𝑚𝑒 𝑘𝑒 = 𝑚𝛼 𝑘𝛼 ∴ = .
√2𝑚𝑒 𝑘𝑒 √2𝑚𝛼 𝑘𝛼 𝑘𝛼 𝑚𝑒
Download More @ www.4ono.com

Q.4. A glass of refractive index 1.5 is placed in a trough of liquid. what must be refractive index of
the in order to mark the lens disappear? 1 marks
Ans. The refractive index of the liquid must be greater than or equal to 1.5.
Q.5. A 500 C charge is at the center of a square of side 10 cm. Find the work done in moving a
charge of 10 C between two diagonally opposite points on the square. 1 mark
Ans. Zero [∵ 𝑤 = 𝑞(𝑉𝐵 − 𝑉𝐴 ) 𝑎𝑠 𝑉𝐴 = 𝑉𝐶 ]
Q.6. State the reason, why heavy water is generally used as a moderator in a
nuclear reactor. 1mark
Ans. (i) Heavy water does not observe neutron.

(ii) It is rich in proton.
Q.7. How does the fringe width of interference fringes change, when the whole apparatus?
of young’s experiment is kept in a liquid of refractive index 1.3? 1 mark
Ans. The fringe width 𝛽 in a young’s double slit experiment is given by
𝜆𝐷
𝛽=
𝑑
When the whole apparatus is placed in a liquid of refractive index 1.3, the fringe width is
not effected.
Q.8. The plot of the variation of potential difference across a combination of three identical cell in
series, versus current is as shown below. What is the emf of each cell? 1 mark
Ans. 2 Volt.
SECTION - B
Q.9. Derive the expression for the electric potential at any point along the axial line of an electric
dipole? 2 marks

Ans.
Let P be an axial point at distance r from the center of the dipole. Electric potential at
point P will be
1 𝑞 1 𝑞
𝑣 = 𝑣1 + 𝑣2 = − + .
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑟 + 𝑎 4𝜋𝜖0 𝑟 − 𝑎
𝑞 1 1 𝑞 2𝑎
= [ − ]= . 2
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑟 − 𝑎 𝑟 + 𝑎 4𝜋𝜖0 𝑟 − 𝑎2
1 𝑝
= . [∵ 𝑝 = 𝑞(2𝑎)]
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑟 2 −𝑎2
For a faraway point, r> >a

1 𝑝
∴ 𝑉= . 2.
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑟
Q.10. Define magnetic susceptibility of a material. Name two elements, one having positive
susceptibility and the other having negative susceptibility. What does negative
susceptibility signify? 2 mark
Ans. Magnetic Susceptibility: Magnetic Susceptibility of a material is defined as the ratio of the
intensity of magnetization (I) induced in the material to the magnetization force(H) applied
on it.
I
Magnetic Susceptibility is represented by 𝜒𝑚 = 𝐻
Diamagnetic substance like copper, lead etc. has negative susceptibility.
substance like aluminum, calcium etc. has positive susceptibility.
Negative susceptibility of diamagnetic substance does not change with temperature.

Q.11. The oscillating magnetic field in a plane electromagnetic wave is given by

By= (𝟖×𝟏𝟎−𝟖 ) sin [𝟐×𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟏 𝝉 + 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝝅𝒙] T
(i) Calculate the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave. 1 marks
(ii) Write down the expression for the oscillating electric field. 1 marks
Ans. Given equation is
𝐵𝑦 = (8×10−6 ) sin[2 ×1011 𝑡 + 300𝜋𝑥]T
Comparing the given equation with the equation of magnetic field varying sinusoidal with x
and t
2𝜋𝑥 2𝜋𝑡
𝐵𝑦 = 𝐵0 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( + )
𝜆 𝑇
2𝜋
We get, = 300𝜋
𝜆
2
∴ 𝜆= = 0.0067𝑚.
300
And 𝐵0 = 8 × 10−6 T
(i) Wavelength of the electromagnetic wave 𝜆 = 0.0067𝑚 𝑜𝑟 .67𝑐𝑚
(ii) 𝐸0 = 𝐶𝐵0 = 3 ×108 ×8 ×10−6
= 24×102 = 2400𝑉𝑚−1
∴ The required expression for the oscillating electric field is

2𝜋𝑥 2𝜋𝑡
𝐸𝑧 = 𝐸0 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( + )
𝜆 𝑇
= 2400sin (300𝜋𝑥 + 2×1011 𝑡) v/m.
Q.12. Prove that an ideal capacitor, in an a.c. circuit does dissipate power. 2 marks
Ans. Average power dissipated with a capacitor : In a circuit containing capacitor C, current
𝜋
leads the emf by a phase angle of 2 .
𝜋
∴ E = 𝐸0 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝐼 = 𝐼0 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝜔𝑡 + 2 )
∴ I = I0 cos ωt
Work done in one complete cycle is
T T
W = ∫0 𝐸 𝐼 𝑑𝑡 = ∫0 (𝐸0 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝑡) (I0 cos ωt)𝑑𝑡

