EE 442-642

Electric Utility Applications

17-1
HVDC Transmission

17-2
 HVDC Poles

3 2 3Ls
Vd 1  Vd 2  VLL cos   Id ,
 
Pd 1  1.35VLL I d cos  , Qd 1  1.35VLL I d sin 
17-3
HVDC Transmission: 12-Pulse Idealized Waveforms

17-4
HVDC Transmission: Inverter Mode

17-5
 Control of HVDC Transmission System

VdA  VdB 3 2 3Ls

Id  VdB  VLL cos   Id ,
Rdc  
Minimize Id to reduce I2Rdc losses → operate a minimum extinction angle γ
17-6
HVDC Transmission: DC-Side Filters
Tuned for the lowest (12th harmonic) frequency

17-7
 HVDC Transmission: AC-Side Filters
Tuned for the lowest (11th and the 13th harmonic) frequencies

17-8
Effect of Active and Reactive Current on Voltage Magnitude

17-9
 VAR Control: Thyristor-Controlled Inductor (TCI)
Vs
I L  I L1 
L

Vs  2  2  sin(2 ) 
I L1   ,
L   
V
Leff  s
I L1

Vs2
Q  Vs I L1 
Leff
Increasing the delay angle reduces the reactive power drawn by the TCI.
17-10
 Thyristor-Switched Capacitors (TSCs)

Transient current at switching must be minimized

17-11
 Instantaneous VAR Controller (SATCOM)

Can be considered as a reactive current source

17-12
 Photovoltaic Grid-Tied Inverter

This scheme uses a thyristor inverter

17-13
Harnessing of Wing Energy

17-14
 Interface of SMES

Can be used for utility load leveling

17-15
 Active Filters for Harmonic Elimination

Active filters inject a nullifying current so that the current

drawn from the utility is nearly sinusoidal

17-16
 Utility Interface – Power Quality

PCC is the point of common coupling

17-17
Diode-Rectifier Bridge Harmonic Content

17-18
 Harmonic Guidelines: IEEE Std. 519

commonly used for specifying limits on the input current

distortion

17-19
 Harmonic Guidelines: IEEE Std. 519

Limits on distortion in the input voltage supplied by the utility

17-20
Reducing the Input Current Distortion of Diode Bridge
Rectifier with Passive Filters

17-21
 Power-Factor-Correction (PFC) Circuit

For meeting the harmonic guidelines 17-22

Power-Factor-Correction (PFC) Circuit Control

17-23
 EMI: Conducted Interefence
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is disturbance that affects an electrical
circuit due to either electromagnetic induction or electromagnetic radiation
emitted from an external source. Anywhere electrical power is being turned off
and on rapidly is a potential source.

• Common and differential mode currents

17-24
 Switching Waveforms

• Typical rise and fall times

17-25
FCC and VDE Compliance Curves

17-26
17-27
 Conducted EMI

Typical EMI filter arrangement

17-28