yClyydSRPhru Pwgo

Karen Teacher Newsletter June,2010

unDudFo&.vHmw>upD.AvgEGH<A2749
yClyydRS unDudFo&.vHmw>upD.tw>ynd.
(1)Auol.xD.wdRwbdvXt'k;bs;pJw>ul.b.ul.ohvXuD>olvhRtylR'D;b.uDb.cJ'Ju0DRylRtbX.pXR
(2)Au'k;ql.xD.<ohxD.b.xD.unDudFo&.wz.cDzdst0Joh.wJzsgxD.<eDRvDRb.tw>vJRcDzsd'D;tw>ohw>b.wz.vXup>
AAAA'.0JcDzsdysJ>pD>tHR
(3)Au'k;*kRxD.yoDxD.unDudFo&.tw>ohw>b.cDzdsvHmw>upD.tHR
(4)Au'k;ql.xD.unDudFo&.wz.tysJ>pD>vXtvJRto;wy,lmCD'fod;'D;t0Joh.wz.uoh.ngCdxHyvX>b.0JudF'D;w>
AAAAul.b.ul.ohwz.tw>td.o;

yClyySdRurH;wHm
Phru Pwgo Committee

vX>xl puD; tJ.'d.0g &lRo;

Ler Htoo Scott Eh Doh Wah Ruth
w>*h>cd.wDwz. Table of Contents
School News (pg. 2-5)
uFw>
d upD.A(ubsH;yR2=5) 13 Schools in Ler Doh Township Find Difficulties Collecting
uFd(13)zsX.vXvX>'d.uD>q.tylRuDcJvX Their School Materials (pg. 3)
u[J[H;M>uhRuFdw>yD;w>vD(ubsH;yRA2) More Students Becoming Land Mine Victims
ySRudFzduJxD.rh.yd>tuk>tgzJw>ud>cg During Summer Vacation (pg. 3)
udFys>uok.tqXuwD>(ubsH;yRA2) Burma Army Discharge Mortars into School,
y,DRok;c;pdvDRusdz;'d.qludF<AudFzdoH'D;b.'d(ubsH;yRA2) Students Killed and Injured (pg. 3)
KNFEPudFo;orl13eH.vXmuGHmweH.tHR(ubsH;yRA2=3) KNFEP Closes After 13 Years (pg. 3)
FPC Will Use IHE Curriculum (pg. 3-5)
FPC uol0JIHE vHmnd.od.'d.(ubsH;yRA3)
133 IDP Students Flee Attacks
udFzdCh>urSH133*R'd;pJ;vXyS>ylR(ubsH;yRA3=4) But Still Sit Exams in The Jungle (pg. 5)
y,DRok;c;oHySRzdo.(ubsH;yRA4) 3 Dead and 1 Wounded by SPDC Troop
unDuFdo&.w>od.vdcDvh.uFdzdzsdxD.oXzk Whilst Returning Home (pg. 5)
'D;tw>pXzSd.vdmo;trl;(ubsH;yRA4=5) Kaw Mu Der School, Kler Lwer Htoo District,
y,DRok;c;b.'dudFo&.rk.(ubsH;yRA5) Becomes a High School (pg. 5)
3 Groups of KTTC students Graduate and KTTC Reunion (pg. 5)
Burma Army Shot and Wounded Ha Toe Per Teacher (pg. 5)
[D.cd.csXw>ul.b.ul.ohA(ubsH;yRA6=9)
w>ul.b.ul.ohywD>zk.wy,lmCDzJeH.A30w>obsAhM>0HRtvD>cH
International Education News (pg. 7-9)
Education Level Reaches All Time Low After 30 Years of Independence
w>upD.vDRqDA(ubsH;yRA10=11)
ySRrRpXRunDuD>pJ.w>ul.b.ul.ohtqduwX>tw>vJRylRuGHmySR
Focus Stories (pg. 10-11)
Karen Education Assistance's First Supporters,
Naw Louisa Benson, Passes On
unDuD>pJ.w>wdpXRrRpXRw>u&l>(ubsH;yRA12=13)
qlunDuD>pJ.w>ul.b.ul.ohcd.e><AuFdurH;wHm<AuFdo&.A'D;rd>y>wz.
KSEAG (pg. 12-13)
A Letter To Karen State Education
w>orHxHA(ubsH;yRA14=15)
pDRph0g<AvX>'d.uD>q.ul.ohqJ;vR0JRudsRcd. Interview (pg. 14-15)
Saw Say Wah (Ler Doh Township Education Leader)

uFo
d &.w>ul.b.ul.ohA(ubsH;yRA16=17)
w>rRvdusdmcHuvkmwuvkmtw>'db. Teacher Education (pg. 16-17)
The Impact of Learning in a Second Language

udt
F w>td.ql.td.chsA(ubsH;yRA18=21) School Health(pg. 18-21)
unDA(ubsH;yRA18=19)
Karen (pg. 18-19)
y,DRusdmA(ubsH;yRA20=21)
Burmese (pg. 20-21)

xg<Aw>*JRvdmuG'DJ ;w>*DRuG;H uG;A(ubsH;yRA22=23)

Poems, Games and Cartoons (pg. 22-23)
o&.tuvk>A(ubsH;yRA24=27)
Teacher Talk (pg. 24-27)
ySRz;vHmzdtw>cDqX(ubsH;yRA28)

Reader Feedback (pg. 28)

 uFw>
d upD.
School News
uFd (13) zsX. vX vX> 'd. uD> q. t ylR uD cJ vJ.M.w>uoh.ngtDR'D;uuJxD.w> uDvXy*D> y ,DR ok; c; pd vDR usd z; 'd. ql ud<F AudF zd oH 'D;
vXu[J[H;M>uhR uFdw>yD;w>vD oyS>yS>M.,oh.ng,J*hR'd.r;vDRI/A
zJ 2010 eH. vg , ElR tg &HR vHR vHR y ,DR ok; y 'd. w>
xD. 'k; 'D; 'GJ. tl uGHm o 0D w z. 'D; uFd oh. w z. t Cd
xH zd uD> zd tg *R 'D; uFd zd uFd o &. w z. uJ xD. uhR ySR
vD> td. u rSH t *R (2000) bsJ. M. vDRI AvX w> ol.
vDR qD vDR uhR vD> td. vD> qd; 'D; uFd w z. t *D> rh> w>
vXuDcJ0JeD>eD>M.vDRIA
vX>'d.uD>q.ul.ohqJ;vR0JRusdRcd.o&.0gphpH;
0J?weH.tHR'k,o;vXmz;'d.vDRIAcDzsdvXyb.[;
pH.td.vXyS>v>usg'ftHRtCduFdo&. o&.rk.w
z. vDR _yHvDR _yg uGHm 0J tg r; 'D; uFd u rH; wHm uFd zd rd> y>
w z. ph> uD; uJ xD. w> *h> uD vX t 0J oh. w z. t *D>
vX u xJ; *H> xJ; bg 'D; u ym zSd. rR o ud; w> 'f od; y
u ol. xD. uhR y uFd oh. w z. t *D> rh> w> vX y b.
uG>qX.rJmtDRwcgM.vDRI/
vX'DweH.tylRzJw>ud>cgqXuwD>unDuD>pJ.w>
wd pXR rR pXR u &l> [h. rR pXR 0J '. uFd oh. w z. 'D; uFd zd
w>yD;w>vDoh.wz. tcgcDzsdvX>'d.uD>q. uFdw
z.b.w>rR[;*DR'GJ.tluGHm'D;w>b.uhRol.xD.
u'guhRt*D>'D;'fod;'D;u[J[H;M>b.uFdw>yD;w>
vDt*D>,HRuDcJ0J'd.r;M.vDRIA
o&.0gphpH;u'D;0J?cJtHRb.zJy[;pH.td._yHtd.
_ygtCdw>zdw>vHRvXy'd;M>b.wz.yub.&J.
usJRzH;rRuhRtDR'fvJ.M.yqdurd.wb.vXRb.I
Atqdyub.CkvD>td.vD>qd;<Aw>vD>w>usJvX
t ylR zsJ; 'D; 'k. 'g< AvX u tD. b. tD b. t *D> b. 0H
tD.pDmtD. 'D;yb.uXRzSd.0mzSd.uhRyuFdtHRuDcJ0J
'd.r;tCduFdw>zdw>vHRvXy'd;M>b.wz.yvJR
[H;woh'H;b.I/
zJ2009=2010w>od.vdeH.tylRy,DRok;y'd.w>
xD.'k;wbsDtHRuFd weDRub.'d; pJ;0HRuhRvXyS>v>
usg w eDR w 'd; pJ; b. 0J b. 'D; vX eH. u wX> w> u
b. 'k; zsd tDR t zD cd. rk> cH wDR cX. o; uFd o &. vX w
tJ.'D;ymzsgtrHRw*RpH;0J?yzdyvHRweDR'.vJmy'd;
udvH
F mvJ>w>yD;w>vDweDRvXy,DRok;rR[;*DR
pJ;tDRvXtylRuGHmyoh.ngvXwzsdeDwbsDb.<AwkR
vXeH. uwX>yrh>'k;zsdtDR'ftHRbsDw>o;ckvXt*D>'k
u 'd; M> b. 0J oX. b. q. vX y 0J o &. w z. t *D>
wcDuJxD.w>o;wrkmvX'DweH.vXyw>od.vdt
ylR0J<At'dySRtHRrh>zsdxD.uFdrh>vJRqluFdt*RcDzsduH>pD
wvXySJR'D;twDRywD>b. M.ySRtHR[JvXrwRtuFd
unDuFdo&.vHmw>upD.=AvgEGH<2749
b. 'd
ySRvD>td.urSHvXvX>'d.uD>q.tylRwz.wcsK;'H; zJ19I02I2010teHR*DRcD09;47tqXuwD>y,DRok;
vX w> plR vDR 'f b. M. u b. Ck wh xD. t [H. t 'J eHbFL.[.(2)<ApucA(21)'D;cr&(387)qDvDRt
'D;'fod;utD.b.tDb.t*D> ySRud;*R'J;'d.qH;_yH o; zJ w &dR udF c; vDR 0J '. rDsm z; 'd. ql oh. ol cH o 0D <
oGgub.*kmusJ;pX;vXw>CH;w>phRtylRwy,lmCD ArDsmq.vDRwJm0J'.zJudFuyRySRudFzdoH(1)*Rb.'d
M.vDRI (2)*Rt*h>M.rkm}wDRuD>&h.0JRvD>ymzsg0JM.vDRI
pDR&Dbh.xl<Ao;eH.(15)oH0J'.wbDsCD<ApDRq.y
ySR udF zd uJ xD. rh. yd> t uk> tg zJ w> ud> cg udF -wXRxl<Ao;eH.(8)eH.b.'dzJtpk'k.o. 'D;pDRtJ.
ys>uok.tqXuwD> uD>wD<Ao;eH.(8)eH.b.'dzJtuH.'k.M.vDRI
zJ30I3I2010teHR pDR,dRzdvXto;td.(13)eH.rR y'd.zg*DRvXtrh>rkm}wDRuD>&Ah.oh.yS>0JRudsRcd.pH;
vdzds(2)wDRzJ'lz;vJ>wDRzk.udFA,D>b.rh.yd>zJu0DR 0J< A?y ,DR ok; w z. tHR td. qD vDR t o; zJ w bl; w
(3)<AqDxH;uD>q.zJtvJR0HtD.[ko;zJusJbX.wDR ,HR'D;ySRvD>td.urSHw>vD>M.vDRIAt0Joh.c;pdvDR
t cg M. vDRI Au nD udF o &. rR o ud; w> u &l> t ySR 0J usd z; 'd. ql o 0D ylR w eHR w bDs cH bDs ud; rk> eHR 'J; M.
rR w> zd pDR ph bdd. vX t vJR xH. b. w> td. o; vX t vDRI/
eD>up>pH;0J?zdo.tHRb.rh.yd>0HRb.wHmwm0J'. oh.olcHudFtHRrh>0JwDRzk.udFvXySRudFzdtd.0J(48)*R
2oDr;w>xH.M>qSXtDRqlw>qg[H.M.vDRIAuwD> 'D;udFo&.td.0J(4)*RM.vDRI
tHRpDR,dRzdtw>td.o;*hRxD.u'guhRvHM.vDRI/
rh. yd> w> vDR ysHR tHR uJ xD. ph> uD; t o; vX wR tk; eHR KNFEP udo;
F orl13eH.vXmuGmH weH.
o0D<AbHvhuD>q.<A'loxl.uD>&h.tylRzJvgzhR tHR
KNFEP udFvXb.w>'k;td.xD.tDRzJ1997eH.zJrJ>
cgcH(rJ>cD.cg)b.uDb.cJ'Ju0DRtHRys>uGHmtudFw
eHRtHRA24I02I2010teHRM.vDRI
o &. v> xl vX t rh> rJ> v; tl ul. oh rl 'g cd.vD> vHR
'D;wbDscgtrh>ph>uD;KNFEPySRudFzdvD>vHRpH;0J<
?yudFtHRto;orltd.0J(13)eH.vXt'k;zdsxD.0JySR
udFzd(12)zktHRtw>&J.w>usJRuwX>uGHm0JweH.ng
tHRM.vDRI/
udzdF cH*RvXtb.oHrh.yd>(w>*DRtJ;zfbH.t.&f<'loxl.) Karen Refugee Committee Education
Entity(KRCEE) td.'D;w>&J.w>usJRvXw>rRb.
-bLRtg&HR'D;b.oH0JySRzdo.(2)*RM.vDRIApDRtD.0h vdmuhRu,J>wDR'd.wkmudFzJunDb.uDb.cJ'Ju
(15)eH.'D;pDRrhtl(15)eH.2*RtHRzJ[;cl.tD.'h.t 0DRwz.'fod;w>od.vdrh>*hRw>yXqSXwz.uvJRt
cgxH.0J'.w>ud.vd.wvd.'D;'duG>wD>uG>0Jtcg o; b. *h> b. 0D t *D> udF oh. w z. w> 'k; vJR w &H;
yd> z; xD. M. vDRI Arh. yd> w> vDR b. ,d. w> [h. w>
oh.nge>yX>tHRb.w>p;xD.rRtDRvXuD>y,DRrk>
xD.M.vDRIAunDvD>td.urHSurH;wHmp;xD.[h.
w>oh.nge>yX>b.C;rh.yd>tw>vDRb.,d.w>
od.vd(Mine Risk Education)p;xD.vX2006eH.
vHR vHR b. q. cD zds xH vD> uD> ylR w> 'k; w> ,R t Cd
[D. u 0DR w z. tg w uh> w> 'd; vDR rh. yd> vX ySR zD. pk
u0JRwz.tCdw>e>[lb.vXySRb.'dvXrh.yd>w
vD>vD>M.vDRIApDRzHxX.vXtrh>rh.yd>tw>vDRb.
w> od. vd t ySR eJ. w> pH; 0J ? w> 'k; w> ,R rh> ql. w
wDRwDRM.w>ymvDRrh.yd>tgxD.0JM.vDRIAyvDR[h.
w> oh. ng vX u rsX> w z. vX t 0J oh. rh> xH. x;
ud.vd.rh>*hRw>vDRqDwrHR*hRwrHR*hRM.tokwxd;
bl;0Jb.'D;urRyeD.Cm0J0HRuuhRpH;b.wJb.ySR
'lzdo0Dzdwz.M.vDRIAy[h.ph>uD;*H>cD.xH;w>ul
pg ,g bsg ySR b. rh. yd> vX t u wD> M. vDRI/ AzJ w>
ud>cgudFys>uok.tuwD>p;xD.vgr;%S;wkRvgrhR
M.ySRudFzdwz.[;xD.[;vDR0Jqlo0DcsXtg0J'.t
Cdt0Joh.uJxD.0J'.rh.yd>tuk>nDu'.M.vDRI wDR'd.wkmudzdF 'D;udo
F &.'doud;w>*DRzJrJ>v;tl'Ju0DR
2