T T 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜔𝑡
= 𝐸0 I0 ∫0 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝑡 cos ωt = 𝐸0 I0 ∫0 ∵ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2θ = 2 sinθ cosθ
2
𝐸0 I0 cos 2ωt 𝑇
= [− ]
2 2ω 0
2𝜋
𝐸0 I0 cos 2ωt 𝑐𝑜𝑠0 𝐸0 I0 cos 2. 𝑇 . t 1
=− [ − ]= − [ − ]
2 2ω 2ω 2 2ω 2ω
𝐸0 I0 cos4𝜋 1 𝐸0 I0 1 1
=− [ − ]=− [ − ] = 0[∵ cos4𝜋 = 1 ]
2 2ω 2ω 2 2ω 2ω
ω 0
∴ Average power = = =0
𝑇 𝑇
∴ Average power supplied to an ideal capacitor by the source over a complete cycle of
a.c. is Zero.
Or
Derive an expression for the impedance of an a.c. circuit consisting of an inductor
and a resistor.
Ans. A.C. Circuit containing inductor and resistor: Let an inductor L and resistor R is connected
to a source of alternating e.m.f. in series as shown in fig. (i).
The maximum voltage across R is
⃗ 𝑅 = I0 R.
𝑉
⃗ 𝑅 is in phase with current, it is represented by the vector ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
As 𝑉 𝑂𝐴 along OX.
⃗ 𝐿 = I0 𝑋𝐿 .
The Maximum Voltage across L is 𝑉
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ along
As voltage across the inductor leads the current by 90∘ , It is represented by 𝑂𝐵
OY, 90∘ ahead of I0 .

The vector sum of V ⃗ R and V ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ making an angle ∅ with

⃗ L is phasor 𝐸⃗0 is represented by 𝑂𝐾
current phasor I0 .
∴ OK = √𝑂𝐴2 + 𝑂𝐵 2
E0 = √𝑉𝑅2 + 𝑉𝐿2 = √I02 R2 + I02 XL2
E0 = I0 √R2 + XL2
The impedance of the circuit is given by
E0 I0 √R2 +X2L
Z= = ⇒ 𝑍 = √R2 + XL2
I0 I0
𝟐𝟑 𝟐𝟑
Q.13. A nucleus ne undergoes decay becomes Na. calculate the maximum kinetic
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟏
energy of electrons emitted assuming that the daughter nucleus and anti-neutrino
carry negligible kinetic energy. 2 mark
𝟐𝟑
𝐦𝐚𝐬𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐍𝐞 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟗𝟗𝟒𝟒𝟔𝟔 𝐮
𝟏𝟎
𝟐𝟑
𝐦𝐚𝐬𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐍𝐞 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟗𝟖𝟗𝟕𝟕𝟎 𝐮
𝟏𝟏
[ 𝟏𝐮 = 𝟗𝟑𝟏. 𝟓 𝐌𝐞 𝐕 / 𝒄𝟐
Ans. The Equation representing β− decay of 23
10Ne is
23 23
10Ne → 11Na + β− + v̅ + Q
Where Q is kinetic energy shared by 23 23

10Ne and 11Na
ignoring the rest mass of antineutrino (v̅) and electron.

Mass defect ∆𝑚 = 𝑚( 23 23 −
10Ne) − 𝑚( 11Na) − 𝑚(β )
= 22.994466 – 22.989770 = 0.004696 u

∴Q = 0.004696× 931MeV = 4.372Me
∴ Max. K.E. of β− = 4.372MeV when energy carried by v̅ is Zero.
Q.14. (i) A transistor has a current gain of 30. If the collector resistance is 6k and input
resistance is 1k, calculate its voltage gain. 1 marks
(ii) why is a semiconductor damaged by strong current? 1 mark

Ans. (i) Resistance gain

𝑅𝑜 6𝐾Ω
= = =6
𝑅𝑖 1𝐾Ω
Voltage gain = Current gain × Resistance gain = 30 × 6 = 180
Q.15. A convex lens of refractive index 1.5 has a focal length of 20cm in air. Calculate the
change in its immersed in water of refractive index 4/3. 2 mark
Ans. For the lens in air,
Since,
1 1 1
= (𝑎𝑈𝑔 −1 ) [ − ]
𝑓𝑎 𝑅1 𝑅2
1 1 1
⇒ = (1.5 − 1) [ − ]
20 𝑅1 𝑅2
1 1 1
⇒ − =
𝑅1 𝑅2 10
When the lens is immersed in water,
1 𝜇𝑔 1 1
Since =( − 1) [ − ]
𝑓𝑤 𝜇𝑤 𝑅1 𝑅2
1 1.5 1
⇒ =( − 1) ×
𝑓𝑤 4/3 10
1 1 1 1
Or = × =
𝑓𝑤 8 10 80
𝑓𝑤 = 80𝑐𝑚.
Q.16. A ray of light passing through an equilateral triangular glass prism from air
undergoes minimum deviation when angle of incidence is 3/4th the angle of prism.
Calculate the speed of light the prism. 2 marks
Ans. Here A = 60°

