UNCORRECTED PROOF A. Kumar et al. Remote UNCORRECTED Sensing ofPROOF Environment xxx (2017) xxx-xxx space A. Kumar borne et al. observations are also essential in formulating the 2. Site, instrumentation and data reliable Remote UNCORRECTED current Sensing and ofPROOF future predictions Environment xxx (2017) (Ramachandran xxx-xxx and 2.1. Site description Contents Kedia, Opérationnel A. 2013). Kumar et al. lists available Moreover, at it ScienceDirect is de Normalisation Satellitaire (PHOTONS) and important that any artefacts or in- Manora NASA Fire peak (29.36° N,for Information 79.46°E, Resource 1939 m amsl) is a Management high alti- System Remote consistencies greatly Remoteexpanded Sensing Sensing associatedof ofby Environment networks Environment with theoretical and xxx collaborators (2017) or operational xxx-xxx from national exacti- (FIRMS) tude regional database representative which is produced site in theusing central theHimalayas most lo- UNCORRECTED PROOF journal tudes agencies, tions in homepage: and thethe aerosol institutes, aerosoland www.elsevier.com measurements transport other partners are (Draxler (Holben to be and Hess, checkedet 1997, al., 1998).and un- 1998; (between cated near up-to-date−algorithms the city 35 and − 100), of Nainital in thethe formin the state of monthly presence of Uttarakhand of 5files or more containing valid ver- the A. Kumar et al. derstood. The Stein program et al., provides 2015). a long-term database of globally distrib- (Solanki geographic tical profiles and Singh, location, up to 4.5 2014; date, km Solanki brightness altitudes et within al., 2016). temperature, the The horizontal study updated dis- us- fire Remote Sensing ofPROOF UNCORRECTED Environment xxx (2017) xxx-xxx Past studies have emphasized that andsatellites uted observations of AERONET aerosol optical, microphysical arebased theand best tool radiative radia- ing tance ground of ~power and 100 kmsatellite (FRP), fromprofiles based fire the site,measurements type and and the the confidence availability over the levels of sitefor 3. A. Methodology measurements Kumar et al. from the ground LiDAR, backscatter coefficient (CALIPSO level-1B). Incoinci- WCT for broader understanding of aerosol parameters on a global amidst each fireundulating pixel detected topography the in by function theisfree Terra and tropospheric Aqua condi- tive 3.1. about Remote UNCORRECTED properties. Selection 95% Sensing of the AERONET criteriaofdata for sets Environment PROOF measurements evaluation were so of xxxchosen satellite (2017) are that considered xxx-xxx the diurnalto be method, products dent AERONET the Haar measurements wavelet within ± 30 applied min toMODIS of the the total sen- closest scale, the Along groundhowever, withet truth satellite due to itsmeasurements worldwide use possess and some acceptability uncer- in tions sors. CALIPSO can The be of confidence ground track. great relevance. estimate is This expressed pristine insite is percentage surrounded and variations inthe AOD intermittent and AE (440–870 observations nm)made fall in using the limits LiDAR of aerosol backscatter coefficient profile, al., A. Kumar 1999): al. (vii) Standard error of mean (SEM) = and its first maxima tainties, the0.05 validation especially, and respectively at the bias corrections local scale which of theetsatellite can be quantified retrievals by is the classified For thethe Himalayan period as 0%–29% October mountain for ranges low, 2006–December 30%–79% and towards for its nominal, South and is systems, ± Remoteand the± collocated Sensing 0.2, ofPROOFEnvironment AERONET xxxmeasurements (Amiridis (2017)al., 2011). xxx-xxx were Such also a where sharpest decrease in the total 2014, aerosol 54backscatter good cases UNCORRECTED through (Bréon available et their al., for assessment 2011; the period Bibi et of with al., 2008–2012. the ground 2015; Bilal The et basedal., AERONET measure- 2016). obser- (6) the 80%–100% of AOD Indo-Gangetic for measurements high plains fire-events both(known from as (Giglio theBL Tarai).et MODIS al., During 2003; Terra the Giglio, past two bound Evaluation each A. Kumar is employed instance. etand al. Owingutilization to ensure to the of MODIS that the large and spatial intrusion CALIPSO coverage, of aerosol aerosol the MODIS from retrievalscoefficient samples over aoccurs which complex is taken remained terrain upin