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Managers and workers spend a large part of their time communicating in order to meet the organizations
objectives and goals. In order for the organization to be successful, it need to foster effective communication.
DEFINITION
COMMUNICATION is a process which aims to transfer and implement the meaning of symbols from one
person, group or organization to another. It is what the receiver understands, not what the sender says.
Its goal is to have the receiver understand the message as it was intended.
COMMUNICATION PROCESS
“a dynamic process in which man consciously or unconsciously affect the cognition of another through
materials or agencies used in symbolic ways” - Kenneth Andersen
“communication is conveying thoughts and feelings to others and receiving them from others..”
-Dean and Bryson
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
b. Interpersonal Communication – This requires two people interacting with each other. E.g. The
supervisor and an employee talking to each other.
d. Mass Communication – This takes place with an indefinite number of people which some would
term as a faceless audience.
E.g. The use of television, radio, newspapers, magazines and billboards.
2. Levels of Source and Receiver
a. Downward – the message flows from top to
bottom, from higher to lower authority.
b. Upward – individuals at the lower organization
levels feels free to initiate and suggests new
programs and projects which are welcomed by
the management.
c. Horizontal – is communication across rather
than along the formal chain of command.
Individuals communicate with others who are
on the same level.