uhRtDRvXIHE (Institute of Higher Education)tw> 13 Schools in Ler Doh Township
yXw>qSXtzDvmM.vDRI
KNFEPudFtHR'k;vJRw&H;0Jw>od.vdzJrJ>cgcH(6)eH. School Materials
0HR ok; uGHm t o;w bDs CD zJ ySR ok; uGHm 'J u 0DR zd w z. In January 2010 SPDC (State Peace Development
qlrJ>v;tl'Ju0DRzJ2004'D;'k;vJRw&H;udFtHRzJzShbD Council)
vl>(rJ>v;tl)wkReH.0JtHRM.vDRIA
2010eH.ySRudFzdvXtzdsxD.KNFEPtuwX>wzk
tHRtd.0Jrk.(8)*R'D;cGg(15)*RM.vDRI
FPC uol0JIHE vHmnd.od.'d.
FPC(Future Preparatory Couse) vXttd.zJxgrf
[h.'Ju0DRtylRup;xD.ol0J IHE tw>od.vdvHm
zJ 2010=11 w> od. vd eH. t *h> M. w> u pD. *H> xH;
vXIHE pH;0JM.vDRI
pDRvDRtJ.rl<DHE(Department of Higher Education)
teJ.&GJ.pH;0J<?yo;ckvXFPC up;xD.ol0IHE J equipments, but the schools in Ler Doh Township have
vHm nd. od. 'd. 'f od; u rR pXR 0J u ,J> wDR 'd. wkm zJ
b.uDb.cJ'Ju0DRtylRwz.tw>ul.b.ul.oh
qlngt*D>M.vDRIAt0JtHRurRpXRph>uD;KRCEE
(Karen Refugee Committee Education Entity) vX
w>vlRuG>xGJu,J>wDR'd.wkmudFzJb.uDb.cJ'Ju
0DRwz.tylRM.vDRI/
?unDb.uDb.cJ'Ju0DR(7)zsX.tylRwDR'd.wkmudF
td.'H;0Jw0mbsJ.vXtwvlRydmxGJ0JIHE w>od.
vd t w uGD. 'D; vHm nd. od. 'd. b. M. vDRI AvX w>
xd.Clrs;u,Rtg'ftHRtzDcd.yuud;xH.vdmtd.
oud;'Ju0DRwDR'd.wkmudFcd.wz.zJvgth_zh.tylR
0HRyu&J.usJRrRb.uhRudFvXtwtd.'H;vXIHE
w>od.vdtwuDG.ylR wz.yzD.vdmpkrRoud;w>
uoh'fvJ.'fvJ.M.vDRI/AM.pDRvDRtJ.rlpH;ph>uD;
0JM.vDRI
IHEw>od.vdvHmnd.od.'d.tylRtd.0J'D;w>od.
vdvHmwz.vXtrh>General English, Reading
and Writing, Social Studies, Science, Math,
Karen (compulsory), Thai or Burmese,
Orientation for Higher Education, Philosophy of
Education, Physical Education and Computer
skillswz.M.vDRI
udFzdCh>urSH133*R 'd;pJ; vXyS>ylR
xHn.vH.'hwDRcX.o;udFvXtCh>y,DRok;zJtylR
uGHm w EGH p; xD. 'd; pJ; ySR udF zd zJ yS> ylR M. vDRI AxH n.
vH. 'h vX bs; pJ vdm t o; 'D; xH bD; x. wDR bDs udF vX
ySRudFzdteD.*H>td.0JA133*Rp;xD.'d;pJ;0JzJwEGHng
tHRM.vDRI
pDRbDbdvXFBR(Free Burma Ranger) pH;0J<A?cDzds
w>'d;pJ;tqXuwD>b.vHtCdudFo&.'D;udFzdw
z.rh>td.vXyS>usg'.vJmrR0HR0Jw>'d;pJ;M.vDRI
y ,DR ok; puc 10 t zD vm cr& 362< A363< A366<
A367 'D; 368 vX t xD. 'k; 0J vX> 'd. uD> q. CJ 'X 'D;
uGHvgu&l>zJvgzhR-bLRtg&HRtxD.vHRvHRtHRtd.
xX.*X>to;zJvD>u0DRzJM.'H;M.vDRIAudFA11zsX.
vXySRudFzdtd.0JA500bsJ.uJxD.ySRvD>td.urSHvX
3 Karen Teacher Newsletter - June, 2010
Find Difficulties Collecting Their
troops attacked Ler Doh Township, burning
villages and schools, causing more than 2,000 villagers,
teachers and students to become IDP (Internally Displace
people). This has caused difficulties for villagers to rebuild
schools and villages in this area. Saw Wah Say,
Educational Coordinator for Ler Doh Township said "I
am really upset this year, because we are now hiding in
the jungle. Also, students and parents are becoming
disconnected with each other. It is difficult to co-orporate
with each other, as they have to struggle for their daily
life, so it is impossible to rebuild our schools and a place
to stay."
Once a year, during the summer, KSEAG (Karen State
Education Assistant Group) provides support for all Kaw
Thoo Lei schools, including school materials and
been burnt and have not been rebuilt yet. Therefore they
have faced difficulties when collecting their schools'
materials and equipments. “Now we are still living in
the jungle and we don’t know how to organize the school
materials we received to reach us here. Firstly, we
need to find a safe place to stay and find food to live on.
That's why right now we are not able to take our schools
materials." He added.
Due to the SPDC attacks, some schools were not able
to provide end of year examinations, but some students
were able to take the exam in the jungle. A teacher from
Mu Kee School, who wishes to remain anonymous,
said, “Some students never pass their exams. Due to
the situation, the students will be happy if we pass
everyone but we will not, because if they go to another
school and enter the higher Standard, they will not have
enough ability and knowledge to cope with the work
given. This is a big problem for us.”
Newly displaced people living in Ler Doh Township are
struggling to build new houses and organize food
provisions before the rainy season.
More Students Becoming Land
Mine Victims During Summer
Vacation
On 30th March, 2010, Saw Yo Poe, a 13 year old
student from Du Pa Leh primary school in Hsaw Hti
township, Kler Lwee Htoo district,was on his way to
harvest rice when he stepped on a landmine. Saw Say
Boh from KTWG reported, "It took two days to find
medical care after he stepped on the landmine. The
student is now receiving treatment and will survive.”
Another more fatal incident occurred in the second week
of February in Ta Au Ni village, Bilin township, Doo Tha
Htoo district. Two children, Saw Aung Win and Saw
Min Oo, both 15 years old, were out hunting for frogs
when they found the landmine. Not knowing what the
object was, they picked it up and began playing with it.
They were killed instantly. Landmines are littered across
eastern Burma. The Committee for Internally Displaced
Karen People (CIDKP) has organized Mine Risk
Education (MRE) since 2006. However, due to the
wide and abundant use of landmines by all military
groups, the number of landmine cases continues to
increase. Saw Peter, a CIDKP’s Mine Risk Education
coordinator, explains, “If there is a intensive fighting in
an area, you will see more and more land mines. We
educate villagers to mark the place that they see
landmines – not to handle them themselves. Villagers
are told to inform the village leader or village responsible
person. We also give first aid training for dealing with
landmine victims to the villagers."
During the summer vacation period, from March to May,
students are more mobile outside of the village which
increases the risk of them becoming the next landmine
victim.
Burma Army Discharge Mortars
into School, Students Killed and
Injured
A source from the District Office in Mutraw said, Burma
Army Tactical Operation Command(TOC) #2, Military
Operation Command(MOC) #21 and Light Infantry
Battalion(LIB) #387 encamped on T'ro Kyoe mountain
fired mortars into Thay Thoo Khee IDP(Internally
Displaced People) village on the 19th February at 09:47,
The mortars hit the school where 1 student was killed
and 2 students were injured.
Saw Robin Htoo, 15 years old, was killed instantly
while Saw Hsar P'trer Htoo and Saw Eh Kaw Taw,
both 8 years old, suffered an injured arm and leg.
P'doh Pah Gaw, a Minister of Forest Ministry said,
"Burma Army encamped their troops near IDP villages
and they discharge mortars once or twice everyday."
Thay Thoo Khee is a primary school which has 48
students and 4 teachers.
KNFEP Closes After 13 Years
Karen Northern Further Education Program (KNFEP),
which was formed in 1997 at Mae Kah Khee (Mae
Kong Kah) Karen refugee camp, closed their school on
24th February, 2010. Saw Lah Htoo, Mae La Oon
Education Head, who was also a former student of
KNFEP, said " Our school which has been running for
13 years and produced 12 graduation classes, closes
this year."
Karen Refugee Committee Education Entity (KRCEE)
has re-organized all the post-ten schools in Karen Refugee
camps along Thai-Burma Border so that they are able to
monitor school curriculum and management. Teachers
and administrators of KNFEP will continue to work for
the new school under IHE's(Institute of Higher
Education) supervision. KNFEP school ran for 6 years
at Mae Kah Khee and then moved to Pway Baw Lu
(Mae La Oon) in 2004, when the refugee camp was
relocated.
FPC Will Use IHE Curriculum
A source from the DHE (Department of Higher Education)
said, FPC (Future Preparatory Course) which is based
in Htam Hin Karen Refugee Camp, will begin using the
IHE (Institute of Higher Education) curriculum at the
start of the new academic year, 2010-2011.
Saw Law Eh Moo, secretary of DHE said, "We are
happy FPC will be using the IHE curriculum as it will
help towards providing a standardize Post-10 education
for all refugees in the camps. It will also assist KRCEE
(Karen Refugee Committee Education Entity) in
monitoring the schools throughout the refugee camps."
"Over half the post-ten schools in the camps are not
following the IHE framework and curriculum. Due to
this high percentage we will organize a meeting in April
with post-ten school principals and discuss how we can
 uFw>
d upD.
School News
ySRudzdF weDRvXt[JuhREkmvDR[;qlto0DzJy,DRok;'G.J tluGmH
o0D0HRtvD>cH
yS>ylR'D;udFtgzsX.w'd;pJ;b.'H;b.M.pDRbDbdpH;ph> uFd zd zsd xD. vX uD> q. oh. w z. u b. vJR Ck xD.
uD;0JM.vDRI
y,DRok;c;oHySRzdo.
zJ vg r; &S; 12 oD t eHR y ,DR ok; pc 10 t zD vm cr&
A369 Ekm vDR ql uD x. o 0D< AvX> 'd. uD> q.< AcsX.
vGH>xl.uD>&h.'D;c;oH0Jydmrk.w*R'D;zdo.cH*Rt*h>
M. tJ;zf bH. t. w> u pD. ym zsg 0J M. vDRI AeD> zg vg
vXttd.Cdvl>o0Dy,DRc;tDRvXt[JuhRzJt vJR
td. o ud; t rd> t y> ql vX> wD vl> 0HR [J uhR vX usJ t
cg M. vDRI AeD> zg vg t zd rk. eD> zD bd.< A5 eH. 'D; t o
ud; rk. eD> vg ySJR A37 eH. oH 0J w bDs CD zJ w> uJ xD. o;
zJw>vJRxH.M>eD>zDbd.tpd.(w>*DR=tJ;zfbH.t.&f)
t vD> M. vDRI AeD> vg ySJR vX y ,DR c; b. 'd t csX< At 0J
pH.pdmtzdcGgzdpDRxgzsgxl<A5vgvXy,DRok;c;b.'d
tuH.'k.pH.zds;uGHmto;orlylRzsJ;M>0Jb.q.tzd
cGgzdpDRxgzsgxloH0JzJw>uJxD.o;2e. &H.0HRtvD>
cHcDzdstoGH.,GRtgwvXtCdM.vDRI
uD> &h. csX. vG.H xl . uD> rk> 'X uFd u ok; xD.
wDR wkR (10) wDR
zJvgr;%S;A9<2010teHRuFdzdrd>y><A'lo0Dcd.e><Au
&l>ySRb.rlb.'gwz.<AySRyXRuFd'D;uFdurH;wHmoh.
w z.Ckm 'D; uFd o &. o &. rk. 'D; ul. oh ySR rR o ud;
w> zd cJ vXm pH; u wdR 0J '. 'D; td. 'D; w> qX wJm vX
2010=2011 Aw>od.vd.eH.tylRuD>rk>'XwDRxDuFd
tHR w> u ok; xD. tDR wkR CDR vX t wDR (10) M. vDRI A
csX.vGH.xl.uD>&h.ul.ohqJ;vR0JusdRcd. y'd.cJvf
bH pH; 0J ?uFd w zsX. tHR t o; o rl td. 0J 26 eH. vH b.
q.wbsDbsDwDRxDxD.wbsDbsDwDRzk.vDRuhRcDzsdvX
yxHvD>uD>ylRw>td.o; w*X>wusXRb.tzDcd.'D;
o &. od. w> w z.y Ck tDR uD cJ 0J 'd. r; M.vDRI b.
unDuFdo&.vHmw>upD.=AvgEGH<2749
q.wbsDtHR yemvX u*X> usXR'D;cgqlngyu[H;
vdm zD. vdm pk 'D; zH; o ud; rR o ud; w> vX uFd w zsX.
tHRt*D>oyS>yS>rD./
Aw>ok;xDxD.wDRywD>tHRw>ynd.wcD'fod;'D;uFd
zdvXtzsdxD.uFdzJuFdwzsX.tHRtylRurRvdb.'H;0J
cgqlng'D;vXuD>&h.t*RuD>q.t*RuFdzdvXtzsd
xD.wz.t*D>M.vDRIySRyXRuFdvXtrh>ok;cd.pDR,dR
%SL pH; 0J? w oh zJ t oh y u xJ; *H> xJ; bg o ud;
vDR<Aw> *h> uD vX u ydm xGJ xD. t cH 'k y oh. ng 'g cD
b.q.'D;yo;wqH;yo;w[;*DRb.IAcHrHRwrHR
uFdqlw>vD>t,HRtCduJxD.w>*h>uDvXt0Joh.
t *D> Ckm 'D; rd> y> w z. t *D> t Cd y usJ; pX; ok; xD.
tDRM.vDRI/A
zJw>rRoud;w>tw>*JRvduwD>
'd.'.0JpkmpkmymyeD.0Jtod;y0J'.ph>uD;yymyeD.
ok'fy[h.vDRok w>vRw>uyDRtHRypH;vXokrh>w>
'f od; od; vDR I Ay 0J ph>uD; y ym u zX vX y o; vX ok w>
uD>rk>'XudoF &.<Ao&.rk.'D;udu F rH;wHm
rRtylRM.vDRIA
y 'd. cJvfbH pH; u 'D; 0J? y o; ck o; rkm 'd. r; vX y uFd cHrHRwrHRuFdzdvXtzsdxD.'D;'d;M>b.w>vRuyDRw
tHRutd.wkRtwDRwqH'D;t*RwrHRyrh>uG>vXy0J z.M.'fyymvk>ymyShRt0Joh. wz.tod;ok0Joh.
csX.vGH>xl.uD>&h.tylRwDRxDuFdwkRtwDRwqHM. ph> uD; ok ym vk> ym yShR vDR ok o; '. 0J 'D; ol. rH o; rkm
wtd.eDwzsX.'H;b.vXw>M.tCd uJxD.ph>uD; vX ok w> rR t ylR xD bd 'D; , em ,J vX u rh> w> o; ck
w> *H> w> bg vX uFd zd rd> y> < uFd zd 'D; uFd o &. o &. vXok*D> xDbdM.vDRIAoXrHRwrHR'fw>[h.ogySRw>
rk.wz.t*D>t'd.ttgvXyuD>&h.'Dwbh.t*D> qX u wD> 'D; w> cGJ; w> ,m t od; w> vX y -uX; rR 'D;
M.vDRI/ w> vX y rR M> w z. M. rh> 0J w> bsK; w> zSd. cJ vXm M.
zJ2009=2010w>od.vdeH.tylRuD>rk>'XwDRxDuFd vDRIAwvd.vXySRt*R[J[h.M>ySRr;yw>rRtHRuJ
td.wkR(9)wDRM.vDRIAuFdo&.o&.rk.cJvXmtd. xD.vd.xD.b.I/
0J(14)*R'D;uFdzdcJvXmtd.0J(253)*RM.vDRI rR u 'D; zJ A14AoD A2010At eHR rh> 0J '. u nD uFd o
&.w>od.vdcDvh.uFdw>pXzSd.trl;'D;t'd.ttgzJ
unDuFdo&.w>od.vdcDvh.uFdzdzsdxD. M. uD> &h. EGH bh. t ul. oh qJ; vR 0JR usdR 0JR 'h oh. w
oXzk 'D;tw>pXzS.d vdmo;trl; z. [J xD.ym Ckm rR o ud; 0J 'D; u nD uFd o &. w >
zJ vg rhR A13 AoD 2010 AeH. <A u nD uFd o &. w> od od. vd cD vh. uFd <AuFd zd zsd xD. wh> w z. ph> uD; [J uhR
vd cD vh. uFd <AuFd zd zsd xD. 0J '. (3) zk Ckm 'D; vHm tkm u'guhR'fod;'D;zJr[dweH. w>pXzSd.tod;'fod;u
o;vXtb.w>[h.vDRtDRvXy'd.vgphunDul. [h. cD [h. eDR vdm uhR t o; t w> xH. w> vJR cD zsd t
ohqJ;vR0JRusdRcd.vD>cX.o;tySRyXRvD>qh.eDRM.
vDRIAuFdzd wXwzk rh>0JySRvX trRvdwh>w>vXunD
uFd o&. cD vh. uFd ySJR xD. 2 AeH. 0HR 'D; zsd xD.cJ vXm
(15)*R<AcHAzkwzkrh>0JySRvXtzsdxD.2AeH.0HRtvD>
cHuhRod.vduhRw>vXtvD>u0DRylRySJRxD. 2 AeH.cJ
vXm A4AeH. (23) *R<A'D; ySR oX zk w zk rh> 0J ySR vX t zsd
xD. t qd u wX> w zk zJ 2005 eH. vX u nD uFd o &.
w>od.vdcDvh.uFdtuFdtHR 'D;rRw>ySJRxD.(5)eH.
udo F &.<Ao&.rk.'dzd.S oud;w>*DR
wz.(14)*RM.vDRIA
vXw>[h.vR[h.uyDRuhRuFdzdzsdxD.oh.wz.t w>oh.ng e>yX> vXtw>od.vdw>vJRcDzsdtylR 'D;
zD cd. u nD ul. oh qJ; vR 0JR usdR cd. vD> cX. o; y 'd. tgM> t M.'fod;urRvd'd;M>b.tgxD. w>ohw>
vgphuwdR[h.*H>[h.bguFdzdzsdxD.oh.wz.zJw> b.'D;w>oh.nge>yX>oh.wz.M.vDRI
td;xD.trl;tHR'D;pH;0J?ySRvXttd.'D;txHtuD>< b.C;'D;w>[h.cD[h.eDRvdmo;w>pXzSd.trl; bsD
A'D; t ySRuFdzdvXtzsdxD.oh. wz.'ft0Joh.ty 0JtHRunDuFd&.vJRw&H; w>tcd.o&.pDRrkmxH pH;
4
 5 Karen Teacher Newsletter - June, 2010
0J?w>rRw>[h.cD[h.eDRbsD0JtHR*hR0J'd.r;cDzsdy0J cooperate better in the future with those who are not using
oh.wz.yuol.xD.uhRunDuFdo&.w>o;o the IHE curriculum." Added Saw Law Eh Moo.
The IHE curriculum contains General English, Reading
[D.vXuqJ;rR'H; w> vXcgqlngt*D><AuFdzd<AuFd and Writing, Social Studies, Science, Math, Karen
o &. w z. ph> uD; w> em M> vDR o; vX w> rR ysD ylR *hR (compulsory), Thai or Burmese, Orientation for Higher
xD.tgxD.cDzsd'd;M>b.w> [h.ul.[h.z;'D; w> Education, Philosophy of Education, Physical Education
and Computer skills.
xk;pkeJ.usJtgxD.*hRxD.'D;t'd.ttguFdo&.'D;
uFd zd w z. w> rR o ud; w> *hR xD. tg xD. w> e> yX> 133 IDP Students Flee Attacks but
vdmo;tgxD.Ckm'D;cd.e>vXuD>&h.uD>q.tylR Still Sit Exams in the Jungle
wz. cDzsdcd.e>oh.wz.ymCkmrRoud;w>vXbsD 133 students from Htee Nya Lee Day middle and Htee
Baw Hta nursery school who were forced to flee Burma
0JtHRtCdM.vDRI/A Army attacks in early February joined together to finish
zJr[dweH.unDuFdo&.w>od.vdcDvh.uFd<AuFd their school year and sit their final exams under the trees
zdzsdxD.0JA2Azk'D;wuwD>CDw>rRph>uD;0Jw>pXzSd. in the jungle.
trl;'fod;tHRM.vDRIAunDuFdo&.rRoud;w>u Saw Baw Boe, from the Free Burma Rangers (FBR),
said, "This is exam season, even though teachers and
%l>tHR'k;td.xD.0J '.b.C;w>[h.vR[h.uyDR students are hiding in the jungle, they still manage to sit
'D;w>pXzSd.trl;o;zSH'fod;tHRM.'fod;uuG>u'g their exams. Perhaps, they will finish today (18th February
uhRw>zH;w>rRtusdRtuGmwz.tw>vJRxD.vJR 2010)."
xD'D;w>uG>u'guhRw>zH;w>rRvXtylRuGHmwz. He went onto to explain, "LIB (Light Infantry Battalion)
362, 363, 366, 367 and 368, which are under MOC #10,
0HR'D;CdxHuG>uhRw>rRtw>vd.wz.t*h>tusdR have been attacking Kwee Lah and Keh Der village
'f od; w> u oh. ng b. w> *H> p> w z. vX w> rR *hR tracts since early February. 11 schools with more than
500 students have become displaced and most of the
xD.uhRudFo&.tuH>tpDqlngt*D>M.vDRI
schools won't be able to sit their exams."
3 Dead and 1 Wounded by SPDC
y,DRok;c;b.'duFdo&.rk.
o &. rk. eD> pl. pJ e>< o; eH. 27 eH.< Atd. o 0D pH. CJ Troop Whilst Returning Home
On the 22nd March, 2010, at 4:30PM, Burma Army
'X o 0D 'D; vJR od. vd w> zJ [; xd yXR wDR zk. udF < At troops LIB 369, from MOC#10 entered Kaw Hta village,
uH. 'k. b. 'd vX y ,DR ok; c; tDR zJ vg zhR -bLR tg &HR Ler Doh Township, Kler Lwee Htu District and shot and
23 oD t eHR AzJ y ,DR ok; [l; *JR Apuc(7) t zD vm killed 1 woman and 2 children. The incident occurred
while Naw Pah Lah, a Ko Lu villager, was traveling
Acr&(427)EkmvDRo0D'D;c;oH0Jty>pDRwR'd.0gt
back from Ler Taw Lu after visiting her parents. Naw
cg M. vDRI Aw> uJ xD. o; tHR rh> 0J zJ y ,DR ok; Ekm vDR
Pah Lah’s daughter, Naw Paw Bo, a 5 year old girl and
[l;*JR0JzJpH.CJ'Xu0DR0HREkmvDRqlo0Dowl>uvm her friend Naw La Pwey, a 37 year old woman died
tcgc;0JySRydmcGgvXtud;0JwM>wz.tCdc;b. immediately. Naw Pah Lah was shot in the back as she
'dCkmeD>pl.pJe>M.vDRI carried her 5-month-old son, Saw Hta Pla Htoo; the
pDR qH; zd vX t [H; rl 'g zJ vD> u 0DR t ylR pH; 0J A?y ,DR baby was hit in the thigh. The 5-month-old child did not
die immediately, but two and a half hours after the 4:30
ok;[l;*JRwz.rh>EkmvDRqlo0DylRM.c;ySRud;*R'J;
p.m. attack. Sourced from a Free Burma Ranger internet
report.
Kaw Mu Der School, Kler Lwer Htoo
District, Becomes a High School
In March 2010, the Village tract leader, school committee,
parents and teachers decided to extend Kaw Mu Der
School level up to Standard 10. This will be effective for
the next academic year.
The District Education Coordinator, Saw Calvin, said,
"This school has been running for over 26 years, and
during this time there has been a fluctuation in the standards
o&.rk.plpJe>'k;eJ.tuH.H 'k.vXy,DRok;c;tDR taught. This fluctuation is due to difficulties in finding
teachers and as a result of fighting in the area. At this
moment, we believe that we can provide a higher level
zJ t ud; 0J rh> w M> t cg M. vDRI At 0J oh. qd u rd. 0J of education to the students."
u,J>ySRpH.M.rh>0JunDok;zdvDRIAeD>eD>wcDySRo0D
The aim is to encourage them to study in their local area
zdydmcGgtg*RpH.'.'fod;uylRzsJ;vXub.0Hw>M. and so not to have to travel to refugee camps to finish
their studies. Many students from all over the district will
vDRI/
y,DRok;wz.c;b.'do&.rk.pl.pJe>ty>0HRpX0J be able to complete their High school education in their
vX ysHR x; 'D; uhR c; oH cl. vDR 0J zJ o 0D csX M. vDRI ApH. own district. Kaw Mu Der School committee leader,
Saw Yo Shu, said, "We will try very hard for the school
CJ'X'D;[;xdyXRo0Dtd.ol.vDRto;zJCdcHu0DR<
to provide Standard 10 to the students. Whatever problems
xDwxl.uD>q.<AwDtluD>&h.M.vDRI arise, we will face them together to find a solution.
Students will be able to remain in their village whilst
studying, and thus enabling them to help their parents in
the fields during the school holidays."
Saw Calvin added, "We are very happy to have this
opportunity to support Kaw Mu Der School in providing
Standard 10 to students in the area. This is the only
school in the district that provides Standard 10. We are
very proud of it. We believe the students, parents and
teachers will be satisfied with the support that we are
offering." During the 2009-10 academic year, there were
14 teachers and 253 students in Kaw Mu Der School
which provided up to Standard 9.
3 Groups of KTTC students
Graduate and Reunion
On 13th May, 2010, three groups of KTTC (Karen
Teacher Training College) students graduated with a
Diploma. The Diplomas were awarded by the Karen
Education Department(KED) Chairperson P’doh Lah
Say. The first group to graduate were the 15 students
who have just completed the two-year teacher-training
course at KTTC. The second group were those who
graduated from KTTC in May 2008 and have now
finished two years teaching in the field. The final group to
graduate were the first class to complete their training at
KTTC, who have now been teaching for 6 years.
P'doh Lah Say, the chair person of KED (Karen
Education Department), addressed the graduation
students in the opening ceremony and said, “In other
countries, when students graduate like this, their
governments are keen to value them, we also want to
show how much we value you through this graduation
ceremony. We have a wonderful opportunity here at
KTTC to train teachers and we have shown we can do
it, for this we are grateful. Once again it proves that we
don’t need other foreign a accreditation since we have
our own colleges.”
The following day another significant event took place,
the KTTC Reunion. This repeated the success of last
year. The MTT (Mobile Teacher Trainer) Coordinator Th'ra
Mu Htee said, “ I feel good because we are now more
active than before. This reunion also provides us the
opportunity to build up the strength and energy of Karen
teachers who are willing to work for the future. Teachers
and students have full confidence in their fieldwork
because they see the good work we have done with
them as we have shared at the reunion. In addition, as
the township and district leaders were able to participate
at the reunion, this gave the teachers and students the
opportunity to build up the leaders’ understanding of the
teachers’ fieldwork and situation.”
Last year two groups of KTTC students graduated at the
same time and there was also a KTTC reunion. And so
for the second year running KTWG (Karen Teacher
Working Group) provided a reunion, an opportunity for
all to share in evaluating their work and to celebrate the
progress of the students.
Burma Army Shot and Wounded Ha
Toe Per Teacher
On 23rd February, Burma Army LIB 427 which is under
MOC#7 entered See Keh Der village and shot Naw
Susanna, 27years old, a primary teacher from Ha Toe
Per village wounding her in the thigh while they
shot dead Saw Ta Doh Wah, her father. The
Continues on page 9
 [D.cd.csXw>ul.b.ul.ohtoeX.
International Education News
w> ul. b. ul. oh y wD> zk. w y ,lm CD zJ eH.
A30 w>obsAh M>0HRtvD>cH
Zh. b. bG Ah. t xH uD> tHR b. w> oh. ng wh> tDR vX
trh>&d.'H.p>xHuD>'D;td.ol.vDRto;zJuvHRxH;
tz&H;uR<AzJZ.bH.pH.'D;vhyd.yd.xHusdtbX.pXR
M. vDRIAxH uD> vX t qX td. bl; tDR w z. rh> 0J u vHR
xH; t z &H; uR<AZ. bH. ,.<AbD.pf 0. e> 'D; rd. Z.
bH;'D;xHzduD>zdcJvXmtd.0JtgM>A12AuuGJ>td.qd;
0JvXtylRM.vDRI
zJc&HmeH.1800AeH.tylRM.Zh.b.bGAh.txHtuD>
tHRb.w>yXql.yXpd;tDRvXuD>tJ;uvH;tySRrRvJ>
tD.uD>oh.w z. wkRvX A1980Avgthjzh.u wD>r;
'd; M> b. uhR w> o bsAh M. vDRI AqX u wD> zJ M. Zh.
b. bGAh.tHR zsg 0J'. xHuD>wbh.vX tvJRxD.vJR
xD u wX> vX t z &H; uR uD> cJ vXm t usg < A w> ul.
b. ul. oh vX t y wD> xD 'D; rh> 0J xH uD> w bh. vX t
td.'D; w>ul.b.ul.oh tywD>xD.b; 'D;vJRxD.
vJRxD0J'.M.vDRIAySR'd.wkmcd.ySJR90rs;u,Rrh>0JySR
oh uGJ; oh z; 'D; w> ul. b. ul. oh usdR usJ t oD w z.
b.w>rR*hRxD.tDRvX'fod; ySRzd'Hzdo.ud;*R'J;u
'd;M>b.w>vdb.t*D>M.vDRIIAzJw>o bVM>uhR
tvD>cHySRw*RvXtrh>Robert Mugabe vXtrh>(uD>
rd>yS>tz&H;uRuD>pXzSd.=tJ.uvkmok;)w*RtHRuJ
xD.0J'.w>yeD.cd.oh.vXZh.b.bGAh.uD>oDt*D>
M.vDRI
t 0J oh. 'd; M> b. w> o bV 0HR qH zSd. eH. t wD> ylRM.
Zh.b.bGAh.qSXtySRxHzduD>zdqlySRohvHmohvJ>u
wX> zJ Aq. [. &;= t. z &H; uR xH uD> t 'h w z. t
usg 'D; ym u zX ph> uD; t o; vX t w> y nd. wkR xD.
AxD.b;tCdM.vDRIAy'd.vXtxD.oDwz.rRvJ>
unDuFdo&.vHmw>upD.=AvgEGH<2749
xD.0J'.w>ul.b.ul.ohtusdRtuGm'fypH;w>t
od;ol. xD. 0JuFdtoD wz.<A[h.uFdo&.w>od.
vd< ArR *hR xD. 0J w> td. ,XR t udsR t usJ 'D; rR o ud;
bl;bl;wH>wH>'D;vD>u0DRySRw0Xoh.wz.M.vDRIAy
'd. [h. vDR t o; eD> eD> vX u 'k; td. xD. M> 0J '. w>
ul.*H>cD.xH;b.ul.ohobVqlxHzduD>zdud;*Rt
*D>vXtrh>rRvdobsAhb.w>(7)zJwDRzk.<A(6)eH.zJ
wDRxDwcsK;'H;vXtEkmvDRqlzF.pdrdRtqXuwD>M.
vDRIAzJ1988eH.vHRvHRM.y'd.wz.p;xD.Ch0Jw>
EkmvDRudFtvJwpJ;b.wpJ;0HRrRtgxD.0Jw>EkmvDR
udFtvJ<AqXuwD>cJtHRw>ChudFtvJM.'d.M>'H;w
csK; vX 'd; M> w> o bsAh t cg w> Ch udF t vJ M. vDRI Ay
'd. w> qX wJm oh. w z. tHR rR b. 'd b. xH; 0J '. xH
uD>trk>usdR0JRuGmM.vDRI
zJA1990AeH.twD>ylRuD>cd.AMugabe tHRp;xD.bSD
b.0J[D.cd.uyHmw>vD>w>usJ'ftrh>pH.{dRySJR{dR'D;
w>ol.w>zs; tvD>tusJ wz. vXtrh>ySR0gzH;zdw
z. t [D. cd. vD> usJ w z. 'f od; [D. cd.< Aw> vD> w
z. u uJ xD. uhR ySR ol zH; zd t [D. cd.< Aw> vD> M. t
*D>vDRIAySRweDReDRM.xH.0JvXb.C;w>[H;M>ql.
w>vD>wz.tHR'D; eDRz;0J0HR[h.vDR0Jql ySRt*Roh.
wz.tCdw>M.wtd.'D;w>ohw>b.vXuyXqSX
0J [D. cd.< Aw> vD> M. b.I Ab. oh. oh. u uJ xD.
w>uDw>cJvXySRZh.b.bGAh.zdtw>ol.w>zs;trk>
usdR0JRuGmt*D>M.vDRIAwRolwRo.vXt[;xD.zJ
pHmylRoh.wz.M.w>wvd;u'guhRySR0gzH;zdoh.w
z.vXRb.IArhrh>wcDqSX0Jql xH*RuD>*R'D;w>tHR'k;
vDRw-oK;0Jw>xk;xD.wRolwRo.tw>rRM.vDRI
w> w 'd; M. b. w> zH; w> rRph> uD; uJ xD. t o; w
vD>vD>vXySRolzH;zdvXtrRwh>w>wbDstcgzJySR0g
zH;zdwz.tpHmvD>ySJRvD>tylRM.vDRIA
ng ol;< bJ bh< Axl 'D; w> *hR w> 0g vX t [; xD. w bDs
cg tHR e; 'd. xD. 0J zJ vX w> [D [; xD. ySR 0g zH; zd tg M>
t *R A4000 w z. zJ t w> vD> w> usJ t vD> cH M. vDRI
udsm ph t vk> t yShR pSR vDR M. t rs; u ,R t w> xd. Cl
vX t b. w> rR eD. tDR w eH. w bsD tHR zJ A1998 AeH.
tHR td.0JA32Ars;u,R'D;vXw>c;w,muG>tDRM.
zJ A2007AeH. M. u td. 0J A150<000 rs; u ,R 'D; zJ
A2008 AeH. M. tg xD. 0J wkR vX A231<000<000 rs;
u,RvDRIAzJA2008AeH.twD>ylRud;rk>eHR'J;M.w>zd
w>vHRwz.tyhSR'd.xD.0J cHp;vX2oD3oDtwD>ylR
M.vDRI1I3uGAh>uGAh>M.vDRIAxHuD>y'd.wz.tw>
6
rk> v> w cD w> qD w vJR uhR 0J ph t vk> t yShR
A1<000<000<000<000 A'D v . ql A1A 'D v. M. u
rRpSRvDR0Judsmphtvk>tyShRvDRpSRt*D>M.vDRIArk>usdR
0JRuGmtw>vDRw-oK;csh'H;csh'l;tHRxH&l>uD>oJ;w>
wXxD.wXvDRwz.tgxD.0J'D;w>xk;xD.qgwRol
wRo.ph>uD;pSRvDR0JM.vDRIAw>tHR'k;td.xD.0JySR
zSD.zd,mzd vXtuxdwz.tuxd vXtw>rk>v>
td. xJ '. w pJ; zd vX cg ql ng t *D> M. vDRI Ab. q.
'D;tpSRuwX>M.zd'Hzdo.oh.wz.td.'H;ph>uD;'D;
w> ul. b. ul. oh w qH; w uh> M. vDRIAu rh> ph> uD;
{gI
p;xD.zJ A2000AeH.rk>usdR0JRuGmt w>qDwvJtylR
w>ul.b.ul.ohwz.td.0JvXw>rRysHRrRzk;tylR<
AudFo&.wz.b.w>pl>uG>xHuG>tDRvXMugabe
M.vDRIAt0JxH.0JvXudFo&.oh.wz.tHRtwrh>
ySR qD. xGJ tDR t *H> ql. w zk vX t w> yX w> _y; t *D>
b.M.vDRI AzJ qHzSd.eH.2 0DtwD>ylRudFo&.oh.w
z.'k;eJ.zsgxD.0Jtw>b.o;ylRbDsylRb.C;'D;t
w> 'd; M> vg vJ pSR t Cd M. vDRI AudF zd w> ul w> uR w
z.tyShR'd.0J'd.r;'D;xJ'.ySRusdmtgphtgzdwz.yShR0J
M>M.vDRIAySRudFzdtg*Rqdurd.0JudFw>ulw>uRw
ohb.cDzdst0Joh.o.0HRvDR'dtCdM.vDRIAzJ2009
eH. M. udF o &. w z. w> [h. tDR t bl; t vJ pSR M> 'H;
10'Dv>(trJ&uR)vXwvgtwD>ylRvXeyShRtD.ud.
}bJ; t bd. (10) M. vDRI AudF o &. oh. w z. p; xD.
Ch0JvgvJvXtrJ&uR'Dv>cDzdsteD>up>tphtHRw
*X>wusXR0JtCdM.vDRIAudFo&.wz.p;xD.[l;*JR