unchanged asHimalaya the (e.g. height clear air –DB (Baars et clear C6.0 al.,air, ments In the locations (Kokhanovsky present study, et thethe al., quality2007; Hersey assured andet al., well 2015). – each calibrated, In this decades, 2005). and , and industrialization is the measure has of the grown variability up rapidly associated in these with Tarai esti- vation other Ashish retrieved Remote UNCORRECTED where, were Kumar AOD Sensing made a, is may ,from b, ⁎almost ofPROOFget influenced Environment site in insignificant two xxx due phases and to the (2017) thexxx-xxxaerosol presence during of small 2008). loading cloudCALIPSO - The cloud) (within 100 implementation divided by the km)oftotal were WCT number identified, method of issamples and theex- described sameusing context, level-2 it is important AERONET data that sets the are satellite used based that include latestautomatic release of portions were mating utilized(Kazuo, a in mean. their2014) and inter-comparison. the pollutants The are being selection trans- procedure April remains Narendra clouds, 2008–February nearly Singh geographical the a same2011 , information locations (Nainital during day etc. station) and types, night andover August the site. two pressed equations 2.5. CALIPSO inver. (Gamage percentage, products and Hagelberg, and iscorrelated found to be 1993; Brooks, 2003): Together with the on feature the CALIPSO with94.64% whenAOD a total and di- CALIPSO 4.10 is highly AERONET aerosol cloud products screening are utilize and to be examined, the tools such fromas time 1-min to time stability, ported 4. is Results based to on the andthesite quite often discussion screening and (Ojha et al., coincidence 2012; Sarangi constraints, et al., and the 2011–March The Anshumali VFM LiDAR product b,AOD 2012 in (ARM_Nainital LR retrieval station). process has Out been of the computeddatasets CALIPSO of 437 day and was and having launched night-time in highprofiles April %EE (~were 2006 under taken a joint into account. mission for ver. The of withalso provides the breakdown of scale the atmospheric at finer spa- (R 4.1.2. UNCORRECTED Inter-comparison PROOF oftruth CALIPSO versions ~ 0.92) 86.95) whereas 3 it corrected urnal stability, the smoothness ground tests on etc. a regional The day-time measure- 2014). 4.1. sequence NASA Therefore, Evaluation and isthe as of the follows: French satellitesite space hasaerosol a great agency, advantage retrievals Centre –National MODIS to study andthe(3) d'Etudes using collected Ramanincluding layers the relation: during the Solanki c above feature period, common sub-types of days aerosols of reliableand mea- turned clouds level ofout disagreement to be relatively between ver. 3 and(R low correlation ver. 4.10 iswith ~ 0.76) ~ 1% EE CALIPSO A. tial Kumar resolutions. et mission al. Nevertheless, announced the release while dealing ofwith ver.the 4.10 data aerosol continental CALIPSO as well Itasislong range with transport ofwavelength the pollutants, a τλAryabhatta ,ment surementsand of τcolumnar λ2 arewith the best Research aerosol AOD temporal valuesparameters Institute atofwavelengths match at wavelengths were Observational selected. λ1 and Based Sciences λ2. on between (ARIES),• Spatiales To Manora account (CNES). peak, for the equipped Nainital, best temporalIndia match a dual between the (550 (Omar product Remote 1 eton al., Sensing8 2009). November ofPROOF For algorithms, Environment the 2016 same and, xxxperiod, init (2017) comparison thexxx-xxxaerosol to the higher value in the night-time and, of ~ 56.52%. The evaluation of the two versions has re- profiles as compared to the day-time optical UNCORRECTED 440 Similar andproduct 870 analogy nmretrieval isusing used the to makecollocated the is quite AERONET comparison common sun toearlier photome- make and additionally (1)4.1.1. Assessment it provides of MODIS thecollections background with values coincident of the the b Indian sub-typesLiDAR profiles Institute were of the investigated selected Technology over data (Indian the were definedSchoolfurther ofofscreened region. CALIPSO Mines), The VFM for and Dhanbad, profiles vealed 1064 CALIPSOIndia (refer that nm) theand polarization MODIS satellite Supplementary CALIPSO LiDAR ver. data 4.10 system overpasses, Table S1 is significantly referredand only S2).as theCloud improved day-time ver. some A. ter 3, Kumar system, the priori