3 3
And i = 4 of A = 4 ×60 = 45°

Using prism formula, we have

𝐴 + 𝛿𝑚
𝑠𝑖𝑛(
𝜇= 2 ) = sin 𝑖 [∵ 𝑖 =
𝐴 + 𝛿𝑚
]
𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴/2 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛 2
C
But, μ= V
C sin 𝑖
∴ =
V 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴/2
3×108 sin 45°

=
V 𝑠𝑖𝑛 60° /2
3×108 sin 45° 3×108 ×𝑠𝑖𝑛 30°

⇒ 𝑣 =
V 𝑠𝑖𝑛 30° sin 45°
1
3×108 × 1
∴ 𝑉= 1
2
⇒ 𝑉 = 3×108 × 2 ×√2
√2
∴ V = 1.5×1.41×108 = 2.115 ×108 𝑚/𝑠
Q.17. The given inputs A, B are to a 2-input NAND gate. Draw the output waveform of the
gate. 2 marks
Ans. For the NAND gate, the Boolean expression is
Y = ̅̅̅̅̅ ̅+B
A. B = A ̅
For the given wave form, we have the following values for A, B and Y.
For Time 𝑡 < 𝑡1 , 𝐴 = 1, 𝐵 = 1 ∴ 𝑦 = 0 + 0 = 0
For 𝑡1 𝑡𝑜 𝑡2, 𝐴 = 0, 𝐵 = 0 ∴ 𝑦 = 1 + 1 = 1
For 𝑡2 𝑡𝑜 𝑡3, 𝐴 = 0, 𝐵 = 1 ∴ 𝑦 = 1 + 0 = 1
For 𝑡3 𝑡𝑜 𝑡4, 𝐴 = 1, 𝐵 = 0 ∴ 𝑦 = 0 + 1 = 1
For 𝑡4 𝑡𝑜 𝑡5, 𝐴 = 1, 𝐵 = 1 ∴ 𝑦 = 0 + 0 = 0
For 𝑡5 𝑡𝑜 𝑡6, 𝐴 = 0, 𝐵 = 0 ∴ 𝑦 = 1 + 1 = 1
For 𝑡7 𝑡𝑜 𝑡6, 𝐴 = 0, 𝐵 = 1 ∴ 𝑦 = 1 + 0 = 1
Thus, the wave form for output y is given by
Q.18. A transmitting antenna at the top of tower has a height of 36 m and the height of the
receiving is 49m. What is maximum distance between them, for satisfactory
communication in the loss mode? (Radius of earth = 6400 km). 2 marks
Ans. Here ℎ𝑇 = 36𝑚, ℎ𝑅 = 49 And R = 6400km = 6400000 = 64× 105 𝑚
∴ Maximum line-of-sight (LOS) distance 𝑑𝑚 between the two antennas is
𝑑𝑀 = √2𝑅ℎ𝑇 + √2𝑅ℎ𝑅
𝑑𝑀 = √2×64×105 ×36 + √2×64×105 ×36
𝑑𝑀 = 8 ×6×102 ×√2×10 + 8×7×102 ×√2×10
= 48×102 ×√20 + 56×102 ×√20
= 104×102 ×√20 = 104×102 ×2√5
= 208×√5 ×102
= 208×2.23×100 = 46384m = 46.384km.

SECTION - C
Q.19. How is a wave front defined? Using Huygens’s construction draw a figure showing
the propagation of a plane wave refracting at a plane surface separating two media.
Hence verify smell’s law of refraction. 3 marks
Ans.(i) Wave front: The continuous locus of all the particles of a medium, which are vibrating in
the same phase is called a wave front.
(ii) Snell’s law of refraction: Let PP’ represent the surface separating medium 1 and medium
2 as shown in fig.
Let V1 and V2 represents the speed of light in medium 1 and medium 2 respectively. We
assume a plane wave front AB propagating in the direction A’A incident on the interface
at an angle i. Let t be the time taken by the wave front to travel the distance BC.
∴ BC = 𝑣1 𝑡 [distance = speed ×time]
In order to determine the shape of the refracted wave front, we draw a sphere of radius
𝑣2 𝑡 from the point A in the second medium (the speed of the wave in second medium is
𝑣2 ).
Let CE Represent a tangent plane drawn from the point C. Then
AE = 𝑣2 𝑡
∴ CE would represent the refracted wave front.
In ∆ABC and ∆AEC, We have