0JvXw>urRtgxD.M>tDRtvgbl; vgvJvXtxJ
od; 'D; tR z &H; uR xH uD> w z. ph A&J A15000&J vX t
vDR vX xJ od; 'D; t rJ & uR 'D v> 1500 'D v> vX w vg
t*D>M.vDRIAwcsK;'H;vXw>ChxD.wz.tHRvXxD.
ySJR'H;b.M.uFdo&.pSR*R'd;M>b.usdmphrhwrh>w>
tD.w>tDxJvXtrd>ty>td.M.vDRIA
cDzdsw>bl;w>vJpSR'D;xH&l>uD>oJ;tw>qD.oeH;Cd
udFo&.wz.[;xD.qlxH*RuD>*RvXw>c;w,m
td.0J45000*RvXtylRuGHmteH.(10)M.tod.vd
wh>w>zJZh.b.bGAh.M.vDRI
zJ2009eH.M.AChikowore,vXtrh>uD>Zh.b.bGAh.
tul.oh0JRusdRrl'gcd.vXtb.xGJ'D;uFdo&.rRo
ud;w>u%l>tHR(ZIMTA) xd.w,muG>0JvXuFdo
&.xJ'.A35Ars;u,RM.rRySJR0J'.wDRzk.ywD><A'D;
xJ'.udFo&.A33rs;u,RM.rRySJR0J'.wDRxDywD>
M. vDRI Aw> tHR [J cD zsd t o; vX uFd o &. w z. w>
[h. bl; [h. vJ tDR pSR 'D; rh> w> rR w cg vX t vXm qX
vXm u wD> vXm *H> vXm bg t Cd ySR tg *R u o; pX> qX
vXw>rR0JtHRM.qH;vDRpSRvDR0J'.'d.r;tCduJxD.
0Jw>vDRzsJ.vDR[dt'd.trk>M.vDRI
xHuD>tusd.tphwz.'fw>uoltDRvXtb.xGJ'D;
xHvD>uD>ylRw>ul.b.ul.ohtusdRtuGmwz.ph>
uD; qH; vDR pSR vDR 0J '. vX 'd; M> b. uhR w> o bV t
uwD>vHRvHRvHM.vDRIAzJA1980AeH.twD>ylRySRuFdzd
w *R vX t 'd; M> b. 0J t rJ & uR 'D v. A6A'D v. tHR
M.<A'D;zJ2009eH.pSRvDRwkRvXA0I70A'Dv.M.vDRI
AvXw>M.tCdw>tHRrRb.'d0J'.uFdzd'D;uFdo&.
oh.wz.t'd.ttgvDRIA
xH uD> t bX; uFJ; vX w> ul. b. ul. oh t *D> qH; vDR
pSR vDR 0J p; xD. vX t 'd; M> b. w> o bsAh vHR vHR M.
vDRIAzJ1980eH.M.ySRudFzdwz.'d;M>b.w>qD.xGJ
rRpXRtd.0JtrJ&uR(6)'Dv>b.q.zJ2009eH.M.
tvDRwkR0JqltrJ&uR'Dv>A0I70M.vDRIAt0JtHR
rh>w> ttXuwX>vXudFzd'D;udFo&.wz.t*D>M.
vDRI Aw> xd. 'G; w ,m 0J vX 0h> ylR udF zd t *D> vHm z; t
w>xd.ClvDRuhRqlySRudFzd(10)*RM.oloud;udFt
7 Karen Teacher Newsletter - June, 2010
Education Level Reaches All
Time Low After 30 Years of
Independence
Zimbabwe, formerly known as Rhodesia, is a
country situated in southern Africa, between the
Zambezi and Limpopo rivers. It is bordered by
South Africa, Botswana, Zambia and Mozambique
and has a population of over 12 million people.
During the late 1800's it was colonized by the British
until they gained independence in April 1980. At
the time of independence, Zimbabwe was seen as
a model country to the rest of Africa; with high levels
of literacy and developing levels of education. Over
90% of the adult population was literate and a new
education reform was implemented to enable all
children to gain an education. After independence,
the election of Robert Mugabe, from the Zimbabwe
African National Union - Patriotic Front (ZANU-
PF) symbolized a new beginning for the people of
Zimbabwe. During the first decade of
independence, Zimbabwe could boast one of the
highest literacy rates in Sub-Saharan Africa and
be proud of their achievements. The new
government was systematically enlarging their
education system, including providing new school
buildings, teacher trainings, improving access to
resources and working in partnership with local
communities. They were committed to providing
free public education to all citizens on an equal
basis, with 7 years in Primary school, followed by
6 years in Secondary school before entering
University. Since 1988, the government has
introduced and been steadily increasing the fees
attached to school enrollment, and it currently
exceeds the charges required before
independence. This is due to decisions made by
the government and reflects the countries economic
difficulties. In the late 1990's, President Mugabe
implemented a Land Reform program, as the
majority of fertile and agricultural land was owned
by the 'white' farmers and he wanted to give the
land to 'black' Zimbabweans. Some people were
concerned that taking large sophisticated farms and
sub-dividing them into plots to give to people without
the means to manage them properly could be
disastrous for the Zimbabwean agricultural
economy. Farm acquisition, without compensation
for their 'white' owners, alienated many in the
international community, and caused sharp falls in
production and rapid unemployment amongst the
labourers who used to work on the 'white'-owned
farms.
With the eviction of over 4,000 'white' farmers, and
Zimbabwe's exportation of tobacco, cotton, gold
and other goods declining, amongst other factors,
the economy was becoming rapidly worse and
less stable. Inflation rates rose from an annual rate
of 32% in 1998 to an estimate of 150,000% in
2007 and a high of 231,000,000% in 2008. As of
2008, the prices of some everyday items were
doubling every 1.3 days. The government changed
the denomination of their Zimbabwean dollars, with
Z$1,000,000,000,000 being exchanged for a new
Z$1 dollar, in the hope of curtailing inflation.
As the economy rapidly declined, political violence
was increasing and food production was dropping.
This left tens of thousands of people impoverished
and destitute; with little hope for their future. But at
least the children had their education, didn't they?
Since the economic changes in 2000, education
has been under threat and teachers have been
targeted by Mugabe, as he believed they were
not strong supporters of his rule. During the last
two decades large numbers of teachers have
frequently been on strike protesting about their low
salaries; in addition the price of school uniforms
has escalated so high they have become a luxury
item and children are often unable to concentrate
on learning due to hunger.
In January 2009, teachers were paid less than the
equivalent of US$10 for the month, which was
enough to buy 10 loaves of bread. They are now
asking to be paid in US dollars, as their own
currency is so unstable, and are campaigning to
increase their salaries to meet the regional standard
of 15,000 South African rand, approximately
US$1,500 a month. Until this is accomplished,
teachers are receiving subsidies, in monetary and
food contributions, from the few parents who are
able to offer additional support.
Due to the low salaries and political tensions, there
has been a mass exodus of teachers, with an
estimated 45,000 teachers leaving teaching during
the past 10 years. In 2009, Chikowore, President
of Zimbabwe Teachers Association (ZIMTA),
estimated that 35% of teaching posts in primary
education are not filled, whilst 33% in secondary
schools. This is due to low morale within the
teaching sector and salaries declining.
The national budget for education has been
shrinking since gaining independence; in 1980 an
average of US$6 was allocated per student and
has dropped to US$0.70 in 2009. This has had
dire consequences for students and teachers. It is
estimated that the student-textbook ration has
dropped to 1 textbook for every 10 pupils in city
schools, whilst in rural schools the ration is1
textbook for every 40 students.
Approximately 46% of the population is under 18
years old, and should have graduated Secondary
school; but around 80% of the children have left
school, or been turned away as they could not
afford the fees, US$5. In 2007, 85% of children
attended school, but this number has dropped to
below 20% in 2009. This huge decline, in such a
short period of time, is mainly due to unaffordable
school fees and a shortage of teachers. According
to the education department in November 2009,
50% of students have not progressed past primary
education and over 20,000 teachers have left the
country since 2006, leaving a shortage in teachers.
This has also caused a steadily decrease in adult
literacy numbers, leading to a larger number of
illiterate citizens.
 [D.cd.csXw>ul.b.ul.ohtoeX.
International Education News
vHmz;wbh.M.vDRIArhrh>cdcd.udFzdwcDySRudFzd(40)
*R M. b. ol o ud; 0J udF t vHm z; w bh. M. vDRI Aw>
xd. 'G; 0J vX ySR xH zd uD> zd t eD. *H> 46 rs; u ,R M. rh>
(18)eH.qltzDvmwz.vXub.zsdxD.wDRcX.o;
M.vDRIAb.q. ySRuFdAzdA80rs;u,Rtgwuh>[;
xD.uGHmuFdvXw>*h>uDtgrHRtusgymCkm'D;t0Joh.
wz.uxD.uFdt*D>usd.ph w>*h>uDcJvXtrh>uFdbl;
uFdvJvXtvDRvXtrJ&uR'Dv.5'Dv>M.vDRIA
zJA2007AeH.M.ySRuFdzdA85Ars;u,RC.C.xD.0J
'.uFdM.vDRIAb.q.teD.*H>wcDweH.'D;weH.M.
vDRpSRuGHm0JuGAh>uGAh>yX>wkRvXA2009eH.M.td.wh>
uhR'.xJA20Ars;u,R{dRM.vDRIA
vXw>qXuwD>zk.udmtylRw>td.o;b.uJxD.0J
'f tHR M. t cD. xH; cD. bd [J 0J vX w> [h. udF bl; udF vJ
w M> 'D; udF o &. w vX w vD. t Cd M. vDRI Aw> ul.
b. ul. oh 0JR udsR t w> ym zsg zJ vg ed. 0h bX. A2009
eH. t ylR ySR uFd zd A50Ars; u ,R [; xD. uGHm ql uFd M.
vDRI AuFd o &. o &. rk. 20<000 bsJ.ph> uD; [; xD.
uGHmqluD>ylRzJA2006eH.tylRM.vDRIAymwh>uGHmwDR
'X; vX udF o &. w vX w vD. M. vDRI Aw> *h> 0J tHR uJ
xD.0Jw>*h>uDvXySR'd.wkmcd.ySJRwz.w>ohvHmoh
vJ>teD.*H>vDRpSR'D;ySRxHzduD>zdtwohvHmohvJ>t
eD.*H>tgxD.M.vDRI
vXZh.b.bGAh.txHuD>ylRzJuFdp;xD.u'guhRtu
wD> M.ySRuFdzdA1<115A*R[JxD.u'guhRuFd vXurR
vdu'D;w> vXtoDweH.t*D>A'D;ySRuFdzdvXt[h.
t uFd vJ M> AM. td. '. xJ A100 A*R{dRzJ vX y 'd. rR pSR
vDR 0J 10 'D v> ql 2 'D v> rh vX rd> y> vX t w> rR td. w
z.'d;M>b.w>bl;w>vJweHRxJ'.w'Dv.M.vDRI
ySRudFzdvXw[h.b.udFvJwz.w>[h.tDRw>qXu
wD>A5oDvXuCk0JudFtvJM.vDRIAw>*h>uDtd.xD.
ph>uD;0JvXuFdzdweDRCkzH;CkrRw>vXqXuwD>vDR[d
wz.b.q.uFdzd[h.0JuFdvJwM>b.tvD>cH zJw
EGH ylR uGHmqXuwD> ySR rRw>vXuFdtp &Dy wD> w*RqSX
unDuFdo&.vHmw>upD.=AvgEGH<2749
u'guhRySRuFdzd t*RA889A*Rqlt[H.cDzsduFdzdoh.
w z. tHR [h. 0J uFd vJ w M> b. t Cd M. vDRI [H.
zdCdzdw z. rh> zSD. 'D; w xH. M> usJ [; xD. eD w bd vX
u ylR zJs; 'D; w> zSD. w> ,m b. q. t 0J oh. *km usJ; pX;
'f od; t zd t vHR w z. u rR vd b. w> M. vDRI
(Joseph) vXtrh>u&h;pf'D;r%SJvfty>rHrD.0JxDbd
vX t u M> qSX b. t zd rk. ql udF M. vDRI Ab. q. cJ
tHRM.t0Joh.rRw>wylRCDvXtrh>w>cl.xD.M>0J
'.w>CHw>uGJvXw>urSHRylmtusgM.vDRIt0Joh.
rh>M>b.w>uh w> cD vX t vX ySJR M. od vh. [J wkR 0J
b.qXb.uwD>vXu[H;M>w>CHM.vDRI trh> rl; wbsDngtHRM.vDRIAw>weH.M.t0JuwdR
zJM.(Joseph)y.Cmusd.phohvXtzdr.k uxD.b. vDRw>vXuFdzd'D;uFdo&.oh.wz.trJmngb.C;
uFdvXwEGHt*D>M.vDRIAb.q.Ck w> CH rh> w M> M. 'D; w> ul. b. ul. oh t w> [h. *H> [h. bg w z. M.
t0Joh.qJ;rRu'D;w>cl.M>w>uhw>cDu'D;M.vDRI vDRIA(Herald) vXtrh>vD>u0DRw>upD.ymzsg0Jt
t 0J '. pH; 0J '.?,rRw>tHRrh>tb.'dzdo.w> cGJ; od;uD>cd.tHRuwdRvDRw>'D;pH;0J?yCh0Ho;plRok'D;
w> ,m w rHR rHR {gI/At0Joh.w-uX; rR w> b.I A, y ym u zX vX y o; vX ok cD zsd vX ok rR w> *hR *hR b.
o;qgvDR,o;b.q.,ub.rRw>rEkRvJ.I b.< Ab. q. w> uG> xGJ ok w wkR vDR wDR vDR b. t
Zh.b. bGAh.ty'd.wz.tHRoh.nge>yX>0J'. 'D;y CdyyD>,>vDRuhRyo;vHIAokrRw>b.q.ok'd;M>
vXX> b. 0J w> td. o; oh. w z. vX uFd o &. oh. w b.w>bl;w>vJ 'D;w>bsK;w>zSd.wcDwrh>w> eDw
z.tHRcDzsdtw> uDw>cJvXtb.uG>qX.rJm0Jtd. rHRb.IAw>bl;w>vJvXok'd;M>b.wz.rh>'.w>
tuvkmuvkmtCdw>td.o;uDcJ'D;w>qD.oeH; w qH; w uh> vDRIAw rh> w> vX t wkR vDR xD. b;
w z. vX t [J b. rRb. 'd t 0J oh. w z. tHR u uJ b.I/AvXcHuwX>vXw>o;b.'dtylRt0JpH;0J?cJ
xD.w>*h>uDz;'d.vXxHzduD>zdvXcHpdRwpdRt*D>o tHRyw>ul.b.ul.oh'D;yySRuvkmtywD>tHRvDR
yS>yS>M.vDRIAvXw>*h>0JtHRtzDcd.ul.ohrl'gcd.vX wd> 0J 'd. r; vX w> ud; u yR 'J; t ylR M. vDRI Ab. q.
trh> David Coltart, w*RtHR'dol.'do;oyS>yS>vX 'D;xDbdM.w>vD>w>usJtd.0JvXw>rR*hRxD.w>t
uFd o &. oh. w z. t w> wl> b. eD> eD> t Cd t 0J Ch *D>'D;,rk>v>vXw>cJvXmM.u*hRxD.0JM.vDRI/
xD.0J'.w>rRpXRqD.xGJ450uuGJ>'Dv>trJ&uR'D uFdo&.w z.ph> uD;td.rl'H;'.w>vXw>CH;w>phR
v.vXuD>csX(Over Sea) rh>'fod;u'd;M>b.w>rR tzDcd. xDbd Ckm'D;vgvJvXtwvXwvD.'D;eD>u
pXRqD.xGJvXuFdoh.wz.t*D>M.vDRIAtw>ynd. p>tw>olw>pGJw>vd.wz.'D;tgM>tM.t0Joh.
wcDrh>0J'fod;uuhRtd;xD.u'guhRuFdwz.'D;tgM> wz.b.w>[JrRb.'dph>uD;tDRvDR (HIV/AIDS)
t M. uFd o &. oh. w z. u uhR rR uhR w> t vD> M. w>qgoh.wz.M.vDRIAw>rRvdvD> vXuD>tRz&H;
vDRI AbD rk> th uFX; pH. w z. ph> uD; w vDR wH> vDR qJ; 0J uRuvHRxH;wuyRM.uFdo&.o;eH.td.A25AeH.
vX u rR pXR qD. xGJ Zh. b. bGAh. cD zds w> rR t o; vg 'D; A34AeH. t bX. pXR 21 Ars; u ,R M. td. Ckm 'D;
ngtd.ym0JtCdM.vDRIAtCdw>urRto;'D;Zh. (HIV) w>qg<Arhrh>vXZh.b.bGAh.tuD>ylRM.w>
b. bGAh. t udF o &. 'D; udF zd w z. 'f vJ.I AtH; p bJ xd.w,muG>tDRuFdo&.vXoXylwylM.td.Ckm0J
o;eH.A13eH.vXtrd>ty>ymwh>tDR'D;tzHw*Rt 'D; (HIV/AIDS) M.vDRIAw>*h>0JtHRrRb.'d0J'.ySRw
w> rk> v> td. 0J vX u uJ xD. b. udF o &. rk. 0HR u 0XCkm'D;uFdzdoh.wz.cDzsduFdo&.oh.wz.td.'D;
od. vd zd 'H zd o. vX t 'l o 0D M. vDRI Ab. q. udF w w>qgoh.wz.tCdt0Joh.ub.[;xD.w>rR
zsX.vXtwtd;xD.vXRwzsX.wrRzsgxD.0Jtw>rH ub.[H;tcGJ;cDzsdweDRuJxD.w>oHw>yS>weDRb.
rD.b.M.vDRIAtH;pbJpH0J?cJtHR,rRvd(7)wDR<A, 'deD>up>uh>*DRtCdweDRwql.wcVvXRb.M.vDRI
ymvDR,o;vX,u'd;b.pJ;wcsK;vXc&Hmtd.zsJ. AzJvXuFdo&.oh.wz.rh>w[JxD.vXRuFdM.uFdzd
b.M.vDRIAb.q.'D;udFo&.wtd.vXRvXudFylR
vXRb.IAtCd,b.xD.u'guhR'.(7)wDRtoDw
bDs M. vDRIArh> vX udF w> yD; w> vD 'D; udF o &. w td.
b.tCd,wrRvdb.w>vX2008eH.tylReDwrHR
b.I/
w>td.o;'ftHRuJxD.nDEk>to;vXudFud;zsX.'J;zJ
Zh.b.bGAh.'D;ySRzd'Hzdo.tg*Rb.[;xD.uGHmvX
udFrh>vXto&.oh.wz.xH.b.w>uDw>cJtgrHR
tCdM.vDRIAwcsK;'H;vXw>rRvRuyDRw>obVrk>
eHR'H;b.M.uD>cd.A Mugabe M.t0Jud;zSd.&dzSd.'D;
uGJrkm0J'.ySRuFdzdcJvXmvX w>vD>tgwDRvXuD>ylR 'f
8