etquality assumptions areal. in utilized ver. with4.10 in the the release retrieval coincident is enhanced processes night-time with that LiDAR the some- in- aerosol AERONET parameters. measurements Further details of the site, variations in for (532 clear c National nm) sky with conditions. AERONET. Astronomical In this In Research all process the wavelength the Institute usable of conversions, datasets Thailand turned and (NARIT), it and It Aerosol Chiang CALIPSO is observed Mai, LiDARThailand profiles that with about were Orthogonal 6% considered of the Polarization ‘cloud’ where in the ver. (CALIOP) time3 is difference con- product where, clusion z ver. of =the 4.10 height updated identifies at whichdigital the the seven LiDAR elevation major system map aerosol (DEM) is sub-types installed, from Cloud- enhanced version, particularly over the region of this time Remote UNCORRECTED may observations. is assumed Sensing 0 lead that to The the of the Environment PROOF erroneous AERONET errors introduced results xxx provides (2017) and werethe high incorrect xxx-xxx negligible. conclu- quality data on In meteorology order tothe make and synoptic-wind an assessment patterns of MODIS cancollections be found else- (C5.1 (4) out Article based zsions. toheight 1 = and Sat be Info on One 37, the at high-quality such and geographical which considered assumptioncomplete MERRA-2 for location, is the overlap product the analysis. Abstract surface unknown occurs (Vaughan elevation, (150et aerosol m,al., LR300surface m providing 2016). value verted study.between to ‘tropospheric two long term observations database aerosols’, is within of and global 3ah. fewaerosol ‘cloud’vertical or ‘aerosol pro- A. Kumar a wider scale et al.across the where and C6.0),(Ojha four et al., cases 2014; on Singh spatial etand al., 2016). temporal The data comparisons sources In 3.5. type,order Keywords: mto Performance attenuated match Aerosols; with theglobe, CALIPSO; parameters backscatter, above soidentified color The the methodologies ratio study and 37 days, elucidate the volume the adopted upon selec- depo- files • For(Winker the evaluation of et al., converted satellite 2009 ofretrievals and to 2010). with ‘surface’ The CALIOP ground based laser aerosol trans- and In of Remote in the 90 going any Mie fromconsidered Sensing present LiDAR CALIPSO work system ofPROOF for Environment can be the ver.whose 3three utilized to ver. LiDAR wrong xxx by 4.10, (2017) the systems, major selection larger xxx-xxx code may science respec- and produce com- al- 4.1.4. layers’ used were in Comparison (~ 4%) MODIS, the considered. present are the averaged In study the MODIS firstare AOD two Terra described cases, (C6.0 values in the inDB) (550 the ver.nm) average and4.10. subsequent CALIPSO withof Further- quality MODIS UNCORRECTED tion AOD; ofAERONET; MODIS data sets MODIS; is done Li-different on the optical basis depth of closest (AOD) over- measurements, mitter3is theira=diode-pumped utilization in LiDAR Nd:YAG ratio laser (LR) that emitstranslation estimation, simultane- To gorithmevaluate larization tively), and ratio. z the modifications = performance These upper seven height were of the limit implemented, aerosol aerosol considered e.g. retrievals sub-types for improvedthe from columnarin data ver. where, (ver. more, flag ~ 3, a10% and dilation 4.10) measured of the parameter features within 30 that km(scale); ×were30 b‘totally km = vertical from attenuated’ the site were (‘no uncertainty munity. A. Kumar et inal.the calculation of aerosol extinction coefficients AOD 2 sub-sections. within 20 km × 20atkm from the study site are compared pass DAR; MODIS 4.10 AOD to LR; are the and- retrievals site Radiosonde; clean and CALIPSO/CALIOP marine, (assumed the Dust; availability dust, as 4.5 ofabove boundary satellite polluted km AERONETproducts,layer (BL) continental/smoke, ground data the level). during height followingCon- ous determination i.e. Previous co-aligned altitude and at sub-sections pulses which the case the 532 studies wavelet have andfunction revealed on1064 aerosol that nm. isthe The transport centered; AOD laser β values gener- over pro- filtering and AOD strategies, values. changes Likewise, in the the calibration aerosol retrieval algorithms algorithms for signal’) 2.2. considered. LiDAR due to opaque observations clouds, aerosols, and/or stratospheric total, 