𝐵𝐶 𝑣1 𝑡
sin i = =
𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐶
𝐴𝐸 𝑣2 𝑡
and sin r = =
𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐶
Where i and r are the angles of incident and refraction respectively.
sin 𝑖 𝑣1 𝑡 𝐴𝐶
∴ = .
sin 𝑟 𝐴𝐶 𝑣2 𝑡
sin 𝑖 𝑣1
=
sin 𝑟 𝑣2
If C represents the speed of light in vacuum, then
𝐶 𝐶
𝑛1 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛2 =
𝑣1 𝑣2
𝐶 𝐶
⇒ 𝑣1 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣2 =
𝑛1 𝑛2
When 𝑛1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛2 are the refractive indices of medium 1 and medium 2
sin 𝑖 𝑐/𝑛1 sin 𝑖 𝑛2
∴ = ⇒ = ⇒ 𝑛1 sin 𝑖 = 𝑛2 sin 𝑟
sin 𝑟 𝑐/𝑛2 sin 𝑟 𝑛1
This is the Snell’s law of refraction.
Q.20. A metallic rod length I is rotated at a constant angular speed, normal to a uniform
magnetic field B. derive an expression for the current induced in the rod, if the
resistance of the rod is R. 3 marks
Ans.

If 𝜃 is the angle traced by the free and in time t, then area swept out,
𝜃 1 2
𝐴 = 𝜋𝑙 2 × (2𝜋) = 𝑙 𝜃
2
1
Magnetic flux linked, 𝜙 = 𝐵 (2 𝑙 2 𝜃) cos 0°
1
𝜙 = 2 𝐵𝑙 2 𝜃
According to faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction,

𝑑𝜃 1 𝑑𝜃 1
Induced emf, 𝑒 = = 2 𝐵𝑙 2 = 2 𝐵𝑙 2 𝜔
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
Induced current,
1 2
𝑒 2 𝐵𝑙 𝜔 𝐵𝑙 2 𝜔
I = = = .
𝑅 𝑅 2𝑅
Q.21. Draw a circuit diagram of L.E.D what are its advantages? 3 marks
Ans. (Light Emitting Diode). These are forward biased p-n junction diode which emit
spontaneous radiations. When electrons fall from the higher to lower energy level
containing holes, the energy is released in the form of light radiations.
Advantages of L.E.D.s are:

(i) Low operational voltage and less power.
(ii) Fast action and no warm up time required.
(iii) Long Life.

Q.22. An inductor 200mH, capacitor 500 F, resistor 10 are connected in series with a
100 V. variable frequency a.c. source. Calculate the. 3 marks
(i) frequency at which the power factor of the circuit is unity
(ii) current amplitude at this frequency
(iii) Q-factor
Ans. Here L = 200 mH = 200 x 10−3 = 0.2 H
C = 500 μF = 500 x 10−6 = 5 ×10−4 F
R=10Ω and 𝐸𝑉 100 V
(i) Power factor, cos 𝜙=1 (given)
𝑅
=1
𝑍
Z=R
√𝑅 2 + (𝑋𝐿 − 𝑋𝐶 )2 = 𝑅
𝑅 2 + (𝑋𝐿 − 𝑋𝐶 )2 = 𝑅 2 ⇒ 𝑋𝐿 − 𝑋𝐶 = 0 ⇒ 𝑋𝐿 = 𝑋𝐶
1
2𝜋𝑣𝐿 =
2𝜋𝑣𝐶
4𝜋 2 𝑣 2 𝐿𝐶 = 1
1 1
∴ 𝑣= =
2𝜋√𝐿𝐶 2×3.14√0.2×5×10−4
1 100
= = = 15.92 ≈ 16Hz
2×3.14×10−2 6.28
(ii) Current amplitude at resonance
E0 √2ϵrms 1.414×100
I0 = = = = 14.14A
Z R 10

1 𝐿 1 0.2
(iii) Q-factor = √ = √
𝑅 𝐶 10 5 ×10−4
1 2 1 1 1
= √ −4
= √ −4
=
10 50×10 10 25 ×10 10×5×10−2
1 102 100
= −2
= = = 2.
10×5×10 50 50
Q.23. An air solenoid of length 0.3m, area of cross section is 1.2 x 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 𝒎𝟐and has 2500 turns.
Around its central section, a coil of 350 turns is wound. The solenoid and the coil are
electrically insulated from each other. Calculate the emf induced in the coil if the
initial current of 3A in the solenoid is reversed in 0.25s. 3 marks
Ans. N1 = 2500
N2 = 350
A = 1.2 ×10−3 𝑚2
l = 0.3m.
dl = 3-(-3)
= 3+3 = 6A
dt = 0.25s
Since Mutual inductance,
𝜇0 𝑁1 𝑁2 𝐴 4𝜋×10−7 ×2500×350×1.2×10−3
𝑀= =
𝑙 0.3
4×3.14×1.05×10−4
= = 43.96×10−4 = 4.39×10−3 H
0.3
dI
Induced 𝑒𝑚𝑓|E| = M
dt
4.39×10−3 ×6
= = 105.36×10−3 = 0.10536 V.
0.25

