The measurement of the benefits of the environmental goods is relevant in the

analysis cost - benefit to decide on policies that they should concern the
conservation or the deterioration of these goods. There exist diverse
methodological approaches that can be in use for measuring up the social benefits
of the natural goods or of the environment. The most popular are the cost of the
displacement, the prices hedónicos and the valuation fixes quotas. The first two
are indirect approximations or of market in the sense q there uses information of
the behavior observed of the individuals in the consumption of some good of
market related to the common good q it wants to be valued. These indirect
methods it has scanty flexibility due to the fact that only they allow to calculate the
benefits of environmental attributes.

ftp://ftp.funep.es/InvEcon/paperArchive/Ene1995/v19i1a4.pdf

c
 
 
  

 


  
 
  !
 THE METHOD OF VALUATION FIXES QUOTAS
The natural spaces fulfill the whole series of functions, since they are recreative
and environmental, that concern the well-being of the persons. They are
environmental assets that the company wants to preserve since they provide
usefulness so much to the inhabitants of the rural company where they are
immersed as to the inhabitants of the urban way who use them. In addition, they
have own characteristics of the common goods (not exclusion and not rivalry in the
consumption) and of the resources of free access, for what they lack a market
where to be exchanged and, in consequence, also they lack Price. The absence of
valuation of these resources can lead to his overexploitation or inadequate use and
to which stop fulfilling the social functions before mentioned.

Nowadays the vision is widespread enough that the markets are the most effective
and efficient institutions to assign the scanty resources, nevertheless, we know that
in presence of externalidades, the markets do not produce socially efficient
assignments, For the company, the environmental challenge consists of finding the
ideal levels of pollution, which arise of comparing the benefits that there derives the
company of the activities that generate pollution with the social costs that the
pollution generates.

Under the general limits of the process of globalization of the economy, it was
seeming to be that the sustainable development was reflecting an ideological
Utopia of ecologists and environmentalists; being alone possibly with the radical
change of the economic world models, On the other hand, the above mentioned
situation does not seem to be very probable under the "explicit" control of the
World Bank and the International Monetary Fund supported by the trend of
globalization of the neoliberal model and the economic powers about the planet.

Bearing this situation in mind there does not turn out to be completely equivocal
the incorporation of the goods and environmental services inside the world market,
in the search of a sustentabilidad of the stock of natural renewable and not
renewable resources, the economic valuation of the natural resources is important
in the search of the sustainable development, in economic terms the user of the
natural resources will tend not to treat it as a free good; this owed, to that his aim
will be the maintenance of the flow of benefits from the goods and services
proveídos for them.

c
 
 
  

 


  
 
  !
The degradation of the environment and of the natural resources, known also by
down the name of goods and environmental services, can be caused by an
excessive economic development or by an economic insufficient development. The
growth of the population, the extension of the human accessions and the
industrialization the most important physicist - native provoke increasing pollution
in the factors for the survival of the alive species. These problems are the result of
an inadequate development and part of his solution he is in an economic planned
well growth, the economic growth for if same, frequently it causes degradation of
the environment and of the natural resources. The matter is not to choose between
development and environment, but to propose to incorporate measures of cost -
efficiency to restore, to sustain and to protect the natural systems.

In agreement with the previous thing it is important the measurement of the

benefits of the environmental goods is relevant in the analysis cost - benefit to
decide on policies that they should concern the conservation or the deterioration of
these goods. There exist diverse methodological approaches that can be in use for
measuring up the social benefits of the natural goods or of the environment. The
most popular are the cost of the displacement, the prices hedónicos and the
valuation fixes quotas. The first two are indirect approximations or of market in the
sense q there uses information of the behavior observed of the individuals in the
consumption of some good of market related to the common good q it wants to be
valued.

The method of the valuation fixes quotas one of the technologies is often the only
one that we have to estimate the value of goods (products or services) for that it
does not exist bought. It is extraordinarily simple in his intuitive comprehension: it is
a question of simulating a market by means of survey to the potential consumers.
One asks them about the maximum quantity of money that they would pay for the
good if they had to compare it, since they do with other godos, of there there is
deduced the value that for the average consumer has the good in question.

The application of the method of valuation fixes quotas it is habitual in countries as

close conditions and in the countries of the center and Europa's north, his
introduction in the Mediterranean and Spanish-speaking countries has been late,
but few realized studies show a great potential for the application of the above
mentioned method.

c
 
 
  

 


  
 
  !
In the method of valuation quota, the questionnaires play the paper of a
hypothetical market, where the offer comes represented by the person interviewer
and the demand for the interviewed one. Numerous variants exist in the
formulation of the question that must obtain a price for this good without royal
market, a typical procedure is the following one: The person interviewer asks if the
maximum disposition to pay serious equal, top or low than a certain number of
weight. In case of obtaining "low" for response, it is possible to repeat the question
diminishing the starting price. Finally, there is in the habit of wondering serious
which the maximum price that he would pay for the good, bearing response in mind
his previous.

The interviewed person is in a situation similar to the one that every day is on the
market: To buy or not a certain quantity of a good to a given price. The
fundamental difference is, naturally, that in this occasion the market is hypothetical
and, therefore there are exceptions, do not have to pay the quantity that it reveals.

c
 
 
  

 


  
 
  !