2.4. Remote UNCORRECTED statistical clean MODIS the overpass. Smoke Sensing products parameters continental, TheofPROOF Environment details polluted were on theof computed dust, xxx number Himalayan elevated (2017) on of Nsmoke xxx-xxx spatially region. coincident and and The data dusty tem- AOD ma- with ates retrievals vided ′ the (z) optical = by average from CALIPSO MODIS pulsesthe AOD of ~from latest level-1B Terra 20 level-2 C6.0 ns AERONET total DB long data with aerosol and within 110 collections CALIPSO mJ(a) backscatter of±energy (C5.1 ver. 30 minatand and coeffi- 4.10 are sidering both 532 the uniform distribution aerosols between z to z , it • layers inthe ver. 3 are classified as ‘clear air’/‘aerosol’/‘cloud’ orin isnm andEarth 1064 nm, and such the revised probability based on satellite dataobserving demand assumptions regarding0density 1 532 During period from 2006 to 2014, three Mie LiDAR MODIS A. Kumar porally a key et coincident al. data sets (N) instrument obtained as launched a result are aboardgiven (b) of both For ± the Punjab CALIPSO, 15 min,and wavelengths. and the Haryana, in the average The latter before of two receiver the sowingcases,column thethe sub-systems AOD seeds,average values ofsystems generally, measures the sets: rine (Vaughan thatet al., 2016). In C6.0) comparison of MODerate to the aerosol resolution of betterImaging cients as Spectroradiometer the agreements function with of altitude; the (MODIS) ground W (a, ftruth,onboard b) = wavelet Aqua and covariance is assumed functions aerosol (PDFs) optical forin the properties CAD three e. g.LiDAR algorithm. single systems, To investigate scattering the maximum onthe albedo 18changes(SSA) as at ‘surface’ Manora peak in clear ver.were 4.10. utilizedThis may for the be duetherefore, vertical to the profiling changeswith this ofproduct atmos-in NASA's Remote UNCORRECTED in (i) Table Terra Sensing 2. To (MOD) achieve of and Environment PROOF a Aqua valid (MYD) xxx comparison Terra3, (2017)satellites xxx-xxx between satellites andthat AOD Decem- val- Cloud-Aerosol MODIS (532 fertilize backscattered transform LiDAR nm) and/or AOD reported asand within signal Infrared 30 in their CALIPSO km intensity × fields ofPathfinder 30 atbykm level-2 1064burning are nm Satellite aerosol comparedthe and the Observations layer residues/leftover with two the av- sub-type 7.5%, in the Mean15% vertical classifications and bias 5% of error features the (MBE) defined provided AOD in = values,byver. two it2007; is found respectively CALIPSO are versions, the con-an background, the ita will function be interesting scale and translation; to inter-compare these satel- and ber refractive 1999 and index al.4from MayMODIS (Kokhanovsky 2002 respectively et al., (Savtchenko Wang et et al.,al., pheric strawsis layer used. of detection aerosols The last inAERONET selection cropping. schemes the free criteria Past between troposphere. studies set (c) for ver. have±theThe 3AOD 30reported and firstand ver. system is: CAD that4.10. was >score 65%In A. uesKumar measured nomenclatures fined within etthe for two respective sub-types and AERONET overlap (CALIPSO) wereregions. re-defined instruments, versions and (4.10 one a ad- anderage lite areAOD backscattered 3) products subjected from as orthogonal well for(Kittaka quantitative within polarization et al., analysis 2011; componentstomin Redemann assessat (d) the et532 al., nm analysis 2011). is Hence, performed the rigorous by extracting assessment the feature of these classification products is addition, operated the detection of extra surfaces in ver. 4.10 primarily 2004). Table Remote well-known UNCORRECTED ditional 3.3. Terra's 4Confusion Sensing BL sub-type height orbit spatio-temporal ofPROOF is estimation around matrix Environment included the showing Earth averaging in productxxxtheis level ‘Aerosol (2017)so timed technique of ver. agreementxxx-xxx 4.10. that sub-type’ is The it passes adopted with change expressed the quality of ± (between (Winker 2012; thein 15 minannual assured Bibi etduring percentage, ofet − al.,the 352009 level-2 al., 2006–2008 to − fire-events closest 2015). asand 100), ground occurring obtained Terra/Aqua 2010; The (Hegde Extinction based from Hunt CALIPSO in et437 QC overpass et AErosol al.,day these al., ver. 2009), 532 areas 2009). flagand and occurrences. RObotic 4.10 is most (0 or come night-timethe NET- 