Q.24. State Gauss’s theorem in electrostatics. Apply this theorem to derive an expression
for electric field intensity at a point outside a uniformly charged thin spherical shell.
3 mark
Ans. Gauss’s Theorem is electrostatics: It states that the flux of electric field through any closed
1
surface 𝛿 in the vacuum is 𝜀 times the total charges enclosed by S.
0
𝑞
⃗ . 𝑑𝑠 =
∴ ϕ = ∮E
𝜀0
Electric field Intensity ⃗E is same at every point on the surface of sphere directed directly
outward.
⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑆.
Let a point P outside the shell with radius vector 𝑟 and small area element 𝑑𝑆
𝑞 𝑞
According to gauss’s law∮ ⃗E . 𝑑𝑠 = 𝜀 ⇒ ∮ EdS = 𝜀
0 0
𝑞 1 𝑞
Since ⃗E and 𝑛̂ are in the same directionE4π𝑟 2 = 𝜀 ⇒ E = 4𝜋𝜀 2
0 0𝑟
Vectorially,
1 𝑞
⃗E = 𝑟̆
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟0
Special cases
(i) At the point on the surface of the shell,
r=R
1 𝑞
∴ E=
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑅 2

(ii) If 𝜎 is the surface charge density on the shell then q = 4𝜋𝑅 2 𝜎
1 4𝜋𝑅 2 𝜎 𝜎
∴ E= =
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑅 2 𝜀0
(iii) If the points P lies inside the spherical shell then the the Gaussian surface encloses no charge
∴ q=0
Hence E =0
Q.25. An electromagnetic wave of wavelength is incident a photosensitive surface

of negligible work function. If the photo-electrons emitted from this surface have the
𝟐𝒎𝒄 𝟐
de-Broglie wavelength 𝝀𝟏 , prove that 𝝀 = ( 𝒉 ) 𝝀 . 3 marks
𝟏
Ans. The frequency of ultraviolet radiation is greater than the threshold frequency for zinc while
the frequency of red light is less than this threshold frequency. So ultraviolet radiation can
cause emission of electrons from zinc surface while red light cannot.
As the work function of the metal can be neglected, so K.E. of emitted electron = Energy of
X-ray photon.
1
mv 2 = h𝜐
2
𝑝2 ℎ𝑐 2𝑚ℎ𝑐
= 𝑜𝑟 𝑝 = √
2𝑚 𝜆 𝜆
De-Broglie wavelength of emitted electrons,

ℎ ℎ
𝜆1 = =
𝑝
√2𝑚ℎ𝑐
𝜆
ℎ𝜆 ℎ𝜆 2𝑚𝑐
Or 𝜆1 = √2𝑚𝑐 𝑜𝑟 𝜆12 = ⇒𝜆=( ) 𝜆12 .
2𝑚𝑐 ℎ
Q.26. The level diagram of an element is given below. Identify by doing necessary
calculations, which transition corresponds to the emission of a spectral line of
wavelength 102.7 nm. 3 marks
Ans. 𝜆 = 102.7𝑛𝑚 = 102.7×10−9 𝑚

The energy of the emitted photons is,
ℎ𝑐 6.626×10−34 ×3×108
𝐸= =
𝜆 102.7×10−9
19.878×10−26
= = 1.9355×10−18 J
102.7×10−9
19.878×10−18
∴ Energy corresponds =
1.6×10−19
eV = 12.097ev ∼ 12.1eV
This energy corresponds to the transition D for which the energy change = -1.5-(-13.6) =
12.1eV
Q.27. Draw a plot of the variation of amplitude versus for an amplitude modulated wave. Define
modulation index. State its importance for effective amplitude modulation. 3 marks

Ans. A plot of amplitude versus 𝜔 for an amplitude modulated wave:
Modulation index: Modulation index is the ratio of amplitude of modulating voltage (𝐴𝑚 )
and amplitude of carrier voltage (𝐴𝐶 ).
𝐴𝑚
Modulation index 𝜇 is 𝜇 = 𝐴𝐶
Importance: The amplitude modulation index (𝜇) determines the quality of the transmitted
index. When modulation index is small, variation in carrier amplitude will be small.
SECTION - D
Q.28. (a) Using Biota-Savart’s law, derive an expression for the magnetic field at the center
of a circular coil of radius R, number of turns N, carrying current.
(b) two small identical circular coils marked 1, 2 carry equal currents and are placed
with their geometric axes perpendicular to each other as shown in the figure.
Derive an expression for the resultant magnetic field at O. 5 marks
⃗⃗⃗ at the
Ans. (a) According to Biot-savart law, the magnetic field due to a current element 𝑑𝑙
observation point whose position vector 𝑟 is given by
μ0 I ⃗⃗⃗
𝑑𝑙 ×𝑟
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =
dB . 3
4𝜋 𝑟