oh. w z. b. w> od. vd tDR vX o &. vX t td. wh>
'H; oh. w z. rh w rh> t 0J oh. b. td. u vD uGHm 0J '.
M.vDRIA
w> xX Ekm ySJR uhR uFd o &. w z. M. uD cJ 0J o yS> yS> M.
vDRIAzJuFdo&.w*Rrh>oHuGHmM.w>*h>uDtd.xD.0J
cD zsd t w> oh w> b. 'D; t w> oh. ng w z. w 'f od;
vdm t o; t Cd w> tHR uD cJ 0J eD> eD> 'D; rR b. 'd Ckm ph>
uD;'D;ySRw0Xt'd.ttg M.vDRIAZh.b.bGAh.txH
uD>ylRuFdo&.A80<000A*RvDRr>uGHm0JcDzsd(HIV/
AIDS)w>qgwz.tCd'D;w>0JtHRuDcJ0J'd.eD>r;vX
w>uCkrRySJRuhRtDRt*D>M.vDRIAvXw>M.t CdySR
uFdzd 'D'l.'DxXvXuD>ylRwz.b.td.uhR0JuvDcDzsd
o&.oh.wz.wtd.vXtCdM.vDRIA
(HIV/AIDS) w>qgtHRwrh>xJtulCkm*mCkm0JxJ
uFd zd 'D; uFd o &. w z. {dR b.IAySR zd 'H zd o. tg *R ph>
uD;uJxD.ph>uD;w>uDw>cJvXw>zH;vdrRvdtylRy
rhuG> (Esther)Aydmrk.zdo;eH.td.xJA9AeH.{dRw*RcJ
tHRuJxD.uhRySRt&h'd.uwX>vXt[H.zdCDzdt*D>
rh> vX w> qg 0J tHR [J uJ xD. t o; tX tXoD oDt Cd
M.vDRIA(Esther)AtHRt0JvJRuhRqluFdwwkRvXRb.
weH. bsJ.vHrh>vXt0Jb.uG>xGJ0Jtrd>vXtuoH
cJrk>qh.cJrk>[gcDzds(AIDS) w>qg<A'D;tyk>'hrk.18
vgw*RM.vDRIAw>0JtHRw>bl;w>vJvXw>u[h.
rRpXRqD.xGJzdo.tHRwtd.eDwrHRb.IAt0Jub.
rRpXRqD.xGJtH;xGJuG>uhRt[H.zdCDzd'H;[H.cd.rk.
w*Rtod;w>qXuwD>wtd.0JeDwpJ;vXturRvd
w>t*D>M.vDRIA(Obert)rh>ySRA13AeH.zdw*Rt0J'.
b.uG>xGJuhRtzHzJvXtrdtygoHvX(AIDS) 0HRt
vD>cHM.vDRIAt0J*kmusJ;CkM>w>qXuwD>vXpSREGHt
wD>ylR'fod;uCkM>usd.phvXtw>ul.b.ul.oht
*D> vDRI At 0J '. b. vJR cl. 0J xl vX t udF vJ t *D> M.
vDRI AxJ '. xl zd w zD; M. 'd; M> b. 0J t rJ & uR A2 'D
v.vXtvd.b.0JM.vDRIAt0J'.t[H.zdCDzdM.
rRb.w>*hR*hRw bDs t cg zJ ySR0gzH;zdtusg'f t rh> ySR
&J.usJRw>vXySR0gzH;zdtpHmylRM.vDRIAb.q.cJtHR
t zHb. Ch u n; 0J '. ql uFd ySR b. rl b. 'g 'f od; t
vHRutd.b.uFdM.vDRIA
?,vHRcGgrh>wxD.b.uFdcDzsdvXw>yShRw>uvHR'd.
t Cd 'D; , o; u oh. z; b. t o; vDRI A, u *km
usJ;pX;Ckusd.phwRk ,oHI/
'D;pH;0JtvHRcGg
? ql ng , rh> wvJR qluFdM. , w> rk> v> u cH; ol 'D;
wkRrh>,'d.xD.M.,woh.ngw>eDwrHRb.’’
M.(Obert)ub.wd>M>0J'.M.vDRI
uFd o &. w z.<AuFd zd w z. 'D; ySR w 0X w z. ol. ql.
o;*JRvXw>rRvd'D;u'd;M>u'guhRZh.b.bGAh.w>
ul. b. ul. oh vX t rHR [l o. zsg wh> w bDs t cg M.
vDRI At 0J oh. Ck ph> uD; w> rR t *km t *R vX t rh> w>
xX w> CH 'D; y vD w z. vX w> rk> v> 'f od; u tD. b.
tDb.zJt-uX;<Au[h.vDRb.w>ul.b.ul.oh
'D; w> rR vd M. t *D> M. vDRI Ab. q. w> oh. w z.
tHRuvDRqDxD.vXySRvXcHwpdRwz.t*D>upD'D{gI
9 Karen Teacher Newsletter - June, 2010
In one typical rural school in Zimbabwe, 1,115
students arrived on the first day of term at the
school, which was half finished, to start their learning.
Only 100 students had paid their fees, which had
been reduced from $10 to $2 to help struggling
parents, where the average wage is $1 a day, if
employed. Those students who had not paid their
fees were given 5 days from the start of term to find
the money; but a week later the school accountant
sent 889 students home for non-payment of fees.
Even though families are in poverty and can see
no way out for themselves, they continue to try
everything possible to ensure their children gain
some level of education. Joseph, father to Grace
and Michelle, dreams of earning enough money
to send his daughters to school, but for now they
work together digging bones from a rubbish heap
and selling them. If they can find enough bones,
and the trucks arrive on time, Joseph is able to
save enough money for his daughters to go to
school for a week, but if not, they continue working
in the rubbish heaps. "What I am doing is child
abuse really," he says. "They should not be
working like this. It hurts me but I don't know what
else to do." The government is aware of the plight
of the teachers, due to their strikes and support
from teachers unions, and the effect the current
education system is having on the next generation
of Zimbabweans. The Education Minister, David
Coltart, is aware of the hardships teachers face,
even traveling to and from school costs too much
for some, and he has requested over $450 million
from overseas agencies for schools, with the aim
of "getting the schools reopened and teachers back
to work." International agencies are wary of
financially supporting Zimbabwe due to past events.
So what is to become of the teachers and students
of Zimbabwe? Isabel, whose parents left her with
her grandparents, is a 13 year old girl who still
hopes and dreams of becoming a teacher and
helping the children of her village. But the closed
schools are not helping her dream come true. Isobel
explains, "I am in grade 7 in school. I was supposed
to write my exams before Christmas, but the
teachers were not there, so now I have to repeat
7th grade. We did not learn anything at school in
2008 because there were no resources or
teachers." This has become the situation in most
schools in Zimbabwe, with more and more children
not able to continue their education due to the
difficulties faced by their teachers.
Days before celebrating Independence Day,
President Mugabe invites children from around the
country to a children's party. This year he made a
speech to the teachers and children who attended.
The Herald, the local newspaper, reported
Mugabe saying, "To the teachers, it is with great
regret and apologies that your reward has been
nothing but a mere pittance, not worthy calling
salaries at all just allowances." He was later to be
heard saying, "Our standards have fallen, but of
course there is always room for improvement and
the hopes that things will get better."
As well as teachers living in extreme poverty, with
low salaries and self-esteem, they are also being
affected by HIV/AIDS. A study in South Africa
showed 21% of teachers aged between 25 and
34 years old are living with HIV; and in Zimbabwe
approximately one third of teachers are infected.
This has a devastating impact on the communities
and students; as teachers with HIV/AIDS will take
time off of work for illness, funerals and the
psychological effects of the illness. When a teacher
does not attend school, students are often taught
by another teacher or left untaught. As the supply
of teachers is minimal, when one dies, it has a
significant impact on the students and whole
community; and replacing skilled teachers is
extremely difficult. Zimbabwe has lost over 80,000
teachers to HIV/AIDS and is unable to replace
them, leaving many students without a teacher.
HIV/AIDS not only affects teachers but also
students. Many children, like Esther who is 9 years
old, become responsible for family members when
the illness becomes worse. Esther has not been to
school for over a year because she has to care for
her mother, who is dying of AIDS and her 18 month
old sister. There is no support for children who
care for their family members, and they take over
the role of leader of the house; leaving no time for
school and education.
Obert is a 13 year old who has looked after his
grandmother since his parents died from AIDS. He
spends a few weeks illegally panning for gold in
an attempt to find money for his school fees. Just
one gold 'point', the smallest amount he can sell,
would earn him the $2 he needs. His family used
to be well off, working as a manager on a 'whites'
farm, but now his grandmother has to plead with
the school to let her grandson attend, "If my child
doesn't finish high school because of school fees,
my heart will break. I will die trying to find the money."
Obert recognizes that his, "future is dark if I don't
go to school; you grow up not knowing anything."
Teachers, communities and students are eager to
learn and regain Zimbabwe's renowned education
system, and even take on extra jobs, including
collecting bones and bottles, in the hope of earning
enough to survive and provide an education/learn.
But will it make a difference to the next generation?
Continued from page 5
incident occurred when the Burma Army, in a
surprise attack, were force to become potters.
Saw Hsit Poe, who is involved in security for that
area said, “The Burma Army shoot everyone if the
villagers don’t come to face them. They think that
all the villagers who run away are Karen Soldiers.
In fact, those men are afraid of carrying ammunition
for the Burma Army."
After the Burma Army shot Susanna’s father, they
bound his legs with chains and killed him outside
the village.
See Keh Der and Ha Toe Per villagers are located
in Kho Khee track, Htaw T’htu township, Taungoo
District.
 w>upD.vDRqDoeX.
Focus Story
ySR rR pXR u nD uD> pJ. w> ul. b. ul. oh t o.(zJchcgqXuwD>0JM.)eD.b.uhRo&.rk.tw> wkRrh>y,>&DudF[;*DRuGHm0HRtvD>cHySRudFzdwz.ph>
qduwX>tw>vJRylRuGmH ySR u wdR zJ t 0J vJR vDR td. o &. rk. eD> vGH> p. t cd. zJ uD;vDR_yHvDR_yg<A[;td.uhRudF*RylR*RwDRM.vDRIAo
eD>vGH>p.bJpX.<A69eH.vXtrh>ySRtqduwX>tusg
w *R vX t qD. xGJ rR pXRX uD> ol vhR u nD w> ul. b.
ul.ohAymwh>uGHmt[H.zdCDzd'D;torloud;zdw
z.zJA2I02I2010<Ac.vH.zdeH,gcDzdscJpX.w>qgM.
vDRI
eD> vHG> p. AbJ pXR td. zsJ. xD. zJ A0h> w ul. zJ 1941 eH.
M. vDRI At 0J rR vd w> zJ 0h> w ul. wkR t zds xD. t wDR
(10)'D;vJRrRvdu'D;zF.pdrdRzJAxX;zf<AbD;pxX.uD>
pJ.<AuD>trJ&uRM.vDRIAzJtrRvdw>tqXuwD>
b. zJ M. 0h ok; y 'd. xD. yX w> t cg M. vDRI AeD> vGH> p>
ty>w>qdS;tDRvXwbDstcgqD.xGJrRpXR0JpDRb;tl
uFHvXuds.phw>rRpXRvXtb.C;'D;w>vd;uhRy,DR
y 'd. vX u nD ok; zd xD. [H; M> y ,DR y 'd. t ph wX; M.
vDRIA
eD>vG>H p>zJo;p>'H;tuwD>
zJeD>vGH>p>[JuhREkmvDR[;qluD>y,DR0HR'D;M.0hok;y
'd.wysJvXRtDRvXu[;xD.u'gvXRb.t Cdt0J
b.xD.0HRuhRzF.pdrdRzJ0h>wul.M.vDRIAzJ1956'D;
1958 eH. M. t 0J 'd; M> b. ph> uD; uD> y ,DR rk. CH vR
(2)bDsM.vDRIAzJ1963eH.ok;cd.vhxh.uhRrRoud;
w>'D;M.0hok;y'd.tcgxH.vdmto;0HR'd;wh'd;zsDt
o;zJ1964eH.M.vDRIAzJ1965eH.w>ul.oHok;cd.
vhxh.vXM.0hok;y'd.tvD>cHeD>vGH>p.bJpX. 'D;ySR
ok;zdydmtcHwz.[JuhRxD.u'guhRqlok;uh A5(cJ
tHRok;uhA1<A'loxl.uD>&h.)[D.u0DR'D;p;xD.u
'guhRw>yX>qXM.vDRIA
?cJtHR,ub.[H;xD.zD.xD.,0Rtw>zH;w>rR
vDRIAp;xD.rk>weHR tHR'D;qlngM.xH.vXR,R'fod;
ydmrk.w*RvXRw*hR<Arhrh>wcDxH.,R'fod;ydmcGgw
*Rtod;wuh>I/Aok;uoH.o&.ok;cd.*D>*h>pDRtH
unDuFdo&.vHmw>upD.=AvgEGH<2749
bd.wJpcg<A'l,hqh;tcgM.vDRI
o&.pDRvg(wrh>rHReD>uD>)o;eH.(73)eH.vXttd.
zJ w; yD o 0D vX uJ xD. udF cd. w eH. CD 'D; o &. rk. eD>
vGH>p>uhRoh.eD.xD.uhR0J
?zJt0J[JuhRxD.u'guhRoDoDzJoxl.t0h>'D;csHpJ;
t cg M. t 0J [J uhR wD Ckm udF vHm vJ> w> yD; w> vD vX
vXySJRySJRM.vDRI/A
o &. rk. eD> vGH> p. rh> ySR w *R vX t tJ. w> ul. b.
ul. oh 'D; tg M> t M. t tJ. b. u nD zd 'H zd o. M.
td. zsg 0J -wX> u vm vX M. vHR vHR M. vDRI Ao &. rk.
eD>vGH>p.zJt[JuhRwDcd.&d.rJ0Jt0Rtok;tuwD>
M.od.vdph>uD;w>zJy,>&Do0D'fudFcd.w*Rtod;
M.vDRI
o &. rk. eD> vGH> p> t ySR udF zd vD> vHR eD> *hR (w rh> rHR eD>
uD>)vXttd.o0DCDzdysJ> oh.eD.ph>uD;o&.rk.eD>
vGH>p>M.vDRIA?o&.rk.M.od.vdySRudRvR0gudsm
vDRwH>*hRr;<At0J[Jod.vdySRwEGHwbDswEGHwbDsM.
vDRIAzJt0J[Jod.vdySRwbDsv>v>M.,uG>xHtDR< eD>vGH>p.rh>wh>ySRw*RvXwDcd.&d.rJ[l;*JRwh>w>vX
AvX , o; ylR w cD , qd u rd. , rh> 'd. xD. M. , 'd. uD> y ,DR w> rkm w> ck. 'D; w> qD w vJ t *D> vX vD> o
w>uCHvR'fod;tDRvDRI/
vD>u0DRzJo&.rk.eD>vGH>p.td.b.wh>0JtvD>M.
tgwuh>ySRoh.ngtDR<AtJ.b.tDR<AymuJtDR'ft
rh>cd.e>w*RM.vDRIAzJqXuwD>0JM.t0Jrhrh>'.ydm
rk. cd. e> o; p> w *R b. q. cd. e> od. 'l w z. tJ.
b.tDR<AymuJtDR'fcd.e>eD>eD>w*Rtod;M.vDRIAt
0Jemph>uD;0JvXySRwuvkmu'd;M>w>obsht*D>M.
w>tvd.'d.uwX>rh>0Jw>ul.b.ul.ohM.vDRIA
?o&.rk.M.xDbdwJySRvXy0JySRunDzdwz.ypJRcH
vXw>ul.b.ul.ohwuyRtgr;tCdt0J'.[h.
*H>[h.bgySRvXyurRvdw>ql.ql.'D;rk>weHRM.y
u uJ y ySR u vkm t pk 'k. pk wDR M. vDRI/AApDR u v;<
Atd.o 0DCDzdysJ>'D;rRvd0J4wDRzJo&.rk.eD>vGH>p.
od. vd w> zJ y ,> &D t qX u wD>oh. eD. u 'g uhR o
&.rk.tw>uwdRwz.M.vDRI
t0JpH;u'D;0J?o&.rk. M.td.'D;txHG.'Drd>zgcH'k
vXeCkxGH.tuvkmvXvD>u0DRzJtHRwb.b.M.
vDRIA,k>M>0Jtzgw'ktrHRvX[.cFd.'D;trd>w'kw
cDtrHRvXr;nL;M.vDRI/A
y,>&DudvX
F o&.rk.eD>vG>H p.bJpX.od.vdwh>w>
10
&. pDR vg pH; 0J< A?zJ y ,> &D udF uhR td; xD. u 'g uhR w
ohvXRb.bDsM.o&.rk.tySRudFzdzJy,>&Dwz.[J
uhRChEkmvDRtd.uhRudFvXw;yDudFtCd'f,rh>udFcd.
w*Rtod;,wl>vdmt0Joh.cJvXmM.vDRI/
t 0J wD cd. &d. rJ 0J ok; uh (5) w eH. 0HR w> qSX xD. u 'g
uhR tDR ql uD> ol vhR t vD> cX. o;zJ M. 0HR t vD> cH ok;
vD>ok;usJql0h>cgvH.zd eH,g<AuD>trJ&uRM.vDRI
AzJ1967eH.M.t0J'd;wh'd;zDsu'D;to;'D;ySRtrJ&
uR zd Au &J Ac &h vX t xH. vdm wh> t o; zJ vX t vJR
xD.zF.pdrdRzJxX;zftqXuwD>'D;xD.zd0Jtzdrk.(2)
*R'D;tzdcGgw*RM.vDRIAt0Jrh>wzD.ySRpku0JRzdvXR
b.q.xDbdM.*JRysK>*JRqS;w>vXtySRuvkmt*D>
M.vDRIAzJt0JvJRtd.qDvDRuhRto;zJuD>trJ&uR
M. *km usJ; pX; w> vX uD> y ,DR w> rkm w> ck. 'D; w> o
bsh t *D> M. vDRI At 0J rh> ySR t cd. t usg w *R vX t 'k;
td.xD.0J?uD>y,DRysJ>pD>/(Burma Forum)M.vDRI
eX.tgwDR'ftrh>AU.S. Campaign
for Burma (Washington D.C.), and Alternatives for
Burmese Children (Seattle)'D;wuwD>CDwDcd.&d.
rJ [l; *JR 0J w> vX ySR u nD zd vX t vJR ok; vD> ok; uJs ql
uD>trJ&uRwz.t*D>M.vDRI
o&.pDRohvXmvXtrh>US Campaign for Burma t
Board of Director rRoud;b.w>'D;o&.rk.bl;
bl; wH> wH> vX w> qX u wD> z; ,Hm t ylR w *R oh. ng
ymyeD.0J'.o&.rk.ymyeD.0Jo&.rk.eD>vGH>p.bJ
pX.tw>ymo;vX?w>td.Ckmqd;CkmvXttd.'D;
w>emM>vdmo;,>cD,>cD/M.vDRI
t0JpH;0J<?vGH>p.rh>ySRw*RvXxDbdM.tJ.'d;0JvXySR
unDzdoh.wz.utd.0Jqd;0Jrkmrkmck.ck.'D;uvkm
'l.t*Rwz.M.vDRIAb.q.'D;t0Joh.ng0J'.*hR
*hRvX?w>ymuJvdmo;,>cD,>cD/'fod;uwkRxD.
0J ql w> rkm w> ck. t *D> M. vDRI Ay ,DR u vkm rh> w ym
uJ ySR u nD Arh w rh> ySR u nD rh> w y m uJ y ,DR u vkm
b.'D;w>rkmw>ck.td.0Jqd;0Jwoh0Jb.M.vDRI/
o&.rk.eD>vGH>p.*kmusJ;pX;bs;pJtw>u&Xu&dph>
uD;'D;w>u&Xu&dt*kmt*RvXttd.qDvDRto;
vX uD> t *R w z. M. vDRI At 0J em ph> uD; 0J vX w> qJ;
usd; bs; pJ rR o ud; w> vX uD> y ,DR w> qD w vJ t *D>
M.tug'd.0J'd.r;M.vDRIAt0Jb.w>oh.ngtDR
vXxH*kRuD>*R'fypH;w>tod;unDrhwrh>y,DRw>u
&Xu&dtgr;'D;ySRtg*Roh.ngymuJtDRtgr;M.vDRI
Aol. p> o; bD. tg 'H tg *R vX t xH. b. tDR w z.
oh.ngymyeD.0JvXeD>vGH>p.bJpX.M.rh>ySRw*RvX
xD bd 'D; xD bd M. [h. *H> [h. bg ol. p> o; bD. oh.
 11 Karen Teacher Newsletter - June, 2010
w z. 'f od; u Ck tg xD. w> ul. b. ul. oh 0HR rR pXR Karen Education Assistance's First
uhRtySRuvkmM.vDRI Supporter, Naw Louisa Benson,
egZd.,.zgvXtrh>International Coordinator of Passes On
Burma Campaign UK pH;0J<?,p;xD.xH.rk>*>eD> Naw Louisa Benson Craig died on 2nd February, 2010,
vGH>p.bJpX.zJ2000eH.t wD>ylR(ub.zJ2003)t age 69, surrounded by her family and friends after battling
cancer for many years. She was born in Rangoon in
u wD> zJ w> rR 0J w> td. zdS. t &h 'd. w cg zJ uD> qX w> 1941 to a Portugese father and a Karen mother, where
vD> w wDR M. vDRI At 0J [h. *H> [h. bg ,R 'f od; , u she studied until she completed Standard 10, and then
traveled to America to study at Tuffts University in Boston.
rRvdw>xDxD0HRrRpXRuhR,ySRuvkmM.vDRI/ When Ssaw Ba U gyi began organizing the revolution,
egZd.,.zgpH;u'D;0J<“,yvX>b.vXt0JM.tJ. his soldiers withdrew money from the Burmese
t ySR u vkm vX ol. 'D zsX. o; 'D zsX. 'D; w u wD> CD ym Government banks, but when they were unable to repay
ol.ymo;ph>uD;uvkmt*RvXuD>y,DRtylRwz.cJ it,GyiNaw Louisa's father, Saw Benson gave Saw Ba U
the money ensuring they were not indebted to the
vXmM.vDRIAt0JemoyS>yS>0J'H.rd.u&h.pH.'D;w> government. General Ne Win controlled the country whilst
ol.vDRqDvDRuD>pXzdS.zJySRuvkmvDRqDvdmo;td. Naw Louisa was studying in America, and he never
0J tg '. vJm rkm vR o; zSH o ud; 0J w> xJ od; wk Rod; t forgot that is was her father who helped Saw Ba U Gyi.
He didnt want Naw Louisa and her family to gain a higher
w>cGJ;w>,mM.vDRI” education or rise in power, so when she returned to Burma
after graduation from Tuffts University, he did not allow her
to travel abroad again for further studies, therefore restricting
her to study at Rangoon University.
Naw Louisa won the title of 'Miss Burma' in 1956 and
1958 and appeared in several films. In 1963, Naw Louisa
met General Lin Htin, commander of Brigade 5 forces
(which is now Brigade 1, Doo Tha Htoo District) who had
surrendered with Saw Hunter Tha Mwe to the Burmese
regime. Lin Htin and Naw Louisa were married a year
later in Rangoon. In 1965, Lin Htin was assassinated by
Military Intelligence whilst preparing to return to the jungle
to meet with Karen leaders, leaving Naw Louisa a widow
eD>vG>H p.zJt*JRpH;*JRuwdRw>vXuvkm'l. at the age of 24. After his funeral, she led her husband's
t*D>0HR'doud;w>*DR followers back to Brigade 5 to continue struggling for the
revolution.
"Now I have to take the duty of leader instead of my
yrh>uG>uhReD>vGH>p.bJpX.c&htw>td.rlw>vJRcDzds husband. From this moment onwards, do not see me as
wz.tHRtd.0JxJw>*JRvdmw>vXuD>y,DRw>rkmw> aSaw woman, see me as a man" recalls a military medic,
Ei Tha, remembering what Naw Louisa told him as
ck.'D;w>xJod;wkRod;t*D>y oh.ngb.vHvXto he escorted her from Bo Tae, Du Yin Seik to a safer place.
rlzdoud;zdvXtrRb.w>'D;tDRwz.ttd.M.vDRI Naw Louisa cherished education and promoted it to her
At0JtHRrh>w>'d*hRwJmb.wcgvXy0J'.oh.wz.y people. While assuming the role of her late husband, she
also became the principal of Pa Ya Raw school; showing
u [H; M> tDR 'D; *km uJs; pX; y 0J 'f od; y u 'd; M> b. y ySR her love for children and an enthusiasm for learning. Saw
uvkm*H>cD.xH;w>cGJ;w>,mM.vDRIAt0JteD>up> Lah (not his real name), a 73 year old man from Ta Paw
rh> w xH. b. 0J uD> y ,DR w> rkm w> ck. vX t qX xH. village, became principal of his village’s school in 1965,
the same year that Naw Louisa became principal in the
b. 0J vX t *km usJ; pX; ph> uD; ql. ql. vX t eD> u p> neighbouring village. He told Phru Pwgo, “When she
'.0Jb.q.y0JvXttd.vDRwJmwh>wz.yw>em came back to Doo Tha Htu district, she brought enough
rh>0Jw>wrHRCD'D;tDRtCdyu*kmusJ;pX;oud;y0JeD> school materials for everyone to use.”
eD>w*RvXyoeX.'.0JwkRywkRxD.vXt0Jtw>qX Naw Lousia believed the most important thing for the
future of her people was education and freedom. In 2002,
rk> v> M. vDRI A'd. M> tg M> t M. eD> vGH> p. bJ pX. t Naw Louisa, then living in the United States, became an
w> ym wh> uGHm ySR tHR rh> 0J w> vDR r> z; 'd. vX y 0J u nD active supporter of the Karen State Education Assistance
uD>pJ.w>ul.b.ul.oht*D>tCdyqSXCDRw>o; Group (then known as the Kawthoolei Education Fund)
which provides teacher subsidies, school material, sports
tk;vXy0JunDuD>pJ.udFo&.<Ao&.rk.'D;udFzdw equipment and basic health to teachers and students
throughout Karen State. This project continues to be
z.tcX.p;M.vDRI
vX cH u wX> y tJ. 'd; pH; 'f tHR< A? o &. rk. {X< Arh w rh> active in Karen communities where people suffering from
a lack of food, poor security and abject poverty struggle
vXeR'D;Alternatives For Brumese Chilldern (ABC) to provide subsidies for teachers, who themselves have
b. M. y u nD uD> pJ. w> wd pXR rR pXR u &l> tHR [J td. no time to farm due to their classroom responsibilities.
zsJ.xD.0Jwoh0Jb.yorXtvD>wtd.b.M.vDRI Without teachers the schools can not open and therefore
children would be unable to gain an education and help
ypH;bsK;b.eR'd.r;'D;ytJ.b.eR'd.r;M.vDRI/A develop their nation.
Naw Gay (not her real name), a former student of Naw
Louisa when she taught in Kaw Poe Plei village,
?td.bSH;td.oguhRvXw>rkmw>ck.tvD>” remembers, “Naw Louisa taught English perfectly. She
came to school and taught us once a week. When she
was teaching I remember gazing at her and hoping I
would be as beautiful as her when I grew up.” Naw
Louisa travelled extensively throughout Brigade 5 and
was known, loved and respected by many people for
her leadership despite being a young woman.
Saw Ka La, who was studying Standard 4 when he met
Naw Louisa, explains, “She always said that the Karen
were late with their education. In the past, the Karen did
not focus on education. We focused on survival and our
traditional knowledge. She always encouraged us to
study hard so that one day we could help towards building
a better nation. I remember that she had 2 dogs, not
normal dogs from the area, but special dogs, called Han
Cho and Ma Nyut, she cared for them deeply.”
After Pa Yaw Raw School and village were destroyed,
students’ and teachers ran into the jungle, finding new
areas to live. Students and teachers wanted to continue
their studies. Thra Saw Lah remembers, “Pa Yaw Raw
School was destroyed, and it couldn’t continue providing
education to its students. The teachers and students
wanted to attend Ta Baw School, and as I was principal,
I accepted them all.”
Naw Louisa led Brigade 5 for a year until she left
Kawthoolei central government in preparation for resettling
to America. She moved to California and rekindled her
friendships with her university friends. She started seeing
an old university friend, Glen Craig, and they later married
in 1967, building a loving family with two daughters and
a son. Even though she didn’t always live in Kawthoolei,
she always thought about her people and how she could
help them. She continued to struggle for the freedom and
equality of the Karen and other ethnic groups. In the
U.S.A., she was a co-founder of the Burma Forum, an
organization dedicated to empowering grassroots
Burmese people and organizations in their struggle for
human rights and freedoms. She was also on the board
of directors for both the United States Campaign for
Burma based in Washington and for the Alternative for
Burmese Children based in Seattle. The latter was the
first organization to support KSEAG. She faught tirelessly
to raise awareness of the atrocities happening to her
people in her home country. She was also involved in
helping newly resettled Karen settle into life in America.
Over the years many people have met, worked with
and been inspired by Naw Louisa. We have all gained
from her wisdom and generosity. Saw Steve Dun, a
Board of Director from United States Campaign for Burma
(USCB), worked closely with Naw Louisa over the
years warmly remembering their relationship as one of
“peaceful coexistence with mutual respect. Louisa
always wanted the Karen to be able to live in peace with
our neighbours but she fully understood how critical
‘mutual respect’ was to achieving that peace. Because,
if Burmans do not respect the Karen, or vice versa,
there can be no peaceful coexistence.”
Naw Louisa recognized the importance of connecting
organizations who were focusing on helping the people
in Burma. She believed that communication is the key
to changing the situation in Burma. She was known by
all Karen and Burmese organizations, gaining their
respect and admiration. Many young people knew Naw
Louisa’s ideas and dreams, including the importance of
gaining a good education in order to help their nation.
Nant Zoya Phan, from the International Coordinator of
Burma Campaign UK said, “I first met Naw Louisa
Benson on the Thailand-Burma border around 2003 during
an important Karen meeting. Before meeting her, I had
already heard about her and her great work for the Karen
Continues on page 9
 unDuD>pJ.w>wdpXRrRpXR
KSEAG
vHmy&XqlunDuD>pJ.w>ul.b.ul.ohcd.
e> <AuFdurH;wHm<AuFd o&.A'D;rd>y> t*D>
,tJ.'d;'k;oh.ngvDR,o;wpJ;'ftHRvDRIA,rHRrh>
ApuD;td.}bg,X.vDRIA,p;xD.rRoud;wh>w>'D;
unDuFdo&.rRoud;w>u%l> Karen Teacher
Working Group (KTWG) vXA1997AvHRvHRA'D;,
uJ u nD uD>w> ul. b. ul. oh w> rR pXR u
%l>(KSEAG) tySReJ.w>p;xD.vX2007vHRvHRM.
vDRIA , 0H b. u vR *hR 'D; b. bsK; b. zSd. 'd. r; vX
ArRoud;b.w>'D;unDuD>pJ.tuFdwz.M.vDRIA
vXw>td.o;tuDtcJwz.tylR'.vJmM.,urX
u r. b. r; , o; vX u nD zd w z. t w> *JR vdm vX
w> [h. zdvHRwz.tw> rRvdrR'd;vXuFdwu yRM.
vDRIAok w> oh w> b. vX ok w> u &X u &d xD. uFd w
z. tHRvXokusdm'.ok0J<Aoko&.'.ok0J'D; okw>
rR vd rd> ySX f '. ok 0J<A vX uD> y ,DR ok; t w> qD. wH> rR
tXxJxJtHRtzDvmtHR<AuJxD.w> xd.*JR ol.xd.
*JRo;qlySRvX[D.cd.'Dwbh.oh.wz.t*D>M.vDRI
p;xD.vXA2005AvHRvHR<Ach.pH;AKaren Education
Department (KED), Karen Teacher Working Group
(KTWG) and Partners oh.wz.usJ;pX;qD.xGJAu
nD uD> pJ. uFd o &. 'D; uFd zd w z. cJ vXm vDRIA b.
q.<A u nD uD>w> ul. b. ul. oh w> rR pXR u %l> t
w> y nd. eD> eD> M. <A w rh> vX u qD. xGJ uFd w z. vdR
vdRb.<Arhrh>wcDurRpXRySRw0X 'D;uFdzdrd>y>wz.A
vXuqD.xGJtuFdwz.wcDM.vDRIAytJ.'d;rRpSRvDR
w>0HCXvXySRw0Xtz.tzDcd.'fod;zd'Hzdo.cJvXm
u M> b. t cGJ; t ,m vX u M> b.w> ul. b. ul.
ohM.vDRIA
(ch.pH;)unDuD>pJ.w>wdpXRrRpXRu%l>oh.ngvXuFd
w z. tg w uh> M. b. w> ol. xD. qD vDR wh> vH tDR
vXySRw0Xwz.tod;<Arh>0JySRw0Xwz.trlt'gvX
uqD.xGJrRpXR tDR 'D; vXuu&Xu&dtDRM.vDRIAuFd
wz.rh>0JySRw0Xtw> wDwD<A'D;wrh>AunD uD>w>
ul.b.ul.ohw>rRpXRu%l> tw>b.<A'D;wrh>ph>
uD;ySRqD.xGJrRpXRw>td.vXw>csXeDwzkeDw8Rtw>
b.IA
zJvgrhRA2010AM.<A,u[h.vDRt;vDRuhR,(ch.
pH;)unDuD>pJ.w>wdpXRrRpXRu%l>ySReJ.w>tvD>t
vR ql pDR Cd. vdm xl <A b. q. , u td. bl; bl; wH>
wH> vX w> zH; w> rR 'f ySR [h. ul. w> w *R t od; M.
vDRIAzJ, [;xD.vX,vD>0JtHRtuwD>M.,tJ.
'd;pH;w>pSRrHRAqlok0JcJvXmoh.wz.M.vDRIA
qlw>ul.b.ul.ohcd.e>wz.
'f,eD>w*R'.,Jtw>xH.w>qdurd.tod;M.<A
w> oh w> b. vX w> u &X u &d xD.A 'D; yX qSX &J. usJR
uhR ySR w u vkm '. 0Jt w> ul. b. ul. oh t usdR t
unDuFdo&.vHmw>upD.=AvgEGH<2749
t w> qD. xGJ M. rh> vX u rR pSR vDR w> 0H w> ,d; 0J
tHR<A'D;wrh>vXu[H;rl[H; 'gvX okuFdoh.wz.M.
b.IAuFdwz.M.rh>okw>'D; okub.tH;xGJuG>xGJ
tDR<A'D;(ch.pH;)unDuD>pJ.w>wdpXRrRpXRu%l>td.0J
zJtHRvXuqD.xGJokM.vDRIA
qluFzdd rd>y>wz.
ok0Joh.M.okrh>zdvHRoh.wz.teD.*H>wXo&.w
z.A'D;rh>o&.t*hRuwX>wz.M.vDRIAzdvHRwz.
to;eH.wkRCDRtd.uFduwD>wbsDM.Aok 0Jtg'Htg
uGm M. rh> eD. 0Hm cH vX usJ ql w> rR M> ?w> pH. nD. yX *RqSXokzdoh.wz.qluFdM.vDRIAAuFd'D;uFdw>yd;w>
o; /'. 0J M. vDRIAp; xD. vX 2001 M. < A y xH. b. vD t w> vXm bl. vXm phR t zD cd. <A y oh . ng vX ok 0J
vX uFd t eD> *H> vX td.'. A525A zsX. M. t g xD. 0J wkR tg'Htg*RqSXzdvHRqluFdwM>b.IA(ch.pH;)unDuD>
qlA1049AzsX.M.vDRIAt0JtHRrh> w>yeD.t*hRwcg
vDRI A 'D; w uD> cg CD M. cd. e> w z.t rl t 'g td. tg
xD.vXu b.wDcd.&d.rJ u[H;pkeJ.usJvXuFdwz.
tHR'fod;urh>uFdwz.vXtw>rRuJxD.vd.xD.w
z. M. vDRIA(ch. pH;) u nD uD> pJ. w> wd pXR rR pXR u %l>
tw>rRuJxD.vd.xD 0Jt*h>M.<Arh>vXw>vD>oh.
wz.yvJRwkRoh<AtH;uG>xGJoh<AyJmxHz;yORuhRyw>
[h.rRpXRqluFdoh.wz.tHRohtCdM.vDRIAy'd;o
MR yo;vXokw>usJ;pX; vXokw>rRxGJ zDvpH.'D;w>
rRusJvXyymzSd.ymvDRwh>wz.vXw>ol.wDo;&R
tzDcd.M.vDRIAcd.e>wz.tw>ymol.ymo;wu
vkm vX t vD. zsg xD. w> y nd. vX t rh> ?w> M> b. pJ.w>wdpXRrRpXRu%l>tw>ynd. tgcgtusgwcg
w>rRpXRySJRod;od; /M.rh>w>tug'd.0JM.vDRIAw> M.Arh>vXurRpSRvDRw>vXmbl.vXmphRcDzsdrRpXRqD.
ol. wD o; &R<A w> vDR wH> vDR qJ; 'D; o; w> *hR w> 0g xGJw>rRvdtyd;tvD<Aw>vdmuGJtyD;tvD<AvHmz;
oh.wz.M.Arh>vk>v>cd.oh.vXw>uJcd.uJe>vX 'D;qD.xGJrRpXRokzdokvHRtw>td.ql.td.csAh'D;w
uwD>CDArRpXRqD.xGJuFdo&.wz.M.vDRIAw>rR
vdw>M.Arh>w>tug'd.wrHRvX AokzdokvHRtw>
'd. xD. vXA o;<AeD> cd<A w> ul. w> q; 'D; vX ySR *h> 0D
wuyRM.vDRIAyqXrk>v>vXoku[h.*H>[h.bg'D;
[h.t0Joh.tcGJ;t,mvXuvlRxGJtw>rRvdrR'd;
M. vDRIA y rk> v> vX ok u rR bl; bl; wH> wH> 'D; uFd <A pH;
uwdRoud;'D;uFdo&.wz.<A'D;rRoud;w>vXA zd
vHRtuFdw>ul.b.ul.ohtylRM.vDRI
qluFo d &.wz.
'f uF d o &. w *R t od;<A w> u &X u &d xD. wDR w wDR
t*hR M.vDRIAw>*h>uDrh>uJxD.vXvD>u0DRwcgM. A'D;qSXuFdzdwz.vXtw>rRvdM>w>M.AuDcJxJvJ.
b.'d0JvD>u0DRcJvXmM.vDRI M.,e>yX>vDRIAw>od.vdw>M.<AzJvJ.zJvJ.rh>*hR
rh> w> vX m *H> vXm bg 'D; rh> w> rR vX t vDR bSH; vDR wDR
qluFud rH;wHm'D;ySRw0Xoh.wz. 'd.r;M.vDRIA'D;okrRw>vXw>td.o;tuDtcJ'd.
vD>u0DRySRw0Xwz.M.rh>ySRvXtu&Xu&dxD.uFd r;tHRtylRM.<Arh>'fod;okrRySRt'ltCdRtw>rRM.
vX td. vX u nD uD> pJ. w> vD> cJ vXm'D; uFd oh. w z.
M. rh> t 0J oh. t w> M. vDRIA ySR w 0X w z. M. Ck xX
xD. uFd u rH; wHm wz. vX t rh> ySR b. rl b. 'gvX u
rR M>uFdw>ol.xD.<AuuG>xGJuFdtw>vJRto; <A
'D;uFdo&.(wz.)vXwDRylRtd.wtd.M.vDRIAw>0J
tHRrh>w>uDw>cJz;'d.vXySRw0XwbsK;cgt*D>rh>vX
w>zSD.w>,m'D;w>bH.w>bXtw>*h>uDoh.wz.
tCdM.vDRIA(ch.pH;)unDuD>pJ.w>wdpXRrRpXRu%l>
12