1), from sec- recent col- CALIPSO VFM p flag (FCF) of each detected layer from the VFM files for the happened due to the increase in the DEM resolution from 30 essential from North sification, is the for etusing studies measure to South ver. 3across on of aerosol and theoverall distribution. bias thecolumns Equator error and (descending representing the values node) the > 0 in- in From toclassification is ond At the umn agriculture Haar system optical using present, the wavelet between based ver. the statistics depth 4.10. function, 2010 onuncertainty burnings researchers the and and described the (between mainly worldwide, mid as of during are a 2011 symmetrical 0utilizing and (Bangia 0.5the March–May × AOD), et andto al., (Ichoku A. in The Kumar the CALIPSO et BLnomenclatures height al., al.2002) transacts is an andfrommultiple important within ‘polluted the metrics work meteorological defined continental’ wereparameter (AERONET) geographical utilized andmeasurements ‘smoke’ region quan- that of product 15 over arc sec. Manora being explored peak onfour (29.36° the spatio-temporal N, regional79.46°E), scale, a high combinations, particularly, altitudeover Furthermore, the DAY dicate morning, + NIGHT the overestimation, while regional Aqua climate, passeswhereas Southparticularly, the tovalues Aerosol North along <over sub-type, 0 repre- the the ver slopes Equa- square 2011).CALIOP 4.10October–December wave The initial with third system positive LR to = final (Singh named and LR, and negative as LiDAR surface Panigrahy, going for elevation 2011; amplitudes; Atmospheric>Vijayakumar 1200with m,zal- tify Remote the results. Sensing TakingofPROOF into Environment account xxx site the (2017) informean the MODIS xxx-xxx Himalayas. AOD Analysisval- CALIPSO as given revealed inproducts Table that the2,AOD case a great from(c) is extent the found latest intoorder perform MODIS to understand better Terra C6.0 the t UNCORRECTED determines in ver. 28.86°–29.86° 3 to ‘polluted the N extent and to which continental/smoke’ 78.96°–79.96° the dispersion E and the ‘elevated of period pollutants,of smoke’, August Himalayan To illustrate region. some Hence, of the majorto assess changes the improvements in the vertical ′ re- features of the tor sentmountain (ascending underestimation regions, node) in the isofbeing the afternoon. greatly satellite MODIS affected retrieved due satellite AODs topasses the with and Measurement and z are the the horizontal top and and Probing Polluted bottom averaging (LAMP) altitudes continental/≤ 80 iskm an of β upgraded (Young Clean and (z). version Vaughan, of Elev kmetimpact al., 2016). ofthe aerosol Considering and cloud the on factthethat Earth's both the radiation states have budget. b total, 532 ues study A. within Kumar have et20 inkm been al. ×take 20 km provided and bytothe 30 km GMAO deep ×blue 30 at kmNASA (DB) grid 30 and Goddard km × 30for most and VFMall CALIPSO metrics ver. in4.10 good agreement Vertical (overpass feature within as compared ~ mask100 kmused to dis- other heat 2006–April Fig. 3. deleterious over and respectively the the moisture CALIPSO ground study 2017. ver. anthropogenic The truth. region 4.10 (ver. twice3place, are vertical and and overcome feature 4.10) interventions. a day is and very Not type, derived Theuseful the determined specifically,with aerosol aparameter misclassification preliminary confidenceClean sub-types Terra as-marine forported between For the (a) 12inone Dust retrieval first 2009; Mayver. the Vaughan 4.10 CALIPSO 2016, of and BLwas over 07:39 height smoke et made al., the versions, UTC with 2016). established (~ four high operational 13:09 degree and typical widely of transacts h continental since LT), (b) 24 accuracy October on April using 2011 26 Polluted dust 2015, smo AERONET Space Flight AOD Center. averaged The overstudies authors ±xxx 30 (2017) min gratefully tance) and ± a 15 acknowledge min, vari- the strong The three w.r.t.agricultural CALIPSO/CALIOP cases. (Rh ≥ Since, base MODIS with (ver. >3 Terra 60% and with are of 4.10) showsrespectagricultural aerosol high to lands, products correlation the (R in- Remote weather, observed 07:38 level sessment ofUTCatSensing climate under (~climate least of 13:08 of Environment and certain ‘medium’ h pollution change circumstances LT), (c)with i.e. 50 09 ≤impact September | CAD asare (Monks score studies in xxx-xxx