The direction of dl is along the tangent, so dl ⊥ r. From Biot Savart law, magnetic field at
the Centre O due to this current element is
μ0 I 𝑑𝑙 sin 90∘ μ0 I 𝑑𝑙
𝑑𝐵 = =
4𝜋 𝑟2 4𝜋 𝑟 2
The magnetic field due to all such current elements will point into the plane of paper at
the Centre O. Hence the total magnetic field at the Centre O is
μ0 I 𝑑𝑙
𝐵 = ∫ 𝑑𝐵 = ∫
4𝜋 𝑟 2
μ0 I μ0 I μ0 I μ0 I
= ∫ 𝑑𝑙 = . 𝑙 = . 2𝜋𝑟 𝑜𝑟 𝐵 =
4𝜋𝑟 2 4𝜋𝑟 2 4𝜋𝑟 2 2𝑟
μ0 NI
For coil of N turns, B = .
2𝑟
(b) Magnetic field at O due to loop 1.

μ0 iR2
B1 = 3 , Acting towards left
2(x 2 + R2 ) ⁄2
Magnetic field at O due to loop 2.
μ0 iR2
B2 = 3 Acting vertically upwards
2(x 2 + R2 ) ⁄2
Here R is the radius of each loop.
Resultant field at O will be
B = √B12 + B22 = √2B1 ∵ B1 = B2
μ0 iR2
= 3⁄
√2 (x 2 + R2 ) 2
This field acts at an angle of 45∘ with the axis of loop 1.

OR
Draw a schematic of a cyclotron. Explain its underlying principle and working
stating clearly the function of the electric and magnetic fields applied ion a charged
particle
Deduce an expression for the period of revolution and show that it does not depend
on the speed of the charged particle.
Ans. Cyclotron: It is a device by which positively charged particles like protons, deuterons, etc.
can be accelerated.
Principle: A positively charged particle can be accelerated by making it to cross the same
electric field repeatedly with the help of a magnetic field.
Construction: It consists of two semi-cylindrical boxes D1 and D2 , called dees enclosed
in an evacuated chamber. The chamber is kept between the poles of a powerful magnet so
that uniform magnetic field acts perpendicular to the plane of the dees. An alternating
voltage is applied in the gap between the two dees by using a high frequency oscillator.
The electric field is zero inside the dees.

Working and theory: At a certain instant, let D1 be positive and D2 be negative. The
radius of the circular path is given by
𝑞𝑣𝐵 = m𝑣 2 /r
or r = m𝑣/qB
Period of revolution,
2𝜋𝑟 2𝜋 𝑚𝑣 2𝜋𝑚
T= = . =
𝑣 𝑣 𝑞𝐵 𝑞𝐵
1 𝑞𝐵
Frequency of revolution, 𝑓 = =
𝑇 2𝜋𝑚
Clearly frequency f is independent of both 𝑣 and r and is called cyclotron frequency. If

the frequency of applied a.c. is equal to f, then every time the proton reaches the gap
between the dees, the direction of electric field is reversed and proton receives a push and
finally it gains very high kinetic energy. The proton follows a spiral path. The accelerated
protons are deflected towards, the target.
Q.29. (a) for a ray of light travelling from a denser medium of refractive index 𝒏𝟏 to a
𝒏
rarer medium of refractive index 𝒏𝟐 , prove that 𝒏𝟐 = sin 𝒊𝒄 , where 𝒊𝒄 is the critical
𝟏
angle of incidence for the media.
(b) Explain with the help of a diagram. how the above principle is used for
transmission of video signals using optical fibers? 5 marks
Ans.(a) Relation between refractive index and critical angle: Let O be a point object in the
denser medium of refractive index (𝑛1 ). A ray incident along OA1 deviates away from
normal and is refracted along A1 B1 in the rarer medium of refractive index (𝑛2 ). It
increases with increase in the angle of incidence:
For particular value of i = C, the critical angle, the incident ray OA2 is refracted at < r =
90° and goes along A2 B2 .

Applying Snell’s Law at A2
n1 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ic = n2 sin 900 ⇒ n1 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ic = n2 ×1

n2 n2
∴ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ic = 𝑜𝑟 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ic
n1 n1
(b) Optical Fiber: Optical fiber make use the phenomenon of total internal reflection.
Optical fibers consist of many long high quality composite glass or quartz fibers. Each
fiber consists of a core and cladding. The refractive index of the material of the core is
higher than that of the cladding.
Propagation of light through an optical fiber: When light is incident at one end of the
fiber at a small angle, it suffers several total internal reflection at the glass boundary
because the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle. The intensity of the out
coming beam is almost equal to that of the incident beam.
OR
(a) What is plane polarized light? Two polaroid’s are placed at 𝟗𝟎𝟎 to each other and
the transmitted intensity is zero. What happens when one more polaroid is placed
between these two bisecting the angle between them? how will the intensity of
transmitted light vary on further rotting the polaroid?
(b) If a light beam shows no intensity variation when transmitted. Through a polaroid
which is rotated, does it mean that the light is un – polarized? explain briefly.
Ans.(a) Plane polarized light: When polarized light is passed through a tourmaline crystal
cut with its face parallel to its crystallographic axis AB. Only those vibrations of light
pass through the crystal, which are parallel to AB, all other vibrations are absorbed. The
emerged light from the Crystal is said to be plane polarized light.
If E is the amplitude of electric field component emanating-from 1st polaroid, then from
2nd polaroid at 45° .
1 E
The amplitude of electric field component is E1 = E cos 45° = E × ×
√2 √2