vDRIA , o l. td. o; td. oktJ. b. ok o yS> u wX>
vDRIA , e> yX> ph> uD; vX o k u b. uG> qX. rJm 'D; w>
ol. [; *DR o; [; *DR'D; w> ol. th M o;th MvX ok w>
zH;w>rRtylRM.vDRIA, e>yX>ph>uD;vXAok0JwbsK;
'H w bsK; *R M. ok u b. od. vd w> xJ w *R {dRvX ok
uFd <A 'D; 'd; M> w> rR pXR vX w> csX xJ w pJ; w rSJ; {dR M.
vDRIA tg pk tg bsD zJ vX ok o; 'h 'D vDR ok o; rh> *hR<A v X
okw>rRt*h>rh>*hRM.<A0Ho;plRoh.ngvXokw>usJ;
pX; M. t ug 'd. vX ok uFd zd w z. t *D> <A ok ySR w 0X t
*D>'D;okySRuvkmt*D>xJvJ.M.wuh>IAokwtd.xJ
w *R {dR b.IA u nD uFd o &. vX t 'f od; 'D; eR M. td.
vXtuxdvDRIAy0JunDuFdo&.rRoud;w>u%l>
'D;ch.pH;unDuD>pJ.w>wdpXRrRpXRu%l>wz.td.vX
okvD>cHvDRIAqJ;usJ;pX;qlngt*hRuwX><Aymwd>ok
o;vXokw>od.vd'D;okySRuFdzdwz.<A'D;usJ;pX;ud;
rk>eHR'J;'fod;euuJxD.uFdo&.vXt*hR<A'D;oh'd.
xD.uGAh>uGAh>wuh>IA
qlySRud;8R
ylRuGHmwbsK;eH.vHAvXuD>cJe'.tylRM.<AySRxlvHR
o;yS>w8R<A'due.0J,w>uwdR(rh>vXxDuJmqd;)
b.xGJw>yX>qX'D;xH&l>uD>oJ;tw>qDwvJto;
t vD> cH M.<A uG> 0J ,R vX w> eHR u rSHA'D; v> w> e> yX>
t ylR <A'D; t 0J ym vDR t pk vX , cD. vh> cd. 'D; pH; 0J
'.<A// w> yX> qX M. rh> w> td. rl t 8hR t b. ud; rk>
eHRvDRI??AcDzsdw>rR8hRxD.'D;yXRCmok up>'.ok0J
t w> ul. b. ul.oh< A'D; yX qSX ok wDR '. ok 0J <A p;
xD.vXwDRqH;qH;zdvX'D.z;cd.t'Dcd.uFdwzsX.A'D;
wkR vDR q lwDR xD uFd t 'd. u wX> w zsX. vX -uK> wk t
w> yXR cd. <A 'D; wl> b. w> qD. wH> rR eXR xJ vJ. o em
uhtHR<AokCh>okuFdvXoko&.'.ok0J<AvXokup>
tusdm'.ok0JtHRtCdokrh>r; ySR'lySRCdR'D;rh>w>yX>
qXteD>toH;M.vDRI
13 Karen Teacher Newsletter - June, 2010
A Letter To Karen State Education provide a school building, to oversee the running
of schools and ensure that there is a teacher(s) in
Dear All Karen State education leaders, school the classroom. This has been a very difficult task
committees, teachers, and parents, for many communities because of poverty and
I would like to introduce myself. My name is Scott security problems. KSEAG’s support is meant to
O’Brien. I have been working with the Karen relieve this burden but not to take responsibility for
Teacher Working Group (KTWG) since 1997 and your schools. The schools are yours to take care
have also been acting as the Executive Director of of and KSEAG is here to support you.
the Karen State Education Assistance Group
(KSEAG) since 2007. To Parents
I feel very fortunate and grateful to be able to work You are your children’s first and best teacher.
with Karen State schools. I have always been Many of you send your children to school when
amazed by your Karen peoples’ struggle, under they are of age. We know that many of you could
the most difficult circumstances, to provide schooling not send your children to school because of costs
to your children. Your ability to organize these for school materials and fees.
schools in your own language, with your own One of the main goals of KSEAG is to reduce these
teachers and your own curriculum – despite Burma costs by providing learning materials, sports
Army oppression - is an inspiration to people around equipment, texts and health support for your
the world. children while also helping out with the costs of
Since 2005, KSEAG (KED, KTWG and Partners) teacher subsidies. Schooling is an important
has attempted to support all Karen State teachers element in your child’s mental, physical, emotional
and students. Actually, the purpose and goal of and social development. We hope that you
KSEAG is not to support schools directly but to help encourage and give them a chance to follow their
communities and parents to support their schools. studies. We also hope that you stay close to the
We want to relieve the stress and burden on school, talk with the teacher and participate in your
communities and to make sure that all children have child’s school education.
a chance to get an education.
KSEAG recognizes that most schools have been To Teachers
set up by the community and it is the community’s As a teacher, I understand how difficult it is to
responsibility to support and organize them. organize a classroom and guide your students
Communities are the owners of their own schools through their learning. Teaching, anywhere, is a
– not KSEAG, nor any other outside supporter. strenuous and exhausting job. The fact that you
In May 2010, I will hand over the position of KSEAG do this under such difficult conditions makes your
Executive Director to Saw Ko Lo Htoo but I will work heroic. I admire you, I really do. I understand
remain close to our activities as an advisor. As I that you face disappointments and frustrations in
leave this position, I would like to say a few things your work.
to all of you. I understand that many of you are teaching alone
in your schools with little to no outside help. In
To Education Leaders times when you doubt yourself or your work, please
In my opinion, the ability of a People to organize know how important your efforts are for your
and manage their own education system is a key students, your communities and your People. You
element in the struggle towards self-determination. are not alone. There are thousands of Karen
Since 2001, we have seen the number of schools teachers just like you. We at KTWG and KSEAG
jump from 525 to 1049. This is a very positive sign are behind you. Continue to strive for your best, to
but also places greater demand on you, the refocus onto your teaching and your students, and
leaders, to ensure that these are functional and to try everyday to become a better and more
effective schools. competent teacher.
KSEAG’s success is due in large part to our ability
To Everyone
to access, monitor and evaluate our assistance to
these schools. We rely on your sincere effort toMany years ago, in Canada, an Aboriginal Elder,
after listening to me talk (for far too long) about
implement the processes and policies that we have
developed together. It is important that leadersrevolution and political change, looked at me with a
behave in a way that reflects the goal of equal knowing smile, put his hand on my knee and said,
“Revolution is everyday good living”.
education assistance for all. Honesty, thoroughness
By developing and sustaining your own education
and integrity are essential characteristics of good
system, by running your own classrooms, from a
leadership. If problems occur in one area it affects
all areas. small room on the tops of Daw Pa Ko Mountains to
the largest high school in the Gru Htu lowlands,
To School Committees and Communities with your own teachers, in your own languages,
Local communities are the owners and organizers despite the oppression you endure, you are doing
of schools throughout Karen State. Communities revolutionary work in its truest sense.
select school committees who are responsible to
 w>orHxHtoeX.
Interview
p; xD. zJ vg , ElR tg &HR 2010 eH. y ,DR ok; y 'd. w>
xD. 'k; zJ csX. vGH> xl. uD> &h. vX> 'd. uD> q. t Cd ySR
xHzduD>zd<AuFdzd<AuFdo&.o&.rk.<Ark.urJzd.CJ
'D; ySR xl vHR zd t vD> td. vD> qd; oh. w z. b. pH. rSH
[; zsd; uGHm 0J vX yS> v> usg 'D; u b. ym wh> uGHm t vD>
td.vD>qd;w>vD>w>usJoh.wz.tCduJxD.0Jw>
b.'d'd.'d.rk>rk>vXySRursX>zdoh.wz.t*D>M.vDRI
A'D;vXtusgvX>'d.uD>q.tw>ul.b.ul.ohph>
uD;b.o*X>'D;w>uDw>cJ'd.'d.rk>rk>vXuFdoh.w
z. b. pH. rSH [; zsd;<AuFd o &. 'D; uFd zd oh. w z. b.
pH. td. vDR rk> jyH _yg uGHm 0J M. vDRI A y Cl y ydSR o rH xH 0J
vX> 'd. uD> q. ul. oh qJ; vR 0JR usdR cd. o &. pDR 0g ph
b. C; t vD> u 0DR ylR w> ul. b. ul. oh t w> td.
o;M.vDRIAo&.pDR0gphp;xD.rRvdw>zJt'lto0D
0HRrRvdw>wqDb.wqD'D;vXcHuwX>vJRzsdxD.uFd
zJrJ>&>rd>b.uDb.cJ'Ju0DRzJ Personal
Development Course (PDC)wDR'd.wkmuFdM.vDRI
A vXmvD{gI
oH uG>= wJ b. ,R w> ul. b. ul. oh t w> td. o;
'D;tw>qDvDRo;tuh>t*DRvXeuD>q.tylRwpJ;
rD.I
pH;qX=zJyvD>u0DRtylRyxH.b.vXy0J'.w>ul.
b.ul.ohtusdRtuGmwz.*kRxD.yoDxD.pSR cDzsd
vXw>td.o;uDcJ0JvX'k.'gwuyRtCdrh>w>vX
trRwHmwmySReD>uD>M.vDRIA'D;vXw>td.o;'ftHR
tCdy0Jul.ohqJ;vR0JRusdRph>uD;yuqDvDRtDRt
uh>t*DRvDRwH>vDRqJ;'k;yqDvDRwoh'H;b.IAemo
uhwohzJtohy*kmusJ;pX;'fod;weH.'D;weH.yySRuFd
zd vX t oh td. uFd w z. y usJR M> w> vX t 0J oh. t *D>
w eDR vX rd> y> qD. xGJ w M> b. w z. y usJ; pX; xJ; *H>
xJ;bgtCdyxH.b.ph>uD;weH.'D;weH.M.w>csH
w>o.[JzsgxD.upD'DI
oH uG>= y e> [l b. 'k. 'g [J xD. zJ vX> 'd. uD> q. t
ylR[JzJySJReHRySJRoDySJRvg'D;[Jok;&h.ySJRbh.vJ.I
pH; qX ='k. 'g [J xD. w bsD tHR rh> 0J puc 10 t zD vm
ok; &h. (5) bh. vX t rh> 362< A363< A366< A367 'D;
368wz.M.vDRIA'k.'g[JxD.tqXuwD>'kzJvg,
ElRtg&HRvHRvHRvH'D;[JxD.0JwqD0HRwqD<A'D;tqd
uwX>'k.'gwz.EkmvDR'GJ.0JCJ'Xo0D<ArRu'D;zJvg
zhR -bLR tg&HR (7)oDteHR 'k.'gwz.[Jqlytd.w>
unDuFdo&.vHmw>upD.=AvgEGH<2749
vD>zJuD>q.0JRvD>'D;'GJ.tluGHm0Jwu;'H;b.'GJ.tl pH; qX= Ay cd. y e> w z. ym *X> ym usXR 0J vX cJ r [d w>
uGHmy0JxHn.vH.'hwDRxDuFdM.vDRI updmcDuGHmtwDRqltoDM.vDRIAtCdy0Jo&.oh.
A wz.yub.ysJzsduGHmyySRuFdzdud;*R'J;M.vDRIArhrh>
oHuG>='k.'g[JxD.bsD0JtHR'GJ.tluGHmuFdySJRzsX.vJ.I ,Rw*R'k,o;b.'dcDzsdyySRuFdzdwz.rRvdw>vDR
pH;qX='k.'g[JxD.bsD0JtHR'GJ.tluGHmyuFdzJvX>'d. bSH;vDRwDRvX'DweH.ngtylRb.q.'D;w'd;M>b.
uD>q.tylRcJvXm 2zsX.vXtrh>xHn.vH.'h wDRxD 0Jw>csHw>o.vDRwH>vDRqJ;b.tCdrh>zsdxD.wwDR
uFd'D;xHbD;x.wDRbsDuFdM.vDRIA'k.'gtw>wdmtd. 0HRwwDRyb.,d.w>vXt0Joh.t*D>'d.r;tCdy
0JvX u'GJ.uGHmy 'lyo0D'D;yuFdcJvXm'D;urRoHuGHm o; ud> w> vX t 0J oh. t 8D> M. vDRI Ab. q. o em
y0Joh.cJvXmM.vDRIAb.q.'D;tw>wdmusJR0JM. uhw>cJvXm,emvXurRto;vXw>t*hRM.vDRI
wuJxD.b.cDzsdy0J unD'Duvkmw>xl.zsJ;ok;rk>
'd.Karen National Librated Army (KNLA)}wDqXt oHuG>=vX'k.'gw>xD.'k;'D;'GJ.tlrR[;*DRuGHmuFd'D;
0Joh.vXw>o; 'ltylR tCdtw>wdmusJRvX twdm 'lo0Doh.wz.tHRw>vXtvDRr>t'd.uwX>urh>
usJRCm0JM. ywkmuGHm0J'.M.vDRIAvXy udFo&.cJ uDw>rEkRoh.wz.vJ.I
vXmtcX.p;tJ.'d;pH;bsK;pH;zSd.b.,Jt'd.ttgy pH;qX=vX'k.'gw>xD.'k;'D;'GJ.tlrR[;*DRuGHmuFd'D;
'Dyk>0J>(KNLA) vXt}wDqXuGHm'k.'gtw>xD.'k;vX 'lo0Doh.wz.tHRrhrh>vXxHzduD>zdwz.'D;rk.urJ
bsD0JtHRvXw>o;'ltylR'D;vXtJ.b.y0Joh.vXw> zdCJwz.t*D>'kurh>0Jw>pkvD>cD.cd.<A[H. 'D;w>
tJ. ySR u vkm Cd , o; td. ym zsg 'D; pH; bsK; t 0J oh. vD> w> usJ 'D; w> zd w> vHR vX pdm tDR w csK; <Aym cl ol.
'd.r;cDzsdyClyySdRtvHmw>upD.wbh.tHRM.vDRIA tDRwoh<Aq.zduD>zdwz.'D;tgM>tM.[D.cd.vX
yrh>uG>uhRvX'k.'gtySReD.*H>wcD'd.0Jtg0JtCdxJ t0Joh.td.qd;0J 'D;zH;tD.rRtD.0J vXweHR 'D;weHR
'.urRoHrR[gr>uGHmySRvDRI vX t vk> tD. t o; o rl vD> oh. w z. M. vDRI A rh rh>
vXy0JuFdo&.'D;uFdzdoh.wz.t*D>wcDurh>0Jw>
oHuG>=uFdzd<AuFdo&.<AuFdzdrd>y>'D;ursX>xHzduD>zd vD> vX y 'd; M> b. w> ul. b. ul. oh t vD> vDR r>
wz.tHRpH.td.zJyS>v>usgtHRySJRvgvHvJ.I uGHm 0J M. vDRI AuFd zd w z. w cD t o &. u [; o '.
pH;qX=uFdzd<AuFdo&.<AuFdzdrd>y>'D;ursX>xHzduD>zd uGHmtDRweDR'D;o&.oh.wz.tySRuFdzdu[;o'.
wz.tHRpH.td.zJtHRtd.vH(2)vgbsJ.vHuxD.b; uGHmtDRweDRM.vDRIA
ql(3)vgM.vDRI
oHuG>=Arh>vXeuFdw>yD;w>vD'D;uFdw>zdw>vHRw>
oHuG>=uFdcJvXmvXeuD>q.tylRb.pH.b.Ch>cJ ol w> pGJ w z. vDR r> uGHm t zD cd. cg ql ng w eH. u uJ
xD.w>*h>uD'fvJ.I
pH; qX = rh>< AcJ vXm vDRI Ap; xD. vX vg , ElR tg &HR vHR pH; qX= w> 0J tHR rh> w> w cg vX t vDR o; tk; t 'd. u
vHR t 0J oh. w z. u b. ok; ql. uGHm t o; M. vDRI wX>vXcgqlngweH.'D;weH.t*D>M.vDRIAcDzsduFdw>
AuFd cJ vXm td. (13) zsX. u b. ok; uGHm t o; ql yS> yD; w> vD 'D; o &. w> ol w> pGJ oh. w z. w td. vXR
v>usgM.vDRI b. tCd y u ol. xD. uhR y uFd 'k u rh> w> vX t vDR
wlmvDRumz;'d.wcgM.vDRI
oH uG>= e p; xD. pH. vH vX vg , ElR tg &HR t ylR t Cd
2009=2010w>od.vdeH.tylReH.uwX>w>'d;pJ;e oHuG>=2010=2011w>od.vdeH.tHReymvDReo;
&J.usJRrRuhRtDR'fvJ.IA vXeuuhRol.xD.uhRuFdwzsX.tHR'H;{gIAb.rEkRt
pH; qX= rh>< 2009=2010 w> od. vd eH. t ylR tHR 'k uFd CdvJ.IAuol.xD.uhRw>vD>zJvJ.I
tgzsX.w'd;pJ;b.vXR0Jb.IAxJ'.xHn.vH.'hudF pH;qX=rh><A'fvJ.*hR*hR yymvDR yo;vXyuol.xD.
wzsX.tHR'd;uhRpJ;vXyS>v>usgM.vDRIAudFt*Rwz. u'guhRuFdwzsX.tHRM.vDRIAb.rEkRtCdvJ.M.y
y'd;pJ;ph>uD;wohvXRb.IAypH.yCh>bsD'kw>wtd. rh>wol.xD.vXRuFdwzsX.tHRvXRb.M.yySRuFdzdw
'D;vXRySReDwrHRvXRb.IAvXyS>v>usgph>uD;wrh>w> z.uvJRtd.uhRuFdzJvJ.IAuFd wzsX.tHR rh>uFdtug
vXtnDb.IA'D;tgM>tM.p;xD.vXypH.yCh>'D;y 'd.uwX>vXyvX>'d.uD>q.tylRph>uD;M.vDRIAvX
uFd w> zd w> vHR rh> *hR<AuFd w> vd. w z. vX uFd zd uFd o w> M. t Cd zJ y td. t vD> 'D; y u uXR zSd. 0m zSd. xD.
&. w z. u qd; ug 0J t *D> rh> *hR M. td. wh> cJ vXm M. vdmyo;'D;yuol.xD.tDRvDRIA
vDRIAypdmtDRwM>'D;yymw'XtDRph>uD;csK;qXcsK;u
wD>b.IAw>cJvXmrh>0Jw>owl>uvmtCdM.vDRI oHuG> =eH.vXu[JweH.t*D>unDuD>pJ.w>wdpXR
AvXw>td.o;uDcJ'ftHRtCdyuFdweDRw'd;pJ;b. rRpXReDRvDRuFdw>yD;w>vDR'D;uFdw>olw>pGJoh.wz.
vXRvXeH.uwX>w>'d;pJ;tHRb.M.vDRIA e'd;M>b.vH{gI
pH;qX=unDuD>pJ.w>wd pXRrRpXR w>eDRvDRuFdw>yD;
oHuG>=vXeuFdwz.w'd;pJ;b.vXbsD0JtHReu&J. w> vD 'D; uFd w> ol w> pGJ oh. w z. 'k y w 'd; M> b. 'H;
usJRuhRvXeySRuFdzdt*D>'fvJ.I b.IA cJ tHR 'k uD 'd. r; vX y u &J. usJR zH; o ud; rR o
14