reported et 2006, very al.,70 |while < on in20:30good 2009). earlier for UTC tempera- agreement In (~ CALIPSO March the 02:00 WCT 2015, ver. LT), method, 0.9) 013, and with both December it (d) is that29 from the essential versions 2007, April coincident 2016, that08 August the20:34 AERONET compared dilation, 2013, UTC ‘a’ with (~ and mea- 02:04 should MODIS 08much hJune be LT), for (ii) crosses Aerosol Average between sub-type, error 10:00–11:00 ratio (AER) h local = surements time (LT), Aqua be- (Solanki 3.2. formation used ~ 0.90) LR in et this and al., estimations may study high 2013; be useful are: %EE Solanki (~Thein62) the and presentSingh, inofcomparison 2014). context to ofLAMP Aqua increased is (R retrieval ~ 0.75, data ous Hegde, this studies from cases context,P., (PowellLANCE on Pant, an P.,FIRMS spatio-temporal accurate et al., Bhavani 2009; operated combinations Kumar, determination Adams byNilY.,the of2009. NASA/GSFC/Earth BL were AnThe height, averaged examined integrated usingover the Appendix dif- AOD Remer, span as of B. ±given L.A., 30 Supplementary et by min. al., Fig. 2002. 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Nil July 2014; ver. 2002 3, UCOST as forthe Aquaobserved Nil and enhancement acousto-optic very aerosol in 36 References The difficult 75.50% type vertical to of aerosol in the modulator estimate 0.65% profiles. feature for the Basically, andretrievals detection Q-switching correct the sources it BLis (Fig. have and height, the 2a–c) 0.13% ratio been highandof as quality assignedat aerosolcompared extremely opti-23.43% ex- using 0.29 for providing columnar malayas. Atmos. the of necessary Sci.aerosol | Lett. | data. 10, ≤ 48–57.NOAA which Air Resources lacks https://doi.org/10.1002/ Labora- informa- able ■ the to Remer, collection CALIPSO L.A., etofal., Terra ver. 2005.3. It indicates TheHimalayas. MODIS out that ofaerosol C5.1 the AOD DT, C6.0 DTprod- algorithm, retrievals and interest. rine USERC, ror and aerosols From 2012). the areManoraEE. AER contaminated However, peak there site,1 isthe with are the gested radiosonde dust a good very their and match, limited launches synergic anthropogenic and studies use fo- for aerosol to Level-2 ver.3. characterization products: Surface detection over is typically higher In comparison in ver. 4.10 toasfrom in ver. spectral 4.10bands are explained between Polluted 0.4 by constructing and 14.4 μm. a The confusion acquired matrix MODISthe as cal high tinction assemblies. dilation ground coefficient value, andProspero, Table the 1 (αaer) based satellite BLsummarizes and heightthe becomes aerosol measurements the major too backscatter differences high as mentioned or some- coefficient in tory tion asl.209. were are of also aerosol conducted >be thankful 1vertical four times forathe distribution, providing dayofduring thea match.the2011–2012 rather ver. provision 3, important CALIPSO for (Singhrunning parame- ver. et C6.0 4.10 Adams, CALIPSO ucts, is found DB. and A.M., validation. to ver. have 4.10 can undergoneJ. Atmos. J.M., be used Zhang, Sci.in 62, substantial synergyC., 2012. 947–973. changes, withCALIPSO-de- MODIS https://doi.org/ and their Terra given|are pollution. cusing data AER inon the | Table the available long represents term 3. Theimpacts continental in the overallpoor hierarchy agreement of Nil aerosols levels In on case between (level-1 Himalayan of to Nilsatellite ver. 4) 3 and -time compared among (β the Inaer 0.39% ) may Aerosol that previous order all to the even is toover ver. profile linkedthree get paragraphs. achieve 65.24% 3, and versions missed. (temporal to the the reasonable the same of Therefore,LiDAR resolution: regional Further isconfirm aerosol to evident systems. the 5.92 1.40% BL inheight s, characteristics the the All vertical figure. transport LiDAR estimated and like of 25.51% Itsys- is spa-the 7.46 the ter Hersey, al., To HYSPLIT to quantify 2016), data, understand S.P., so AER transport aerosol Garland, taking< the 0 this represents changes and effects R.M., an dispersion inunderestimation advantage, over the Crosbie, long the model atmosphere. E., regionand term Shingler, used considering Inthe inter-comparison specifiedof in this T., this mea- here, con- the man-the in rived C6.0 the gridthree-dimensional 10.1175/JAS3385.1. DB, 28.86°-29.86° this region. 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