CCNA CRAMS notes

IGRP / EIGRP route balance accross 4 links

Type exit to close a VTY session

No need for an IP on the physical interface if using frame PtP sub

interfaces
No need for manual MAP enteries for each Sub Int

Default route = IP ROUTE 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 1.1.1.1

Named access lists:

- You can delete individual statements
- Must specify whether they are std or extended
- You can use the IP ACCESS-LIST command to create named lists

Standard ACL filter based on SOURCE!

ACL's can control traffic PASSING THROUGH a router, or VTY ACCESS

FRAME LMI Types are Q933 / Cisco / ANSI-Annex D

(Memory aid - LMI QCA)

FRAME encapsulation IETF / CISCO

Serial encapsualtion HDLC / PPP / Frame

network 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.255 AREA 0

OSPF router ID is the HIGHEST IP of any LOGICAL interface

(this reduces the chance of the interface failing and it changing)

OSPF area can be 0 - 42billionsquillion

OSPF cost is 100,000,000 / bandwidth

OSPF DR and BDR are performed on these networks:

- Broadcast
- Non-broadcast multi access

EIGRP does not require wildcard masks - just declare like RIP!

No CDP run - at config mode

No CDP enable - at an interface level

OSPF and modern protocols are classless - social evolution

RIPv1 needs contiguous networks with the same subnet mask

Bandwidth uses a shorter statement

DEFAULT-route is not a command

VTY use ACCESS-CLASS FOR aclS

PPP establishes a link first, then offers optional authentication

VLANS increase number of broadcast domains - tho they are smaller

VLAN trunk modes = Auto / Desirable / On

VLANS allow :
- logical groupings
- simply changing / moving hosts

VTP is a protocol to manage VLANs - don't confuse it with a trunk

port

Switch management IP needs adding to VLAN 1

VTP client mode will learn and save config, but not to NVRAM

VTP elections are on Priority and MAC address - LOWEST WINS!

2102 is the default config reg

2142 is rommon
2100 is rommon

show version contains config register details

IOS provides :
- definition of network topology
- access to network resources
- routing and switching

Cisco image name shows run location - f = from flash

TFTP does not require auth

Serial interfaces do not lodge in the ARP table

To upgrade IOS - not CONFIG!!!

- reload
- boot system tftp
- copy run start

Configure a trunk
- SWITCHPORT ACCESS VLAN ALL
- SWITCHPORT MODE TRUNK

Switch command only - ip default-gateway x.x.x.x

To wipe a switch, delete startup-config, delete vlan.dat and then

restart

ACCESS-LIST - defines numbered list

ACCESS-GROUP - applies ACL to interface

VTP client will forward VTP information

SHOW VLAN - shows VLANS and ports

SHOW IP OSPF INTERFACE will show BDR / DR

Extended Ping is found within Priviliged exec mode

EIGRP Feasible routes can be shown in the TOPOLOGY table

OSPF Priority needs setting to influence DR election - higher = more
likely to win

Show interface, shows router interface mac address (as does show MAC)

Frame and T1 use a CSU/DSU

EIGRP auto summaries by default - need to tell it not to.

TCPIP model = NIC / Internet / Transport / Applications

STP looks for lowest priority!!!

In STP - the HIGHEST MAC IS BLOCKED!!!

In STP root ports are chosen based on PATH COST

VTP = VLAN server

STP = Redundant link management

STP root ports are the ports that link to the root switch - THEY ARE
NOT ON THE ROOT SWITCH!!!

EIGRP does not use SPF! Only OSPF

IGRP hop count = 255

EIGRP hop count = 224

Hello packets provide dynmaic neighbour discovery

Hello packets maintain neighbour relationships

OSPF uses a DR in:

- NON BROADCAST
- BROADCAST MULTI ACCESS

OSPF sends complete routing table every 90 seconds

Only the lowest AD routes are included ie ospf and not rip (if both
are present)

IGRP uses bandwidth to determine route

RIp uses hops

DHCP uses UDP and MAC FFFFFFFFFFF broadcast at layer 2

TCP header has ports not IPS

has: source port / ACK number / Windoww info.

Positive ackknowledgement:
- Source starts a timer, which upon exiration causes retansmit
- Destination responds with ack indicating next sequence number
- Source keeps a record of all segments sent and expects acks of each

WAN encapsulation types:

HDLC / PPP / Frame

TE1 equipment is ISDN ready and understands ISDN - eg ISDN port

TE2 is equipment that does not understand ISDN - eg serial port
NT1 connects with a U reference point (2 wire) to the telco

DDR can:
= use port info to specify interesting traffic
= configure multiple dialers on same interface
= use ACL's to deifne interesting traffic

With frame all routers must be in same subnet with multipoint sub
interfaces
This is NBMA - just like a normal switched network
P to P is the default frame type

Standard lists = 1-99

Extended lists = 100-199

NAT Public IP = inside local global

SIMULATION NOTES....

- Don't forget to NO SH the interfaces

- Don't forget to Copy RUn Start
- NO Router RIP - this wipes existing config :)
- SHOW CDP DETAIL * - shows neighbour IP address

NAT
config> IP NAT INSIDE SOURCE LIST X POOL NAT-POOL OVERLOAD
config> access-list 1 permit 192.168.98.64 0.0.0.63
config> IP NAT POOL NAT-POOL 198.18.158.97 198.18.158.120 netmask
255.255.255.248
int e0> ip nat inside
int s0> ip nat outside

VTP
conf > interface vlan 1
c int > ip address x.x.x.x y.y.y.y
conf > ip default gateway x.x.x.x
conf > VTP MODE CLIENT
conf > VTP DOMAIN XYZ
conf > VTP Password XYZ

ACL's - Ban Telnet

# > show access-lists
conf t> access-list 101 deny tcp any 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 eq 23
conf t> access-list 101 deny tcp any 192.168.5.1 0.0.0.0 eq 23
conf t> access-list 101 permit IP any any
int e 0> ip access-group 101 in

ACL's - Ban ICMP

# > show access-lists
conf t> access-list 102 deny icmp any 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0
conf t> access-list 102 deny icmp any 192.168.5.1 0.0.0.0
conf t> access-list 102 permit IP any any
int s 0> ip access-group 102 in

OSPF - Add IP and OSPF

int e0 > ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0
conf t > router OSPF 1
router > network 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.255 AREA 0