Again amplitude of electric field component coming from 3rd polaroid at 45° to 2nd
polaroid would be
E 1 E
E2 = E1 cos 45° = . =
√2 √2 2
= Half of E
As Intensity 𝛼E 2
1
∴ Intensity transmitted from three polaroid’s will be 4th of the intensity transmitted from
the first polaroid.
(b) No, The light which is made up of electric field components Ex, Ey with 90° phase
difference
but equal amplitudes. The tip of electric vector executes uniform circular motion at the
frequency of the light itself.
When such light is passed through a polaroid, which is rotated, the transmitted average
intensity remains constant.
Q.30. (a) Using Gauss's Law, derive an expression for the electric field intensity at anypoint
outside a uniformly charged thin spherical shell of radius R and charge density
C/𝒎𝟐 . draw the field lines when the charge density of the sphere is (i) positive, (ii)
negative.
(b) A uniformly charged conducting sphere sphere of 2.5 m in diameter has a surface
charge density of 100𝝁 C/𝒎𝟐 . calculate the
(i) charge on the sphere
(ii) total electric flux passing through the sphere. 5 marks
Ans.(a) Electric field intensity at any point outside a uniformly charged spherical shell:
Consider a thin spherical shell of radius R with Centre O. Let charge +q is uniformly
distributed over the surface of the shell.
Let P be any point on the sphere S1 with Centre O and radius r.
According to Gauss’s Law
𝑞 𝑞
∮ ⃗E. ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑑𝑠 = ⇒ ∮ ⃗E. 𝑛̂𝑑𝑠 =
𝜖0 𝜖0
𝑆 𝑆
𝑞 𝑞
∴ E ∮ 𝑑𝑠 = ⇒ E. 4π𝑟 2 =
𝜖0 𝜖0
1 𝑞
∴ E= .
4π𝜖0 r 2
At any point on the surface of the shell, r = R
1 𝑞
∴ E= .
4π𝜖0 r 2
If 𝜎 is charge density ∴ 𝑞 = 4π𝑅 2 𝜎
1 4π𝑅 2 𝜎
∴ E= .
4π𝜖0 R2
Hence
𝜎
E=
𝜖0
Electric field lines when the charged density of the sphere:
(i)
2.5
(b) Here diameter = 2.5m ∴ R = = 1.25𝑚
2

Charge density 𝜎 = 100𝜇𝑐/𝑚2 = 100×10−6 = 10−4 𝑐/𝑚2
𝑞 = 4π𝑅 2 𝜎
= 4×3.14(1.25)2 ×10−4 = 19.625×10−4
= 1.96×10−3 C
𝜎
(ii) Total ectrificx ∅𝐸 = 𝜖
0
1.96×10−13
∴ ϕ𝐸 = = 0.221×109
8.85×10−12
= 2.2×108 N𝑚2 /𝑐
OR
(a) Derive ab expression for the torque experienced by an electric dipole kept in a
uniform electric field.
(b) Calculate the work done to dissociate the system of three charged placed on the
vertices of a triangle as shown.
𝑯𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒒 = 𝟏. 𝟔×𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟎 𝑪
Ans.(a) Dipole in a uniform external field:

Consider an electric dipole consisting of two equal and opposite point charges separated
by a small distance AB = 2a having dipole moment
⃗ | = q(2a)
|P
Let the dipole held in a uniform external electric field ⃗E at an angle 𝜃.
⃗
∴ Force on charge (+q) = qE along the direction of E
⃗ along the opp. Direction of ⃗E
Force on charge (-q) = -qE
∴ The net force on the dipole is zero since ⃗E is uniform.
These force being equal, unlike and parallel form a couple, which rotates the dipole in
clockwise direction.
∴ Magnitude of torque = force × arm of couple
𝜏 = F. AC = q E A B sin 𝜃 = (𝑞 E)2𝑎 sin 𝜃
𝜏 = 𝑞(2𝑎) sin 𝜃
𝜏 = PE sin 𝜃 [∵ P = q(2a)]
∴ 𝜏 = 𝑃⃗×𝐸⃗
The direction of 𝜏 is given by the right hand screw rule and is normal to ⃗P and ⃗E.
(b) Let𝑞1 = 𝑞, 𝑞2 = −4𝑞 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑞3 = +2𝑞