ud;'D;vJR[H;M>tDRzJw>ymM>ySRtvD>M.vDRIAcJtHR
,xH.b.vXySRud;*R'J;td.'H;'.vXw>ysHRw>zk;t
zXrk><Awu;b.'fod;utD.b.tDb.0Jt*D>weHR
'D;weHRt0Joh.wz.ub.xJ;*H>xJ;bg0JtCdvX
zdvHRw>ul.b.ul.oh wuyRM.qdurd.0JwcsK;
'H; b.M.vDRIAyemvX ySRud;*R'J;tvD>td.vD>qd;
w>vD>w>usJrh>b.vD>b. p;r;'D;ybSDxD.uhRyuFd
oh. w z. tHR rh> 0HR r; y u &J. usJR o ud; 'D; vJR [H uhR
tDRM.vDRI
oHuG>=w>*h>uDrEkRwrHRvXexH.qdympXRvHtDRvX
2010=11w>od.vdeH.t*D>M.vJ.I
pH; qX= AcJ tHR y 'l y o 0D 'k w td. vXR < Ay uFd ph> uD; w
td.vXRb.IAy[D.cd.vXy uzH;tD.rRtD.t*D>ph>
uD;wtd.vXRb.I AuFdo&.t *D>w>tD.rd>yS><AuFd
o &. t w> bl; w> vJ<A w> ol w> pGJ 'k y oh. ng vDR y
o;vXyrRwM>vXRb.IAcgvXtylRuGHmuFdzdrd>y>'D;
'D;uFdurH;wz.wohzJtohrR'H;0J'H;b.q.weH.
tHR 'k rR 0J w M> vXR b.I AcJ tHR y xH. b. vX y o &.
vDRjyHvDR_yguGHmweDRvHIAweDR rh>ySRvXt[JxD.vX
0h>ylR'D;wl>b.w>'ftHRtCdo;o[D.vDRpSR uGHm0J
'D;uhR0JqltvD>tusJM.td.0JM.vDRIAb.q.ypH;
bsK;b.yo&.w eDRvXttd.'H;'D;ySR'D;wl>qgcD.
qg t o; vX t eH. vX t qH w z. t qH M. td. 0J M.
vDRIAy 0JuFdo&.w eDR vJRuhR0Jqlb.uDb.cJ'Ju
0DRtylRtCdw eH.tHRyuFdtw>td.rltHR'kurh>w>
vX t uD t cJ 0J 'D; w> cJ vXm rh> '. w> vX y u b. uG>
qX.rJmtDRM.vDRIA
A behalf of myself and all of our teachers, I would like to
oHuG>=vXw>td.o;uDcJ'ftHRtzDcd.etJ.'d;pH;uD
w>uwdRvXcHuwX>wrHRrHR{gI
pH;qX=,o;td.pH;,J'ftHRvDRIAAw>*h>uDvX,uG>
qX. rJm 'D; , ySR u vkm cJ tHR t Cd , u *kR , cH b.I
A,w[h.tC.b.IA,ymvDR,o;vXwohzJt
oh'fw>ohw>b.td.'D;,Rtod;,urR,JvDRIA'D
yk> 0J> o; bd cJ vXm oh. ok {X o; td. pH; ,J ok 'f tHR vDR
okz;b.xJw>upD.M.okuoh.ngvDRIAb.q.
wtd.xDwh>vXokcd.ElmtylRb.IAokxH.b.t*DR
M.okuxH.b.vXokrJm'D;qd.rd.rSH'.tDRvDRIA,
o; td. uGJ rkm b. uhR ok vX ok u [J uhR wd pXR rR pXR
vdm uhR uD y o;<A , em ,J o yS> yS> vDRI A vX cH u wX>
o; td. pH; ,J ok 'f tHR vDR<A y 0J uFd zd 'D; uFd o &. < Ao
&.rk.'D;uFdzdrd>y>'D;ursX>zdcJvXmvXtd.zJw>vD>0J
tHRw z.yb.zJck;< AweHR 'D;weHR'fod;yutD.b.
t *D> y u b. rR w> vX w> ud> usg<Ay b. Ck w> qX
u wD> 'f od; y u td. rl b.<Ay b. Ck [D. cd. 'f od; y
u td. qd; b.<Ay w> qX u wD> pSR 0J 'd. r; vX y u rR
vd b. w> 'D; w u; 'H; b. w> oH w> rl rh> w> w cg vX
vJRCkmph>uD;'D;ySRvXyw>vJRusJtylRb.q.ytd.
ohtD.oh<AvJRohuhRoh'H;M.vDRIA
15 Karen Teacher Newsletter - June, 2010
In January 2010, the SPDC attacked Ler Doh Township
in Kler Lwee Htu District, burning villager’s homes and
causing them to flee and hide in the jungle as Internally
Displaced People (IDP). This traumatic, forced relocation
created many difficulties for the villagers including the
disruption of education, as students and teachers had to
leave school and escape to the deep jungle. To understand
the impact this SPDC attack had on education, Phru
Pwgo interviewed Ler Doh Township Education Officer,
Thara Say Wah about the situation in his township.
Q. Please tell me about the current situation of
education and its organization in your township?
A. In our township, the SPDC’s activities have really
gotten in the way of making educational improvements.
Accordingly, it is very difficult to manage and sustain the
education system in our township. However, we work
our best to ensure our children are able to study every
year as much as possible. Part of our efforts involves
supporting children to attend school if their parents are
unable to support their schooling. As a result, we see
that children’s access to education in our township has
increased year by year.
Q. We heard that SPDC came to Ler Doh Township.
So, can you tell me the date of this attack and how
many battalions were involved?
A. Five SPDC battalions: 362, 363, 366, 367 and 368
came to our area in January, moving forward in stages.
First, they burnt Gwai Der Village. After that, on the 7th
February, they moved to our township office, burning it
as well. In the same manner, they burnt our secondary
school which was located in Htee Nya Lee Village.
Q. How many schools did they burn?
A. They burnt 2 schools in Ler Doh Township, Htee Nya
Lee’s high school and Htee Baw Hta’s nursery school.
Their purpose was to burn all our villages, our schools
and kill us all. However, their plans were not fully
successful because our Karen National Liberation Army
(KNLA) bravely counterattacked. For this reason, on
show gratitude to the KNLA for protecting us bravely,
with all of their strength and heart and love for their Karen
people.
Q. How many months have students, teachers,
parents and other villagers been hiding in jungle?
A. They have been hiding in jungle for almost 3 months.
Q. In your township, were all schools relocated?
A. Yes, all 13 of our schools were relocated to the jungle
at the beginning of January.
Q. You have been on the run and in hiding since
January, so how will you manage the students’
examinations for the 2009-2010 academic year?
A. For the 2009-2010 academic year, almost all of the
schools could not hold exams because we fled to the
jungle with nothing. We were not even able to hide the
school materials we had because of the suddenness of
the attack. It was not easy to get school materials in the
jungle and therefore, most schools did not give final
exams, with the exception of Htee Nya Lee school
which managed to give their final exam in the jungle with
great difficulty.
Q. What are your plans for the students who could
not take their exams?
A. Our leaders discussed this and decided that in the
coming year they will upgrade all of the students who
could not take exams. For me, I feel very sad because
our students who worked so hard and were so tired after
spending their time studying were not in the end able
receive the fruits of their labor. For this reason, we worry
that they will face the problems in their further studies.
Anyway, I hope that everything will work out for the
best.
Q. What are the most important things that were
lost when the SPDC burnt and destroyed villages
during their attack?
A. Many villagers lost land and shelter as well as
materials and animals which they could not hide during
the attack. For us teachers, we lost the schools where
we practice education. In a way we also lost each other
as teachers left their students and students left their
teachers during the escape from the SPDC to the jungle.
Q. As a consequence of the destruction of your
schools and loss of school materials, what do you
think will be the obstacles for next year?
A. There is a great feeling of depression and sorrow for
next year because of the schools and materials that
have been lost. We will have to rebuild again and this is
the burden we face.
Q. Have you already decided to rebuild new schools
in the coming 2010-2011 academic year?
A. Yes, we’ve already decided to rebuild. Because, if
we do not rebuild, where else will our students be able to
continue to study? The schools are very important for us
in our township. Therefore, we are going to put in as
much effort as we can to rebuild in unity.
Q. Do you already have school materials from the
Karen State Education Assistance Group (KSEAG)
for next year?
A. Not yet. At present, it is very difficult to manage and
to collect those materials that were kept for us. I see
everyone is still in fear. In addition, our villagers are
putting their efforts into meeting their basic needs in areas
such as food and shelter. Therefore, they do not have
time to think about education for their children. We hope
that after everyone’s environment and shelter is sufficient
enough, we can rebuild the schools and go to collect our
school materials.
Q. What other obstacles do you foresee in the 2010-
2011 academic year?
A. At present, our homes are destroyed and we have no
schools. Likewise, we have no land for farming. We
know that we cannot support food, salaries and materials
for teachers. In previous years it was difficult, but
students, parents and school committees tried as much
as they could to support and develop our schools and
education. This year the situation is much worse. Now,
we see some teachers have already scattered, some
have fled to the refugee camps and some who came
from other cities and towns could not suffer this experience,
lost their spirit and returned to their original home areas.
However, we appreciate and thank so much those
teachers who have stayed and continue to struggle and
suffer with. We know surely that we are going face
many problems in running our schools this coming year,
but we strongly believe in education for our children and
will continue to struggle for this goal .
Q. Finally, do you want say something else about
this difficult situation?
A. I want to say that despite the obstacles that I and my
people are facing right now, I will never retreat and
never give up. I’ve decided to try as hard as I can and
use the skills that I have to the best of my ability. All of
my dear brothers and sisters, I would like to tell you that
although you will know our situation when you have
read it in this newsletter, or may see it on film and can
visualize it, it is not the same as when you experience
it for yourselves. I would like to invite you to come and
join us and help in our struggle for education and I strongly
believe that you can do so. Finally, I would like to tell
you that our students and teachers and parents must,
like all of our villagers, search for land to live on and then
labor on this land to grow enough food to survivefarm
this land, working in the heat for survival with little time
for studying and supporting schools
 uFo
d &.w>ul.b.ul.ohoeX.
Teacher Education
w>rRvdusdmcHuvkmwuvkmtw>'db.
zdo.wz.b.uG>qX.rJmw>uDw>cJtgr;vXu'd;
M. b. w> ul. b. ul. oh vX wDR zk. t wDR y wD> '.
vJmvDRIAt0Joh.b.EkmvDRrRw>vXpJ;zDu[.w>
rR vD> tg r; cD zsd [H. zd CD zd w> td. o; 'D; w> zSD. w>
,mtCdM.vDRIAcDzsdvXw>*h>'ftHRtCd zdo.weDR
w xD. b. uFd b. cD zsd w> ol 0J '. usdm w> eJ. vDR M.
vDRI
cD zsd w> td. o; 'f tHR t Cd uFd o &. oh. w z. w od.
vd b. zd o. oh. w z. vX t eD> u p> '. 0J t usdm rd>
yS>b.IAusdmtqduwX>w>rRvdM>tDRcDzsdySRw*Rrh
wrh>ySRxlvHRzdvD>u0DRusdmvDRIAvXwDRzk.uFdwDRy
wD>M>w>w,;0J'.vXuFdzdtgM>200uuGJ>vX[D.
cd.csXtHRw'd;M>b.w>cGJ;w>,mvXurRvdb.w>
vXtup>tusdm'.0Jb.IA'D;uvkm'l.ttgvXt
td. qd; vX xH uD> zJ M. oh. w z. 'd; M> b. w> cGJ; w>
,m pSR 'd. r; vX u rR vd b. t eD> u p> t usdm rd> yS>
vDRI Ay 'd. oh. w z. Ck xX eJ. vDR 0J '. usdm vX t 0J
oh.up>e>yX>0JusdmzJvJ.wcgvXt&h'd.u wX>vX
w>'d.xD.xDxD.'D;vXxHuD>ylRw>Clw>zd;t*D>M.
vDRIAvXusdm tusg ymCkmph>uD;'D;udRvR0gusdmM.
vDRI
ySRvX[l;*JRvXw>ul.b.ul.ohwz.CdxHoh.ng
0J '. vX w> od. vd usdm cH u vkm w u vkm tHR uJ xD.
w>uDw>cJw>b.'dvXzdo.t*D>'d.r;(usdmvXt
wrh>teD>up>usdm)'D; t0Joh.rReD>rRCgw>'db.
wz.tHRvXzdo.oh.wz.tw>ul.b.ul.oh'D;
tw>td.rlcgqlrJmngt*D>M.vDRIAw>'db.t'd.
u wX> w cg vX w> 'k; eJ. zsg xD. tDR M. rh> 0J w> vX t
uJ xD. o; 'D; zd o. oh. w z. M. vDRIA zd o. oh. w
z. cD zds w> od. vd usdm cH u vkm w u vkm t Cd t 0J
oh.b.[;xD.uGHmvXw>ul.b.ul.ohtwuGD.
ylR vX t o; eH. w ySJR 'H; b. M. vDRI Aw> tHR rR t o;
tg'.wuh>vXcdcd.vD>u0DRylRM.vDRI
vX w> od. vd 0J '. usdm cH u vkm w u vkm tHR 'k; td.
xD.w>ud>w>*DRtgr;vXzdo.oh.wz.vXtrRvd
M> w> t *D> M. vDRI Aw> t qd u wX> vX t 0J oh. u
vd.b.0JM.rh>usdmvXw>olnD Ek>tDRwz.'D;0HRt
vD>cHrRvdvXuohuGJ;ohz;M.vDRIAw>tHR'k;uJxD.
w>uDw>cJvXt0Joh.t*D>'d.r;rh>vXusdmtHRwrh>
usdmvXt0Joh.ol0JvXt[H.tCD'D;tw>td.rlw
eHR'D;weHRb.M.vDRIAusdmvXw>eJ.vDRtDRvXw>u
unDuFdo&.vHmw>upD.=AvgEGH<2749
b.oltHRuJxD.w>uDw>cJw>b.uG>qX.rJmvXzd
o.oh.wz.tw>e>yX>vdmo;<w>'d.xD.xDxD.
'D;w>&hvdmrkmvdmt*D>M.vDRI
zd o. w z. rR vd M> w> t oD 'D; w> qd u rd. cD zsd w>
ol. xD. w> oh. ng 'D; w> e> yX> vX t td. ym pXR oh.
w z. M. vDRI Aw> rR vd M> w> vX usdm cH u vkm w u
vkm M. rh> 0J w> uD w> cJ vX e u oh uGJ; oh z; 'D; 'k; 'd.
xD. vJR xD e w> oh. ng 'D; e w> oh w> b. vX e rR vd
M> ym 'D; w bsD w cD. uJ xD. w> e> yX> u r. vX zd o.
oh. w z. t w> oh. ng t zD cd. eD> eD> M. vDRI Azd o.
oh. w z. b. uhR td. uhR t wDR vD> vD>< AcD zsd vX w>
od.vdylRw>ol0JusdmcHuvkmwuvkm'D;zdo.oh.
w z. w e> yX> 0J usdm bsJ; bsJ; bsD; bsD; 'D; t 0J oh. w rR
eXR<Awzsd0Jw>'d;pJ;b.M.vDRIAcDzsdw>*h>'ftHRtCd
zd o. oh. w z. t w> ym vk> ym yShR vDR o; pSR vDR 0J t
w>emM>vDRo;ph>uD;pSRvDR'D;w>ul.b.ul.ohvX
t rk> v> qX 'd; M> b. 0J M. u b. ym y wkm 0J '. M.
vDRI
w>oh.wz.tHRnDEk>wrh>uFdo&.oh.wz.tw>
qXwJmb.IArh>0J'.uFdtw>CkxXusdm'D;tw>eJ.
usJM.vDRIAw>oh.wz.tHRb.w>eJ.vDRtDRvXySR
vXttd.'D;w>pdw>urDRvXtxDwz.M.vDRIAuFd
o &. w z. rh> w td. 'D; w> cGJ; w> ,m vX u Ck xX
usdm vX t w> od. vd ylR b. q. o em uh t 0J oh. rR
pXR[h.*H>[h.bguFdzdohvXtw>rRvdylRb.C;w>
rRvdusdmcHuvkmwuvkmM.vDRIAcDzsdw>e>yX>weDR
uDcJ0JvXzdo.t*D>t0Joh.wz.ub.rRb.*D>0J
vXuqD.xGJ0J'D;rRpXR0JvXuvDRwH>0Jt*D>vXySRuFd
16
zd u rR eXR w> 'D; u o; td. xD. uFd M. vDRI Aw> t 0J
M.urh>0JusJwbdvXo&.oh.wz.uohol0JvX
urRpXRySRzdo.ySRvXtrRvdw>vXusdmcHuvkmw
u vkm 'D; 'd; o MR xD. t o; vX eD> u p> w> zH; w> rR
'D; w> oh w> b. vX o &. rd> y> ySR w 0X 'D; zd o. oh.
wz.M.vDRI
uFdo&.oh.wz.vd.0JvXrReD.rRCgw>'D;e>yX>
w> u rR M> w> oh uGJ; oh z; w> oh w> b. vDR qD '.
w>vXySRzdo.vXtrRvdM>w>vXt0Joh.usdmcHu
vkm w u vkm 'D; 'd; oMR xD. t o; vX w> &h vdm rkm
vdmvXusdmcHuvkmwuvkmtbX.pXReD>up>usdm
rd> yS> 'D; usdm cH u vkm w u vkm M. vDRI AcD zsd w> e> [l
w>vXtuJxD.o;ohqlt0Joh.teD>up>usdmrd>
yS>'D;zdo.oh.wz.b.xGJvXt0Joh.w>rRvdt
oDvXt0Joh.e>yX>wh>0Jw>*h>wz.'D;w>qdurd.
oh.wz.vDRI
rh>0Jw>rReD.wcgvXu'k;td.xD.0JusJvXzdo.u
rR vd M> w> vX usdm cH u vkm w u vkm cD zsd t 0J oh.
td. 'D; w> qJ; usd; vX t b. xGJ 'D; usdm t oD vX t 0J
oh.usdmrd>yS>tuvk>M.vDRIAw>tHRrh>w>uDw>cJ
wcgvX'k;td.xD.wDRylRw>td.o;b.q.wohzJ
toh<w>wJusdmxHuhRw>*h>w>usdRrhwrh>w>*h>vX
t &h 'd. oh. w z. vX t eD> u p> usdm rd> yS> 'f od; t 0J
oh.to;u pX>qXvXtw>rRvd ylR'D;urR'd.xD.
xD xD. e> yX> xD. usdm t oD M. vDRI AqX u wD> vX t
ylRuGHmM.w>usdmxHoh.wz.pSR0JvXuFdoh.wz.
t w> rR vd ylR 'D; w> e> yX> vX usdm t w> eJ. vDR M.
vDRI AqX u wD> cJ tHR y xH. b. vX zd o. w z. ym zsg

xD. t w> oh w> b. vX t rh> t w D 'D; t o; o [D. The Impact of Learning in a Second offer appropriate support and assistance to ensure
tgxD.vXuxD.uFdt*D>M.vDRI Language
vXwDR'X;tylRM.uFdzdtgM>'H;w*RwrRvdb.0J'.
tup>usdmrd>yS>b.IAcDzsdzdo.oh.wz.tw>ym
Ckm rR o ud; zJ t w> rR t qX u wD> rh> *hR 'D; 'd u e.
w> qX u wD> rh> *hR< At 0J oh. rR pXR vdm o; 'D; [h. *H>
[h.bgvdmo;,>cD,>cD'D;ol.xD.tw>emM>vDR
o;'D;w>ymvk>ymyShRvDRo;M.vDRIAt0Joh.M>b.
w>cGJ;w>,mvXuwX.yD.wJoud;w>*h>w>usdR'D;
ym zsg xD. w> xH. w> qd u rd. vX usdm cH cg vXm t zD
cd. 'D; rR *hR xD. w> e> yX> w> vX t vDR wH> vDR
qJ;zJw>od.vdtqXuwD>M.vDRIAo&.oh.wz.
-uX;rRvDRwH>usdmcHcgvXmvXw>oltDRvX wDR'X;ylR
'D; w b. o MR xD. t o; xJ w cg vX t u p> usdm rd>
yS><Awrh>w>uJbsK;xJvXt0Joh.w>od.vdtylRrh
wrh>w>&hvdmrkmvdmtylRb.M.vDRI
zdo.oh.wz.rRvdM>w>*h>w>usdRtoDvXt,lm
vDRqDvdmo;zJvXt0Joh.rRvd0JvXtup>usdmrd>
yS> M. vDRI Azd o. oh. w z. rh> td. 'D; w> ed; w> bs;
vX u rR vd M> w> *h> w> usdR t oD vX usdm cH u vkm w
u vkm M. t 0J oh. u b. [H; M> ,Hm xD. w> qX u
wD>vXue>yX>w>*h>w> usdRt*D>M.vDRIAo&.oh.
w z. u b. oh. ng t w> td. o; 0J tHR 'D; zJ w> qX
uwD>td.M.ub.rRpXR[h.*H>[h.bg0JM.vDRI
w> tHR ym zsg xD. 0J '. w> *h> w bsK; cg vX w> Cd xH
oh.ngw>&J.w>usJRtylRtHRb.C;zdo.vXtw
td. uFd 'D; b. uG> qX. rJm t eD> u p> usdm t w> *h> uD
cDzsdw>od.vdtusdRtusJ'D;w>&hvdmrkmvdmM.vDRI
w> qX wD> u ,Hm 0J '. vX zd o. oh. w z. u e> yX>
usdmcHuvkmwuvkmtHRzJvXt0Joh.td.'D;w>em
M>vDRo;tvXtySJRvXtw>ymCkmrRoud;w>vX
wDR'X;ylR'D;ymzsgtw>ohw>b.vXteD>uD>M.vDRI
w>tHRu[Jto;cDzsdvXw>rRpXRvdmo;tgM>tM>
w>[h.*H>[h.bgySRvXyySRw0XylR<'D;rRvDRwH>t0J
oh.w>ul.b.ul.ohtuH>t pDvXtvXtySJRM.
vDRI
17 Karen Teacher Newsletter - June, 2010
students succeed and want to attend school.
Children face numerous barriers to gaining an
education, even at primary level, due to various
factors including poverty, location and commitments
to their family. An additional reason why some
children do not attend school is because of the
language of instruction used.
Often, due to location or teacher ability, children
are not taught in their ‘mother tongue’ – the language
first learnt by a person or their native language. It
has been estimated that over 200 million children of
primary age, worldwide, do not have access to
schooling in their ‘mother tongue’, and the majority
reside in countries where there is fractionalisation.
Many governments choose languages of
instruction based on their understanding of which
languages are important for the growth and unity of
their country; often this includes English.
Many educational practitioners have researched
the effects of being taught in a second language,
not the children’s ‘mother tongue’, and have
recognized some of the impacts this has on their
education and future life.
One main impact that has been identified is the
tendency for children, who are taught in a second
language to drop out of education at an early age,
especially in rural areas.
Being taught in a second language increases the
demands on the child as a learner, as they first
need to have language acquisition skills and then
use the new language to learn literacy skills.
This is made more difficult if the language is not the
language used at home or in their daily life. Children
with a limited understanding of the language of
instruction face many difficulties academically and
socially.
Children learn new concepts and ideas by building
on the knowledge and understanding already
attained. Learning in a second language is often
an obstacle in gaining literacy skills and developing
the knowledge and skills already learnt, and often
lead to a misunderstanding of the child’s actual
ability.
Often children repeat standards, as they have not
gained enough fluency and understanding in their
second language to pass the exam. This can lead
to low self-esteem, low confidence levels and a
desire to stop their education.
It is often not the decision of the teachers within the
school to choose the language of instruction; it has
been dictated to them from higher authorities. Even
though they cannot choose the language of
teaching, they can offer support and
encouragement to those children who are studying
in their second language. By understanding some
of the difficulties the children face, they are able to
There are many strategies teachers can put in
place to support children who are learning in a
second language, depending on the commitment
and ability of the teacher, parents, community and
child.
Teachers need to recognise and understand that
the acquisition of literacy skills, especially for children
learning in their second language, depends on the
relationship between the 2 languages (mother
tongue and second language).
By referring, where possible, to their mother tongue
language children are able to relate their new
learning with already understood concepts and
ideas.
It has been recognised the most productive way a
child learns a new language is by having a
transitional period where they are able to relate
the new language to their mother tongue. This may
be difficult to provide within a classroom situation,
but where possible, translating concepts or
instructions into their mother tongue can engage
the child in their learning and develop their
understanding of the new language.
Over a period of time the translation becomes less
as the child learns and understands the language
of instruction. During this time the child is able to
show their true ability and increase their enthusiasm
for attending school.
Within a classroom there is often more than one
student who is not being taught in their mother
tongue. By pairing them together, when working
and listening, they will be able to offer support and
encouragement to each other, raising their
confidence and self-esteem.
It will offer them an opportunity to discuss concepts
and ideas, in both languages, ensuring a better
understanding of the concept being taught. Make
sure both languages are used within the classroom,
and not just rely on their mother tongue, as this will
not benefit them academically or socially.
Children understand new concepts at different
rates, even when they are learning in their mother
tongue. If a child has the additional obstacle of
learning the new concept in a second language, it
will take longer for the concept to be properly
understood. Teachers need to be aware of this
and allow for extra time and support.
It has been shown, through numerous research
projects that children who are not schooled in their
mother tongue face many difficulties, academically
and socially. It will take time for a child to reach a
level of understanding in their second language
where they feel confident enough to participate in
the class and are able to display their real ability.
This will come through additional support and
encouragement from all members of the community,
ensuring they complete their education and fulfil
their potential.
 udw>
F td.ql.td.chs
School Health
w>[XzXvl(Diarrahoea)
tcDynD=
w>[XzXvlM.rh>w>qgtw>yeD.wcg'D;wrh>b.
w>qgwcgb.IAw>[XzXvl[XzX[;*DRvX,Hm0Jtg
M> cH EGH M. w> ym y eD. 0J vX w> [X zX vl t ,Hm t xX
vDRIA(wd>eD.=w>[XzXvlt,HmtxX uJxD.to;
t*h>'D;w>ulpg,gbsgtDRM.w'fod;'D; w>[XzXvl
wuD>cgb.)IAw>[XzXvlwuD>cgpH;w>M.ylRuGHm(
14)oDtwD>ylRvJRw>vD>cHtbsDtgxD.A(weHRtgM>
oXbsD> 3day )'D;th.[;xD.tgxD.ph>uD;A(weHR
tgM>A 300 gram >300g /day ) M.vDRIA[XzXvl
wuD>cgM.[JuJxD.to;vXusJwbsK;bdA(ySHmu
zk w> qg C> Ekm < w> tD. ylR w> pkm td. < w> ul; uGJ; t
w>*h>uDwz.<'D;w>qgt*kRt*Rwz.)
w>yXqSXuG>xGJw>[XzXvl<w>[XzX[;*DR
AAI ArRoh.ng tw>yeD.wz.A+A [XzXvloGH.wym<
rhwrh>oGH.ymA([XzX0Hm Dysentery)
AAIA'G;uG>xH[;xD.
AAIACkxXvXu[h.uoH./rhwrh>'d;uG>u'guhRA
wuD>cgw>[XzXvJRM.w>ymzsg0JcHuvkm=
A(tyeD.uCgCkmo;cHcgvXm)
[XzXvloGH.wym(Diarrhoea without Blood )
th.wz.[JvDR'fxH(th.vlxH)<[JvDRtg'D;qSHA
(tvGJ>yS><bD)Iw>ud>'D;[XzXqguymCkmoh.oh.<
b.q.oGH.wymb.IAubsJubs;A(Mucus) vX
th.usgwymb.Iw>rRuG>tyeD.M.rh>0JxHvDRpSR
( Dehydration ) vDRI
[JuJxD.0Jt*h>wcD<bg&X;oh<bJ;xH&H,gohA
( Cholera and Escherichia Coli)rhwrh>w>qgC>
vXtql;tD.w> ( Parasite ) 'f( Giardia )M.vDRI
wd> eD.=A w> [X zX vJR 'D; w ym Ckm oGH. b. M. w>
xH.M>ph>uD;w>n.*d>M.vDRI
[XzXvl0Hm<oGH.ym ( Dysenteric Diarrhoea -
Diarrhoea with Blood)
th.M.ySJm'D;wrh>xHb.'D;oGH.ymCkmM.vDRIA[XzX
qg 'D;w>ud>'d. oh vDRIAw>qguJxD.t*h>nDEk> M.
rh>0Jw>qgC> Shigella'D; Campylobacter bJ;xH
&H,gwz.vDRIAw>qgC>ql;oGH.A( Parasite )'ft
rHbg
( Amoeba ) ph>uD;uJxD.[XzX0Hmohph>uD;vDRI
unDuFdo&.vHmw>upD.=vgEGH <2749
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAz;CX
yH>uG>tbh.AAAAAAAAAAAAAAys>vDRuhR'fvD>vD>AAAAAAAys>vDR'D;uhRu'gu,Du,DAAAAAAys>vDR'D;uhRu'g
tDxHw>ol'fo;xHAAAAAAAAwtd.b.AAAAAAAAAAAAAAtug'd.AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAtDxHwohAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
udmylR'D;yhsRAAAAAAAAAAAAAAb.pD.AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAChxD
rJmxHAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAArJmxHxD.AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAArJmxHwxD.AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAArJmxHwxD.A
rJmcsHAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAb.*D>AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAvDRqX.wpJ;AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAvDRqX.z;'d.
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA(rhwrh>)o;yhReD.vDRo;
w>td.o;xD&DRAAAAAAAAAAAb.*D>AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAol.o;[l;*JRAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAw>bSH;o;'d.'d.uvJm
&J.usJRwX ( Plan A)AAAAAAAA&J.usJRcH(PlanB)AAAA&J.usJRoX(PlanC)xHvDRpSR
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAxHwvDRpSR
[XzXvloGH.wymAAAAAAAAAA[XzXvl0Hm
tyeD.wz.AAAAAAAAAAAAAAwbsDwcD.w>ud>xD.AAAAAAw>ud>'d.
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA[XzXqgwpJ;wpJ;<bSd;AAAAAA[XzXqg'd.<bSd;
I
th.AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAvJRxHAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAvJR'D;oGH.
;
vDRb.,dmvXo;orlAAAAAAxHvDRpSRAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAoGH.pkmxD.