and r = 10cm=0.10m
1 𝑞1 𝑞2 1 𝑞2 𝑞3 1 𝑞3 𝑞1
Total work Done = + +
4π𝜖0 𝑟 4π𝜖0 𝑟 4π𝜖0 𝑟
1
= (𝑞 𝑞 + 𝑞2 𝑞3 + 𝑞3 𝑞1 )
4π𝜖0 𝑟 1 2
1
= [(𝑞)(−4𝑞) + (−4𝑞) (+2𝑞) + (+2𝑞)(𝑞)]
4π𝜖0 𝑟
1
= [−4𝑞 2 − 8 𝑞 2 + 2𝑞 2 ]
4π𝜖0 𝑟
1
= (−10𝑞 2 )
4π𝜖0 𝑟

−10×(1.6×10−10 )2
= 9×109 ×
0.10
9×109 ×10×2.56×10−20 ×100
=
10
= −23.04×10−9 = −2.304×10−8 J.

Physics 2008 Solved Paper Delhi

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Physics 2008 Solved Paper Delhi

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Perfect solution to all problems

Tips, Tricks, General Knowledge, Current Affairs, Latest Sample,

CBSE 12th Physics 2008 Solved Paper

Pack of two pdf files, purchased from www.4ono.com

com CBSE 12th Physics 2008 Solved Paper

Ans. Microwave (Range 0.1m to 10−3 𝑚)

∵ An electron and Alpha particle have the same de-Broglie wavelength

Download More @ www.4ono.com

Ans. Zero [∵ 𝑤 = 𝑞(𝑉𝐵 − 𝑉𝐴 ) 𝑎𝑠 𝑉𝐴 = 𝑉𝐶 ]

Ans. (i) Heavy water does not observe neutron.

Download More @ www.4ono.com

For a faraway point, r> >a

Download More @ www.4ono.com

Q.11. The oscillating magnetic field in a plane electromagnetic wave is given by

Ans. Given equation is

𝐵𝑦 = (8×10−6 ) sin[2 ×1011 𝑡 + 300𝜋𝑥]T

(i) Wavelength of the electromagnetic wave 𝜆 = 0.0067𝑚 𝑜𝑟 .67𝑐𝑚

(ii) 𝐸0 = 𝐶𝐵0 = 3 ×108 ×8 ×10−6

∴ The required expression for the oscillating electric field is

= 2400sin (300𝜋𝑥 + 2×1011 𝑡) v/m.

Download More @ www.4ono.com

The maximum voltage across R is

Download More @ www.4ono.com

The vector sum of V ⃗ R and V ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ making an angle ∅ with

E0 = √𝑉𝑅2 + 𝑉𝐿2 = √I02 R2 + I02 XL2

The impedance of the circuit is given by

Where Q is kinetic energy shared by 23 23

ignoring the rest mass of antineutrino (v̅) and electron.

= 22.994466 – 22.989770 = 0.004696 u

Download More @ www.4ono.com

Ans. (i) Resistance gain

Ans. Here A = 60°

Download More @ www.4ono.com

Using prism formula, we have

3×108 sin 45°

3×108 sin 45° 3×108 ×𝑠𝑖𝑛 30°

∴ V = 1.5×1.41×108 = 2.115 ×108 𝑚/𝑠

Ans. For the NAND gate, the Boolean expression is

For Time 𝑡 < 𝑡1 , 𝐴 = 1, 𝐵 = 1 ∴ 𝑦 = 0 + 0 = 0

Thus, the wave form for output y is given by

Ans. Here ℎ𝑇 = 36𝑚, ℎ𝑅 = 49 And R = 6400km = 6400000 = 64× 105 𝑚

∴ Maximum line-of-sight (LOS) distance 𝑑𝑚 between the two antennas is

𝑑𝑀 = √2×64×105 ×36 + √2×64×105 ×36

𝑑𝑀 = 8 ×6×102 ×√2×10 + 8×7×102 ×√2×10

= 48×102 ×√20 + 56×102 ×√20

= 104×102 ×√20 = 104×102 ×2√5

= 208×2.23×100 = 46384m = 46.384km.

Download More @ www.4ono.com

∴ BC = 𝑣1 𝑡 [distance = speed ×time]

∴ CE would represent the refracted wave front.

In ∆ABC and ∆AEC, We have

Download More @ www.4ono.com

According to faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction,

Advantages of L.E.D.s are:

Download More @ www.4ono.com

(ii) Current amplitude at resonance

Download More @ www.4ono.com

Download More @ www.4ono.com

Download More @ www.4ono.com

(ii) If 𝜎 is the surface charge density on the shell then q = 4𝜋𝑅 2 𝜎

Q.25. An electromagnetic wave of wavelength is incident a photosensitive surface

De-Broglie wavelength of emitted electrons,

Ans. 𝜆 = 102.7𝑛𝑚 = 102.7×10−9 𝑚

Download More @ www.4ono.com