w>CkxH.M>w>qg
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAwcgrhwrh>tgM>tM.AAAAAAAAAAAAcHcg
w>tug'd.uwX>M.w>uyJmxHeDRz;xHvXrd>yS>ylR
vDR pSR 'D; ul pg tDR wkR vDR wDR vDR M. vDRIA w> Ck xH.
oh.ng w>qg M. w>rRtDR'fuoH.w>ul.b.ul.
ohusJtzDcd.vDRIA([XzXvJRvXoGH.wymb.rhwrh>
xHvDRpSRzJt-uX;cHcgAAAAAAAAAAAAe;e;uvJmcHcgwcgrhwrh>tgM>
w>[XzX0HmA
(Dysentery) IA'fod;eyJmz;w>qgM.rh>uJxD.o;
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAChxDz;e;
vXbg&X;<AbJ;xH&H,grhwrh>trHbgA( Amoeba) {g
M.<Aeub.rRuG>ySRqgtth.M.vDRIA
uG>qdurd.w>vXvmwz.=
AIAw>[XzXvltuvkmcJvXm=AtqduwX>yJmxHeDR
z;xHrd>yS>ylRvDRpSRA(uG>vXvmA)
AI Aw> ud> r h> td. 'D; e u b. qd u rd. Ckm ph> uD; w>
qgvXtbs;pJvdmo;wz.<'ftrh>=w>n.*d><Ae>
xD.*DR(Otitis Media)(21.1),yod.nd;(Pneumonia)
( 21 . 2 )cd.ElmovDnd;
( Meningitis 15.1)rhwrh>qH.usdRw>qgC>EkmA(UTI)
(13.1) I =Aw>ulpg,gbsgxHChxDvXrd>yS>ylRA(Treatment
AI AySRqgM.t[XzXtw>yeD.'f[XzXuykm<rhwrh> of Dehydration)
[XzXwu;(Tender Abdomen or Abdominal =AwdRCh(2)Aw>qgyeD.vXuyJmxHeDRz;xHpSRt
*h>t&J.tusJRWHO [D.cd.'DzsX.w>td.ql.td.
Distention) rh>td.M.<qdurd.xD.vXw>qgvXb.
chsu&X)
ul;uGJ;(ySHmusdRwHmwXRrhwrh>ySHmxl.zsd)wuh>I
Izdo.w*Rt[XzXrh>[;*DRt,HmtxX(Chronic IAySRqgM.w>yeD.vXxHpSRwtd.A=wvd.wD.xD.
Diarrhoea ) (tgM>cHEGH)M.qdurd.xD.w>tD.vDR
vXw>qg[H. IPDb.I
IAwJb.rd>vX'k;tDEk>tzdwz.vXu'k;pl>tzdcJtHR
xk;'D;w>qgt,HmtxXuvkm
cJtHR'D;wbsDwbsD,HmxD.wpJ;wpJ;I Arh>w 'k;tDrd>
Irhrh>vXzdo.tD.Ek>uwD>M.qdurd.xD.vXuvJ
Ek>xHb.wcDA[h.'k;tD Oral Rehydration Solution
w>tD.wuh>IAw>[XzX[;*DRtHRuJxD.nDEk>to;
(ORS) wuh>(uG>vHmbs;pJ)rhwrh>w>txHtedvX
zJvXp;xD.'k;tD.w>Ek>xHvXyvD( Bottle-Feeding )
trh> w> tD. txH(w>n.csD xH<rhRcsD=uG>vHmbs;pJ
M.vDRIA
24.6. 'k;tDxHvXudmylR<w>Ek>xHqH.)wkRvX[XzXy
(uJxD.o;vXusJt*Roh=w>qguJxD.t*h>wz.A
wkmI
=xHw> wrRoH tC> rhwrh>w>Ek>xHyvD eXtk.M.
IAw>tD.okwvDRxk;w*hRt*D>'k;tD.zdo.vX
vDRI w>tD. tg tg w uh>IA zd o. tD. w> t oH; rh> oh < 'k ;
tD.w>tD.vXtAAymbk{dR[k{dRuvkmA(Cereal)
w>yJmxeDH Rz;vXxHvDRpSRt*h> wRolwRo. vXt*hR'D;w>'d;w>v.vXt*hRwz.
w>[XzXvlA(vDRqD'.w>vl'D;toGH.wym)M.xH 'D;whEkmw>'d;w>v.tod1=2eD.wXRvXw>tD.ud;
vDRpSRvXe;e; uvJmohvDRIAtcD.xH;wrHR<Az;eyS R bsDySJRxD.cHEGH
qgxHvXrd>yS>ylRvDRpSRtyeD.wuh>A(uG>wdRChvXpk IAwJb.zdo.trd>vXub.rRM>ORS'fvJ.rhwrh>
xGJwbh.M.wuh>A) rhRcsDxH'fvJ.A(uG>vHmbs;pJ)
18
 19 Karen Teacher Newsletter - June, 2010

wdRCh(3)=w>'G;w>[h.ORSvXtcD.xH;4e.&H.
IAwb.[h.uoH.'f[X
vXtDw>xHw>ed'ftnDEk>trJmngA=AwJb.rd>vXu[h.
zXywkmb.A(t'd,
o;eH. 4vgqlt 4vg=12vg 12vg=2eH. 2eH.=5eH. 5eH.=14eH. 14eH.qltzD
Loperamide )
cHeH.zDvm âAAAA50 - 100 ml ORS zJvJRth.qg0HRud;bsD zDcd. cd.
eD.up> 6uHvdql 6=10uHvd 11=12uHvd 12=19uH 19=29I9uH 30uHvdqltzD [h.VitraminA qlzdo.
tgM>cHeH. âAAAA100 - 200 ml ORS zJvJRth.qg0HRud;bsD tw,X> tzDvm qltzDvm tzDvm vd vd cd.
tHo.xH 200=400 400=700 700=900 900=1400 1400=2200 2200=4000 vXto;p>M> 12 eH.w
z.vXub.xD.w>qg
tw,X>
IAwJb.rd>vXutDtgxD.xHvXweHRweHR'D;tvD>
cHrRxGJwEGHcHbsD [H. IPDwuh>I
WHOt PlanC vXuulpgxH[;xD.e;e;t*D>
w>rRySJRxD.Zinc t*m IA'k;xD.w>qg[H. IPD.A[h.ySJRuhRxHvXoGH.uhR th.qgvXtwymCkm'D;oH.G
wJb.rd>vXub.[h. Zinc t*mqH;tg usdR'D; Ringer lactate 'fwdRCh4
AIAorHord;uhRySRqgw>td.o;A(15)rH;eH;wbsDw ySRqgvXt[XzXvltxHqSHqSHM.wvd.[h.
tngp>M>6vgA=weHR 1/2 Tablet of 20 Antibiotiesb.
Miligram, A[h.wkRySJRxD.14oD uh>
tngyS>M>6vgA=weHR1/2 Tablet of 20 Miligram, AIAw>rh>[h.ySJRuhRvHxH'fw>ymyeD.ySJRySJRvH'D;(zd
o.*D>6e.&H.o;yS>*D>3e.&H.)
[XzXvlvXoG.H wymDiarrhoea with
[h.wkRySJRxD.14oD out Blood
'k;eJ.rd>vXub.[h.uoH. Zinc 'fvJ. AIAuG>orHord;uhRxHw>td.o;'D;ol Plan A, B
w>[XzXvlwuD>cgvXtoGH.wymM.tgwuh>w
zdo.AArRvDRySH>uoH.vXrd>Ek>xHwpJ;< ORS,rhw rhwrh>C wuh>I vd.uoH.rRoHw>qgC>b.Irh>emouh'fM.'D;A
rh>xHuqSD<vXeD.wXRylR IAuoH.qJ;vXoGH.usdRrh>wtd.b.M.<[h. ORS (tpSRuwX>)vDRqD'.w>[XzXvJRxHtd.cHuvkm
zdo.vXtngyS>xD.A=rXtth.*HmbsJ;uoH.<rhw cDzsdeg'hylRxdbdA( Nasogastric tube) . 20 ml / kg / vXvd.uoH.rRoHw>qgC>M.vDRIA
rh>usJ'D;xHuqSDwcG;ylRA(rh)eD.wXRylR hour AAvX6e.&H.twD>ylRwuh>A(eD>up>pDRwuH ( Antibiotics)
'k;oh.eD.rd>vXAub.[h.'k;tDZincuoH.rRySJRwkR vduoH.20rHvHvHxX.qJ;oGDuoH.0HRwbsDuG>ySR
ySJRxD.14oDySJRySJR qgw>td.o;wbsDwuh>I
IAymySRqgvXw>qg[H.tpSRuwX>24e.&H.wkRvDR
cDv&.(Cholera)(vlbS;d w>qg)
IA [h.ul.rd>vXzdo.rh>uJ xD.'fvXvmM.u[J'd; vXw>CkxH.M>w>qg[JuJxD.t*h>b.wuh>I [X zX vl o wl> u vm vl xH A( t xH vDR *m [k xH ) M.
uG>u'guhRo; qdurd.xD.w>[XzXvlbSd;w>qg( Cholera) (uG>
IAerh>qdurd.vXurh>w>qgvlbSd;A( Cholera )
IAth.qgvDRtg AAAAAAAAAAAAIoXoD0HRzsg w ud n> M.<qdurd.xD.vXu[h.uoH.rRoHw>qgC> [XzXvlbSd;
IAw>olo;xHe;e; AAAAIAw>ud>xD. w>qg12.2 )wuh>Izdo.ngyS>M>,J>eH.<rhwrh>ySR
AA( Antibiotic Treatment )wuh>IA(uG>A12.2 )
IArJmcsHvDR,X. AAAAIAwtD.w>wtD ngyS>w*Rv>v><vX[XzXvlxHowl>uvmzJ<w>
IAzdo.w*R<erRySJRuhRxH0HRvHM.A=rRxGJAPlanA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAw>tDw>'ftnDEk> wuh> vD>vXttd.b.0Jw>qgvlbSd;A( Cholera) w>qg
wuh>IAzdo.tngp>M.t0JM>wz.<M>b.w>vl
w> y eD. vX x; (3) cg tHR ym zsg 0J '. zd o. w *R t xH wdRCh 4 w>rRySJRuhRxHcDzsd Ringers Solution bSd; w.qgohph>uD;<b.q.tw>qgM. eeDRz;
oH;edoH;M.vDRI 'D;w>qg[XzXvlxHvX[JuJxD.o;vXw>*h>t
w>bsX4bDvXw>ulpgo;vX[H.vXCD tqduwX>[h.A30rH 0HRtvD>cH[h.u *kRt*R M.wnDb.IvDRqD'.w>vX[J uJxD.
[h.'k;tDw>xHtgxD.A=(uG>Plan A AvXu'k;tD vHu&.§uHvd 'D;A70rHvHu
&.§uHvd o;vX Rotavirus w>qgC>wuvkmM.vDRIAcD
w>rEkRtxH[h.rRySJRxD. Zinc) o;eH.(12)vgqltzDvm 1e.&H. 1e.&H. v &. vl bSd; e; e; w z. w> -uX; [h. u oH. rR oH
w> qg C>< t *h> 'f tHR < w> y eD. td. 0J vX t rR pSR
o;eH.(12)vgqltzDcd. 30rH;eH; 2=5e.&H.
qJ;'k;tD.w>tD.
oh.qXz;uwD>rk>eHRvXu[J'd;uG>u'guhRo;'D; oh.eD.=AwrH;eH;tvDRpDRA]A ccx x Drop in 1 CC
vDRw> -uX;[h.uoH. rRoHw>qgC><w>[XzX
uoH.o&. Hr 60 vlt,HmtxXtqXuwD>M.vDRI
WHOtw>[h.ul. PlanB vXuulpgySRvXxH
vXotdylRvDRpSR t'd+A,tJ.'d;[h.uoH. 500cc vX5e.&H.t uH>tg'H,gA(Giardia)w>[XzX[;*DR
IAwD.xD.vXw>qg[H.'fIPD wD>ylRvDRIA 1cc M.tvDRpDRtd. 20 vDRpDRvDRI w>[X zXvl wuvkmtHR[JuJxD.to;vXw>qg
IAtcD.xH;A4e.&H.twD>ylRA+A[h.ORS 'fwdRChoX tM.ow;'D;wrH;eH;tylRtvDRpDRA (Drops / Min) C>wuvkm Giardia Intestinalis M.vDRIAtg'.
IAySRzdo.rh>o;vDtgxD.ORS [h.tgxD. = 500/5x 20/ 60 = 33 Drops / Min (wrH;eH; 33 w>wuh>tw>yeD.td.'.pSRcg'f<w>o;uvJR<[X
IA[h.*H>[h.bgrd>vXuqJ;'k;tDtEk> vDRpDR) zX qg < eD> u p> w ,X> vD R < th. qg vDR vX t xH M.
IA4e.&H.0HRtvD>cH<uG>u'guhRxHvDRpSRA(uG>wdR vDRIAw>ud>wtd.b.IA w>qgrh> uJxD.t,Hmt
w>ulpg,gbsg xXA(tgM>14 oD)M.<ulpgtDR'D;uoH.
Ch2)'D;uG>u'guhR
w>bsXcd.oh.wz. Metronidazole (zdo.15 mg/kg)eDRz;vDRoXyltDw
AAw>ulpg,gbsgt&J.tusJRvXurRxGJA(rh>td.'H;
IA'Do'Xrhwrh>ulpgxHvDRpSRA(ulpg'f Plan A,B rh yl<'k;tD 5 oDwuh>IA
vXPlanB tylRM.rRxGJu'g Table2 tod;4e.&H.
wrh>C) ySRo;yS>A+A 2g/day OD for 3 days )
wuh>IAuG>vXwvg'XzJpkxGJwuyRwuh>I
IA'Do'Xw>tD.vDRxk;A(ulpg'f Plan A)
vGH>e.&H.0HRtvD>cHuG>u'guhRxHvDRpSRwuh> IA[h.ySJRxD. Zinc t*mA("gwf)
rRySJRuhRxHvXzdo.ylR0HRA=rRxGJ Plan A IA[h.uoH.rRoHw>qgC>xJ'.w>*h>w
eDRA(uG>vXvm) ySRe>yX>uoH.uoDwz.orHord;uG>ySRth.rh>oh
xHrh>[;xD.'H;=ArRu'guhR PlanB M.urh>w>t*hRuwX>vDRI
 aus1if;usef;r1a&;
School Health
0rf; ysuf< A0rf; a vSs1 _cif;
a&1*g_zpfyG1;rSKudkap1ifh-unfhax1ufvSrf;_cif;p
epf(ae1ufqufwGud J -k unfyg) h
t"dyÜg,fzGiqd fh cs
k uf
e1w1&Snfr[kwfao1(&kwf_cnf;)0rf;avSs1a&1
*gqdkonfrS1vGefcJhonfh14&uftwGif;wGifAwaM
twGif;0rf;3-udrfESifhtxuf<A0rf;oG1;ao1yr1
P rS1 vnf; A w aM wGif (300 A*&rf) xuf ydk _cif; udk
ac: onfI A0rf; avSs1 _cif; qdk onf rS1 a&1 *g \
vP©1 w ck o1_zpf _yD; a&1 *g r [kwf ayI A0rf;
avSs1< A0rf; ysuf _cif; A2 ywf xuf ydk í_zpf yG1; yg u
,if; udk e1 w1 &Snf 0rf; ysuf< A0rf; avSs1 _cif; [k
ac:onfIA_zpfyG1;&onfhta-u1if;&if;rs1;ESifhuk
orSKrs1;rS1rl&kwf_cnf;0rf;avSs1a&1*gESifhe1w1
&Snf a&1 *g wdkAh wGif uG1 _c1; onfI A&kwf _cnf; _zpf
yG1;ao1a&1*gonfrs1;pG1ao1rwlnDonfht
a-u1if; &if; rs1; a-u1ifh _zpf yG1; onfI A( t p1 tdrf
ESifh tl vrf; a-u1if; ul; puf a&1 *g rs1;< At p1 t
qdyf oifh _cif;< AcGJ pdwf rSK qdkif &1 _y o1 e1 rs1; ESifh t
0rf; oG1; onfh t cg r pif onf At &nf _zpfxufp1
vSsif 0rf; ays1h ays1h t ae _zifh aoG; rs1; yg &Sd ae onf
udkawGAh&onfIA0rf;Adkufe1_cif;ESifhudk,ftlcsdef_rifh
wuf_cif;wdkAhudkvnf;awGAh&onfItrs1;qHk;rS1
Shigella ESifhCampylobacter ydk;rs1;a-u1if_h zpfyG1;
_cif; _zpf onfI Auyf yg ; ydk; _zpf ao1 t rD; b1;
(Amoeba) a-u1ifhvnf;0rf;udkufa&1*g_zpfapEdkif
onfI
a&1*goGi_f yifvP©1rs1;
=Avle1onf&ufrnfrSs0rf;ysucJf _h yD;_yvJ D I
=A0rf;xJwGiaoGf ;ygov1;IAt&nfcsn;f ouf
AAoufoG1;ov1;I
+A Adkufe1_cif;<A0rf;oG1;onfhtcgwGifAptdkrSe1
AAusi_f cif;<Azs1;e1_cif;(odkArh [kw)at1h
f tef_cif;
AArs1;&Sod v1;I
Z,1;(1)&kw k _f cnf;_zpfao10rf;ysufa&1*g
a&1*g&S1azG_cif;
touftEœ&1,f&SdrSK
rpif(0rf;)ta_cttae
-unf&h ef)wkAd wG
h zJ ufjcif;&Srd &Spd Íf;p1;&rnfI
0rf;t&nfusJusJrs1;'va[1oG1;jcif;< xyf cg w
vJvJtefjcif;rs1;&Sdr&Sd-unfhygI&SdvSsiu1 f v0rf;
a&1*g
a&1*gudkpÍf;p1;yg(tcef;12I2wGif-unfh&ef)
tu,fívle1wGif0rf 0rf;A d k u f qkdif&1vu
1vuQQP1
rs1;
rs1;jzpfao10rf;Ad k u f tvGefe1usifjcif;<okdAhr
[kwf0rf;Adu k w
f if;v1jcif;&SdvQicGf JpdwrSf Kqkdif&1rs1;
(tp1vrf;a-u1if;ydwfjcif;< okdAh r [kwf t layguf
xGujf cif;)udpÍf
k ;p1;&rnfIuav;wa,1ufonf
2ywfxufydkíe1w1&Snf0rf;avQ1<0rf;ysuf
a&1*gjzpfv1csdefwGift1[1&csdKAhwJhjcif;ESifht
jc1;e1w1&Snaf &1*grs1;udpÍf k ;p1;&rnfI(tcef;
17I1wGit f 1[1&csKd AwJ h jh cif;ta-u1if;-unf&h ef)
uav;i,frs1;wGif0rf;ysufygu t p1 ajy1if; vJ
í auGs;jcif;udk t_rJ pÍf; p1;&rnfI A0rf;ysuf< 0rf;
avQ1a&1*gonfrdcifrSEkdAhAAl;pwifwkdufao1t
cgrs1;wGif tjzpfrs1;onfI A (a&udk r usdK csufjcif;
odkAr[k
h wEkf dAhAl;roefAh&Sif;jcif;)
a& gwfcef;ajc1ufjcif;udkokH;oyfjcif;
a&"gwf
0rf;avQ1<A0rf;ysufjcif;(t"dut1;_zifhaoG;ryg
ao10rf;oG1;jcif;)onfa&"gwfcef;ajcmufrSKudk

a&1*gvP©1rs1;

qkd;&G1;pG1 jzpfapEkdif onfI A yxrÍD; pG1vle1t1;

_c1;a&1*grs1;) t a&; ]uD; qHk; t csuf
a&"gwfcef;ajc1ufrSKvuQP1rs1;&Sdr&Sdppfaq;
0rf;ysuf<A0rf;avSs1_cif;udkudkifwG,fa_z&Sif;_cif;qdk rS1a&"1wfcef;a_c1uf
&efjzpfonfIA(Z,1;2ud-k unf&h ef)
onfrS1 rSKudkqef;ppfoHk;oyfí
Z,1;A2aq;yn1tjrif t 1;jzif h a wG A h E k d i f
=Aa&1*gvP©1rs1;udkod&Sd_cif;<A0rf;avSs1&1wGif xd a&1ufao1 uk o
rSKay;&efjzpfonfIa&1
ao1a&"gwfcef;ajc1ufrSKudkqef;ppf
AAaoG;ryg_cif;(odAk rh [kw)f aoG;0rf;oG1;_cif;
*g&S1azGrKS uakd q;yn1 ok;H oyfjcif;
a&"1wfcef;a_c1uf_cif;
t&nfusJusJ_zpf_cif;
enf;i,fe1_cif;<Atef_cif;
&Hzef&Hcgzs1;_cif;<Adkuft
aoG;rygao10rf;ysuf_cif;

(Dysentery)
tjrift1;jzifh jyK vkyf (WHO- urÇ1u h se;f r1a&;tzGAJ h)
=Aa&"1wfcef;a_c1uf_cif;udoH k ;k oyf_cif;
onf (0rf; oG1; onfh
=AukorSKudka&G;cs,f_cif;(ESifh§odkArh [kwf)_yefvnf tcg aoG;ygjcif; odkAh r
v1a&1uf_yo&efa_y1qd_k cif; [kwfryg_cif;h A ikd ;f

cgaES;auG;pG1_yefusHKAhoG1;onf rSefwu,faES;auG;pG1_yefusHKAhoG1;
&kwf _cnf; _zpf wwf ao1 0rf; ysuf a&1 *g ESpf rsdK; udk &yfpyf ;kd bufw;D &D;,1;
ta&_y1;udkvTwfvdkufonfht ta&_y1;udkvTwfvdkufonfhtcgt
ar1yef;EGrf;e,fae_cif;(odkAh)owd

a&udkrao1ufEdkifyg(tvGeft1;
(qdk;&G1;ao1a&"gwfcef;a_c1ufrSK

onf(t_rJwrf;_zpfouJhodkAh)
at1uf wGif az: _y x1; onfI A(vP©1 ESpf rsdK; vkH; yd;k okAd rh [kwtrD
f ;b1;
tvGefa_c1ufaoGAhaeonf

enf;aeo_zifhra_y1Edkifyg)
tvGeftrif;csdKifh0if_cif;

a-u1i fhjzpf onfr jzpf

ESpfckESifhESpfck\txuf

a&1axG;aewwfonf)
rsuf&nfrxGufyg

onf u d k o d & S d a p&ef

aoG;tqdyoif
aoG;yg_cif;
&Sd_cif;<Atef_cif;
tzs1;wuf_cif;<AAdkufe1rSK
0rf;udkuf_cif;

aoG;rygao10rf;ysu_f cif;
tpDtpÍf(pD)

vpfae_cif;

0rf ; ppf a q;jcif ; ud k

Plan C

rpifrs1;onft&nfusJusJESifhyr1Pta_r1uft
&Sdjcif;)

jyKvkyfoifhygonfI


_r1;_zpf_yD;ta&1ift1;_zifh-unfaeonfIA(tndK
f h_cif;

ae1ufxyfuse&f adS o1
a&1if=t0ga&1if)I tcsurf s1;udpk Íf;p1;ao1
tenf;i,fcsdKifh0if_cif;
ESpfckESifhESpfck\txuf
A(a&"gwfcef;a_c1ufrSK

tzs1;ESif0rf
h ;Adkufe1_cif;&Sdwwfao1fvnf;Arpif tcg wGif 0rf;y sufjc if;
a_c1ufaoGAhaeonf
pkd;&drfa-u1ifh-u_cif;
tenf;i,f&Sdjcif;)

rsuf&nfrxGufyg

ta&;}uD;onf

xJwGifaoG;odkAhr[kwfAtusd<AtcGsJrs1;ryg0ifayI t rsdK; t p1; t1; vkH;

tpDtpÍf(bD)

wkdAhwGif y x r ÍD; qkH;

Plan B

aq; y n1 t1; _zifh od _rif Edkif a o1 a&1 *g vP©1

a& gwfcef;ajc1ufrSKudkqef;ppfokH;oyf&rnfI
a&"gwf


rs1;rS1a&"1wfcef;a_c1ufrS_zifhzkH;várf;_cif;cH&Edik f
(a&"gwfcef;a_c1ufr&Sd_cif;)

(at1ufzufwiG -f unf&h ef)

onfhtcgyHkrSeftwdkif;_yef
Plan A tpDtpÍfA(at)

onfIAyg0ifywfoufaeao1a&1*gyd;k rs1;rS1Adik ;f
ta&_y1;udkvTwfvdkuf
rsuf&nfxGufonf

tzs1;
tzs1;&SdonfqkdyguiSufzs1;a&1*g(tcef;15I2
&yfpfrs1;<AbufwD;&D;,1;rs1;(Cholera and
usHKAhoG1;onf
pdkpGyfaeonf

wGif-unfh&ef)tv,fe1;a&1if&rf;jcif;otitis media
Escherichia Coli) ESifhuyfyg;ydk;rs1; (Giardia)wdkA_h zpf
o1ref

o1ref

(tcef;21I1wGif-unfh&ef)tqkwfa&1ifjcif;
r&Sdyg

EdkifonfIAiSufzs1;a&1*gwGifvnf;aoG;rygao1 (tcef;21I2wGif-unfh&efÍDÍ;D aES1uftajrS;

rsufvHk;ta_ctae

yg;pyfESifhvSs1ta_c
rsuf&nfxGuf_cif;
a,bk,sta_ct

A0rf; ysuf< A0rf; avSs1 _cif; udk awGAh Edkif onfI aoG; r a&1ifjcif;(tcef;15I1wGif-unfh&ef)odkAhr[kwf
a&udkq1av1if

f ki_f cif;
pG1ao1uf_cif;
ta&_y1;udkqGJ
ta_ctae

ygao10rf;ysu<f A0rf;avSs1_cif;(0rf;udu k a&1

f *g) qD;vrf;a-u1if;ydk;0ifjcif;(tcef;13I1wGif
íqkwud
tae
ae


unDuFdo&.vHmw>upD.=vgEGH <2749 20
 21 Karen Teacher Newsletter - June, 2010
uav;t1;usef;r1a&;vkyfo1;rs1;xHodkAhjyef 4e1&D-u1_yD;ae1ufa&"gwfjznfhpGufrSKudk
a&"gwfcef;ajc1ufjcif;udk_yKpkuko_cif;
vnfjyo&efta-u1if;t&1rs1;udkrdcift1;&Sif; jyefvnfqef;ppfjcif;
urÇ1husef;r1a&;tzGJAh\tpDtpOf(at)t& uav;t1;a&"gwfjyefvnfjznfhpGuf_yD;
jyx1;&rnfr1S =A
0rf;ysuf<0rf;av#1olutd kd rw
f iG jf yKpkuo
k rSKay;jcif; =0rf;tajr1uftrs1;oG1;jcif; =3&uf-u1_yD;onftxdroufo1jcif; onfhae1ufwGiftpDtpÍf(at)
vle1onfa&"gwfcef;ajc1ufrSKvu vuQQP1rs1; =a& tvGeftrif;iwfjcif;< =tzs1;wufjcif;
twkdif;ukorSKay;yg
=rsufwGif;csdKifh0ifrSK&Sdjcif; =yHkrSeft1;jzifh rp1;Ekdif< Arao1ufEkdifjcif;
r&Syd gIaq;&kwH ifíuko&efrvkt d yfygIrdcifjzpfot l 1; tu,fía&"gwfcsdKAh wJhrSK
ajy1&efrS1rdcifEkdAhudkykdít-udrf rs1; pG1 t csdef rSef (txufazm_yygvuQP1A3=ckonfuav;a&
"gwfcsdKAhwJhjcif;udk nGefjyonf)
qufvuf&SdaevSsiftpDtpÍ(bD f )twkdif;
rSefwdkufauGs;&efjzpfonfItu,fírdcifEkdArh wkduf jyefvnfvkyfaq1ifyg
auGs;Ekdifygu "gwf q1; &nf wkdufauGs;jcif; (odkAh r
tdrw f iG jf yKpkuo k ay;&efpOf;rsOf;4ckr=S h sef;r1a&;tzGAJ \
[kwf) t jc1; t &nfrs1;jzpfao1 pGwfjyKwf< x rif; urB1u h tpDtpOf(pD)t&
t&nfrs1;udydk rk w dk u dk af u|;&ef
&nf<ae1uf quf wGJ yg; pyf rS w qifh a& "gwf wkduf qk;d &G1;pG1 a&"gwfcsdKAh wJrh KS udk ukorSK ay;jcif;
(owfrw S af y;x1;ao1t&nfrs1;udk
auGs; jcif;wGif&SK&efI A'defcsÍf tp&SdonfwkdAh udk 0rf; aq;&kHwufíukorSKay;ygIRinger lactate
tpDtpOf(at)wGif-unfh&ef)
ysufjcif;&yfwefAhoG1;onftxdwkdufauGs;&efjzpf azsm&nf u d k ( Z,1;=4)wG i f j yx1;onf h t wk d i f ;
Zif"h gwfjznfph u G rf KS ay;&ef
onfI uav;rs1; t1[1&csdKAh wJhrSK rjzpfap&ef t aoG;a-u1rSoGif;ay;ygIA15rdepfw-udrfuav;\
tp1au|;jcif;udquf k vufvyk af q1if&ef
p1;tp1rs1;udak jr1ufrs1;pG1auGs;ay;&efvt dk yf tajctaet1;qef;ppfokH;oyfygI t u,f í vkd
jyefvnfjyo&efcsde;f qkcd suf(&ufcsde;f ),lx1;&ef
onfI tyfao1yr1%t1;tjynfht0ay;_yD;vSsif(wESpf
tu,fíuav;taejzifhtp1tzwfrs1;rp1; at1ufuav;rs1;t1;6e1&D<t&G,af &1uforl s1;
EkdifyguESHp1;ajy1if;yg0ifao1tp1;tp1<vwf urÇ1u h se;f r1a&;tzGAJ \ h tpDtpÍf (bD) t1;3e1&D)<a&"gwfjznfph u G rf KS ujkd yefvnfo;Hk oyfygI
qwfao1toD;rs1;< toD;t&Gufrs1;< tp1;t t & a&"gwf csKd Ah wJrh KS udk jyKpu k o k rSK ay;jcif; xkAd ah e1uftpDtpÍf(at)(bD)(pD)twkid ;f vufawGAh
p1xJwGif [if;&GufqD wZGef;< ESpf ZGef;cefAh xnfh í =Aaq;&Hkwifyg usio hf ;Hk ygI
jznfph uG pf 1tjzpfESpyf wfcefAauGh s;&efjzpfonfI =Ayxrqk;H 4e1&DwiG "gwf f q1;&nfuZ,1;3 kd tu,fío1ta-u1aq;tjzpfray;Ekid yf guES1
"gwfq1;azsm&nf(odAk rh [kw)f xrif;&nft1;jyKvyk f wGijf yx1;onft h wkid ;f ay;&ef acgif;ydu k rf w S qif"h gwfq1;&nft1;ay;oGi;f Ekid yf g
jyifqifenf;udrdk cijf zpfolt1;&Si;f jy&rnfI =Atu,fíuav;onfowfrSwx1; f onfxuf onfIAuk, d t f av;csed w f uDvv dk sS i2f 0rDvv D w D 1ESKe;f
"gwfq1;&nfuykkd rd v dk t dk yfvsS iykf rd adk y;&ef jzifaj
h c1ufe1&D-u1oGi;f ay;&ejf zpfonfIxkAd h
yHrk eS af o1ufo;kH aeust&nfyr1Pxufyf rkkd í d
=Ardcift1;rdcifEAdk u h q kd ufvufwu dk af uGs;ckid ;f yg ae1ufta-u1aq;oGi;f &eftwGuvl f e1\t
ao1ufo;Hk &efrdcifjzpfot l 1;ajy1jy&rnfr1S =
=A4e1&D-u1_yD;ae1ufa&"gwfjznfhpGufjcif;udkjyef ajctaeudpk pfaq;&efjzpfonfIvle1udak q;&Hw k iG f
=Atouf2ESpfat1uf===50=100rDvDrDw1"gwf
vnfo;Hk oyfyg(Z,1;2ud-k unf&h ef)xkAd ae1uf h ykpHH tenf;qk;H 24e1&Dx1;&S&d efIa&1*gjzpfaponft h
q1;&nfu0rf kd ;w-urd oG f 1;_y;D wkid ;f wku d &f ef
wGiygf 0ifonft h wkid ;f vku d ef 1aq1if&Gu&ef f jzpf a-u1if;&if;ud&Sk 1awGAonf h txdx1;&S&d efI
=Atouf2ESpt f xuf===100=200rDvrD w D 1
onf(tu,fítpDtpÍf(bD)wGiquf f vuf&Sae d tu,fíu1v0rf;a&1*g[koHo,&SdyguyÉdZD0
"gwfq1;&nfu0rf kd ;w]urd o f 1G ;_y;D wkid ;f wku d &f ef
yguZ,1;2ygtwkid ;f ae1ufxyf4e1&Djyefvnf aq;rs1;jzifuk h orSKay;&efjzpfonfI(tcef;12I2
uav;waeAhw1ao1ufokH;onfa&yr1Pud h rdk vkyaq1if
f &efjzpfonf) wGif-unfh&ef)
cift1;ar;&efIwywfvsS iEf pS ]f urd us f e;f r1a&;|1 a&"gwfjynf0h oG1;vSsit f pDtpÍf(at)twkid ;f vku d f
eodAk v1a&1uf
h jyo&ef Z,1;A3Ayxrqk;H 4e1&DwiG w f u dk af u|;ay;&rnfjzpf e1aq1if&u G yf gI
ao1"gwfq1;&nf\teD;pyfq;Hk yr1%
uav;t1;Zifh"gwf(ZINC)jznfhpGufrSKay;&ef Z,1;=4Ringer’s azsmf&nfjzifhaoG;a-u1rSwqifa& h
Zif"h gwfyr1PrnfrsS ay;&rnfurdkd cift1;ajy1jy "gwfjyefvnfjznfph u G af y;jcif;
900=1400 1400=2200 2200=4000
30uDvkd*&rf

&efr1S =
yxrÍD;qkH; xkdAhae1uf
txuf
txuf

touf6vat1uffA==waeAhvSsif20rDvD*&rfaq;
14ESpf

30ml/kgay;&ef 70ml/


jy1;w0ufu14 dk &ufao1uf&ef kgay;&ef

uDvkd*&rf
19=29I9

touf6vtxufA=waeAhvSsif20rDvD*&rfaq;
5=14ESpf

touf12v 1e1&D 1e1&D

jy1;wjy1;uk14 d &ufao1uf&ef at1uf


Zif"h gwfjznfph u G rf KS udrnf

k oAkd ay;&ef
h rdcift1;jyo
uDvkd*&rf

touf12v 30rdepf 2e1&D

12=19
2=5ESpf

ay;&rnfI txuf 5e1&D



wESpfat1ufuav;i,frs1;A== aq;jy1;udkZGef;xJ
*&rfat1uf
11=12uDvkd

owdjyK&efrS1wrdepfvSsiftpufaygif;= CCX x Drop in 1cc

12v=2ESpf

"1wfq1;&nfy 200=400 400=700 700=900

wGixnf f x h 1;írdcifEAdk <h "gwfq1;&nf(odAk rh [kw)f Hr 60

oefA&Sh i;f ao1a&xJwiG azs f m&ef Íyr1

Íyr1tu,fí5e1&DtwGif;aq;500pDpDay;csif


at1uf 

wESpftxufuav;rs1;A==aq;jy1;ud0g;p1;&ef k
&rf

vSsiþok f dAwG
h ufcsuf&onfI1pDpDwGiftpufaygif;
4vat1uf 4=12v

*
udk,ftav;cdsef 6uDvdk*&rf 6=10
v kd

(okAd r[kh w)f oefA&Sh i;f ao1a&udyef k ;uefv;kH (okAd h 20yg&So d nfIxkAd ae1uf h wrdepfvsS iftpufaygif;
uD

r[kw)f ZGe;f xJwiG x f nfíh aq;jy1;ud,if k ;a&xJ (drops/min)=5005x2060=33drops/min

at1uf

wGifazsm&ef (wrdepfvsS it f pufaygif;33puf)

rdcift1;owday;&efr1S Zif"h gwfjznfph u G rf KS ay;jcif;ud14k
r_yD;qHk;ao;onfhþ0rf;ysuf<0rf;avSs1_cif;aq1if;
r1P(rDvDvD

&ufv;Hk jynf0h pG1jyKvky&f ef

touf

yg;udv k 1rnfph 1pÍfwiG q f ufvufaz:_yoG1;ygrnfI

w1)
 xg<w>eHRw>th'D;w>ySRd yS>D oeX.
Puzzle, Cartoon and Poem
vk>zdxgzd zJvgr;&S;w>ud>cgw>rRvd rh>0JeR,Ryrl'g AAAb.rR0JvXm*H>vXmbg rRvdCkM>w>ul.oh
AAAw*RvXtrlt'g 1IAzJyrRvdw>tcg
w>ul.oh'D;tbl;vJ 1IAqH,J><oX<cH0;wqH 1IAcHoX<AoX<AcH0;wqH AAAw>cJvXmb.vD>b.p; AAAw>uDw>cJb.ySRtg
AAAw>rRvdp;xD.0JvH AAAqXuwD>*DREGHe.&H. 9IAvXySRtusgw>rRtg AAAusJ;pX;ql.ql.[h.vDRo;
1IAw>ul.ohtbl;tvJ
AAAuD>&h.cd.e>ymzSd.o; AAAeHRzk.w>rRvdtd;xD. AAArh>0Jo&.tJ.'d.0g AAAcgqlngrRrkmyo;
AAAtd.0J'D;tusdRtusJ
AAAzJw>ud>cgvgr;&S; AAAw>vD>u0mx.o0D AAAu M>w>upD.vDRwH> 2IArRvdw>tgxD.tgxD.
AAA'fod;yu'd;M>*D>
2IArkm}wDRbkod.w>rRvd 2IAw>rRvdtd;xD.teHR AAAb.'d0Jw>*DRud;eHR AAAoyS>wX>yuohxD.
AAAvXm0J'.w>qXuwD>
AAAok;uh267ymzSd. AAAcd.e>tg*R[JxD.'H; 10IAzJw>od.vdqXuwD> AAAcGJ;,mtd.'D;ySRtcg
2IAqXuwD>vXtd.'D;ySR
AAAw>vD>rh>0J'.wdnd AAAcd.e>vXt[Jwz. AAAAt0J'dqXxX.qh.eDR AAAy-uX;Ckul.ohtgtg
AAArRy0JvXmol.vXmo;
AAArh>0JeHRzk.w>rRvd AAA[h.*H>[h.bgyo&. AAAA,uG>tDRw>bSH;,o; 3IAyuG>u'D;wpJ;zd
AAAw>uG>pd'D;w>rk>v>
3IAxH.vdmo;zJvgr;&S; 3IAy'd.vgphw>uwdR AAAAeH Rclol.,J'.vXo; AAAtg8Ro;wtd.rRvd
AAArk>weHRyuxH.b.
AAA'fuoh.ngtgxD.b. AAArh>w>uwdRvk>yShR'd. 11IAzJtwJw>vJRcDzsd AAAqdrd.qH;Ckw>ul.oh
3IAw>uwdR'dtd.wbD
AAAvHmeJ.usJvXy0J*D> AAAo&.uH>pDutgxD. AAAAuem,J'.Cdu'd AAAw>yD>,>upJRcHoh
AAA*hRvXy-uX;'D;pdmcD
AAA(MTT)u&X[h.vDR AAAw>rRvdtHR'k;td.xD. AAAAtw>vJRcDzsdwz. 4IAwcsK;pJRcHw>ul.oh
AAAc.uwX>ol.ul.ohxl.
4IAuFdo&.rk.cGgud;*R 4IAySRvX&J.usJRw>rRvd AAAAuem,Jrkmol.rkmo; AAA[h.vDRo;rRvdM.oh
AAAo.xD.cDqX'D;eXrl
AAAusd.0g*hRxlod.vdySR AAArh>0Jul.oh0JRusdRcd.('loxl.) 12IAw>od.vdvXrRvdb. AAAw>ul.ohvXtd.'D;ySR
4IAw>uwdR'dwzsX.tHR
AAA'fod;yuohxD.*D> AAAw>rRvdtHRuuJxD. AAAAvXo&.*D>*hRoyS> AAAyrJmCHM>'H;ySR*R
AAApdmrlpdm*JRrRwH;wH;
AAA[h.vDRo;b.rReD>uD> AAAul.oheJ.&GJ.rRph>uD; AAAAo &.rk.cH*Ro;yS> 5IAul.ohrh>wtd.'D;ySR
AAArRrRrh>wkRuwD>b.
5IAzJw>rRvdqXuwD> 5IAw>rRvdt*h>wz. AAAAvXw>vD>,HR[J0J'. AAAuvkm*RuxH.qH;ySR
AAAto.qXyutD.b.
AAAuJxD.0Jxd.'h.weDR AAAo&.zkxD.u&SJyF; 13IAo;eH.td.vH,J>CkqH AAAuusJ;pX;,JwkR,oh
5IA'fyzDwX.ymvDRCm
AAAxd.'h.b.q.o;wqH; AAAw>ud>cgw>rRvdtHR AAAArR 0J'.oyS>yS>vH AAArRvdCkM>w>ul.oh
AAAvXusJwDRwwl>C.o;
AAAw>ul.ohb.[H;M>'H; AAAw>rRwh>tDR,Hmwh>vH AAAAy0JvXo&.o;p> vX=A(rDRxH)z.t.uD>&h.<
AAAerh>wl>C.b.zk;eJ
7IAw>rRvdwbsw D cD. 6IAvXuD>&h.EGHbh.tylR AAAAy-uX;uG>vdusJ;pX;rR weDo&H.uD>q.
AAAwpdRtHRupJcH0J
AAAxH.vdmo;orloud; AAAo&.zk xD.[;oukR 14IApdRvXcHzdo.wz.
6IAw>pJRcHwrh>w>*hR
AAA'DeHRngvXw>rRvd AAAtw>od.vd*hR'd.r; AAAAw>ul.ohvd.0JoyS>
AAAyvD>yo;rR*hR*hR
AAA*kmusJ;pX;y0JxDbd AAAue.,JrHchb.o;(w>rHvDR'd;)AAAAAzdo.uJxD.ySRo;p>
AAA'fyw>wdmw>rk>v>
8IAytd.0JvXupX>0> 7IAvXw>rRvdwbsDtHR AAAAo; p> rh> xH uD> *H> bg rRvdCkM>w>ul.oh
AAAyvD>o;rRoyS>yS>
AAA[JxH.vdmo;'D;o&. AAAo&.td.t*RCkqH 15IA'f [D.cd.'Dbh.ymzsg
7IAw>ul.oh'D;w>rRvd 1IAzJyrRvdw>tcg
AAAw>rRvdp;xD.tcg AAAySReD.*H>t*RCkqH AAAAySRo;p>rh>ySRttg
AAArh>ySRuvkmrJmyS>zd AAAw>uDw>cJb.ySRtg
AAA[h.vDR0Jul.ohyDng AAAzDrhRwrh>nDu.uH; AAAAo; p>ul.ohuM>b. AAAusJ;pX;ql.ql.[h.vDRo;
AAArhwohul.ohyDng
9IAoGAhuDvgzdwkRtd.ySR 8IAoyXRo;yS>w>rRtg(tdouFH) AAAArh>0JeR,Ryrl'g AAAcgqlngrRrkmyo;
AAAvDR*m'frJmbsD.cD.u>
AAAyo;cky0Jud;*R bDeDReHR
8IAw>ul.ohrh>td.'D;ySR 2IArRvdw>tgxD.tgxD.
AAAw,Hmb.yb.vDRz;
AAAuJbsK;vXySR*D>tgr; AAAoyS>wX>yuohxD.
AAAoXqHwXcH0;wqHrh>zJ
AAAusJ;pX;vlRCkw>ul.oh w>vX,wl>b.'d.tg 3IA,[H.CDw>uDw>cJ AAAcGJ;,mtd.'D;ySRtcg
vX<Aw>ud>cgySRrRvdw>zd AAAy-uX;Ckul.ohtgtg
AAAw>uDcJycDzsdoh 1IAw>uDw>cJtd.'d.tg AAAuG>uym'D;usJ;pX;,J
(bkod.uD>q.)
9IAvJRvJRrh>ylRtvlRuD AAAzJuJuFdo&.tcg AAA,rh>Ck,up>bsK; 3IAyuG>u'D;wpJ;zd
AAAqlngrkmvhRwkmvhRwDR AAAvJRzJtHRySRud;o&. AAAzdo.qH;oh.wb.bsK; AAAtg8Ro;wtd.rRvd
AAAqlngw>td.rltusJ AAAvJRzJM.ySRud;o&. 4IAcDzsd,'G;w>tHRCd AAAqdrd.qH;Ckw>ul.oh
AAArh>w>ul.ohtbl;vJ 2IAul.ohwtd.uJo&. AAAzdo.qH;,b.od.vd AAAw>yD>,>upJRcHoh
vX=o&.tJ.,ReDR AAAwrh>w>nDnDzdb. AAAw>vX,wl>b.'d.tg 4IAwcsK;pJRcHw>ul.oh
AAAw>ul.ohrh>pSRb.q. AAAywD>xDo&.rl'g AAA[h.vDRo;rRvdM.oh
unDzdokwuG>vd AAAcDzsd[h.vDRwh>to; vX=pDR'h0gyh> AAAw>ul.ohvXtd.'D;ySR
vX=xHusDx.<A'loxl.uD>&h. AAAy rJm CH M> 'H;ySR *R

1IAzJvX,eD>qH;tcg 3IAy'J'k.'GJ.csH;b.q. 5IAy'JzdCh>cVb.q. 7IAcDzsdqdrd.'d.vDRo; 9IAzJ

5IAul .ohrhe>o;
wtdp>.'H'D;yStR cg
AAAcsH;'D;y'JrRvdb. AAAcsH;zdwwl>C.to; AAAy'JzdwrReXRw> AAAySRvD>cHtd.wh>0J'. AAAuAAAA
vkul
m*R.uohxHyD.ng
qH;Ck ySR tgtg
AAAuusJ;pX;,JwkR,oh
AAAcsH;rh>ySRvXCh>ubJ; AAAwXcHoXp;xD.Ch>0J AAA'fM.od;yunDzd AAAweDRolw>rlRw>bSD; AAAzJqXuwD>td.'D;eR
AAArRvdCkM>w>ul.oh
AAAy'Jrh>ySRvXCh>zsJ. AAAcsH;Ch>0JubJ;ubJ; AAA-uX;y[H;M>w>rRvd AAAw>td.rluJw>[;*DR AAA*kmusJ;pX;[H;M>eJ'.
2IAy'J'k.'GJ.0JcsH;zd 4IAzJcsH;zdp;xD.Ch>cg 6IAunDzdol.bD.o;p> 8IApdRcJtHRul.ohtpdR 10IAvX
vX=A(rD cHu
RxH)z. wX>>u
t.uD &h.pH<w;,J
eDo&H.uD>q
AAAcDzsdcsH;Ch>CXtCd AAAy'JrHeDRb.to; AAA,o;td.[h.*H>[h.bg AAA*kmusJ;pX;eJunDzd AAAAw>td.rlvDR*my'J
AAAerh>pH;vX,Ch>CX AAAcsH;Ch>wkRqlzDwX.vH AAAuFdzdweDRzFJ;'d.r; AAAerh>rHchrHoyhR AAAAw>td.rl'fy'Jzd
AAAeR'D;,RyuCh>jyX AAAy'JrHw*JRxX.'H; AAAvXvHmvXvJ>wuyR AAAw>td.rl'd.xD.wM> AAAAunDzdokwuG>vd

unDuFdo&.vHmw>upD.=vgEGH <2749 22
 23 Karen Teacher Newsletter - June, 2010
unDzdutD.tuD> w>ushth.cd.Elm Continued from page 5
1IAerh>unDzdw*R 2IAutd.*X>usXR0J'D;eR people. She encouraged me to try hard and get an
1IAeuuGHmzsX.xlwzsX.ql.ql.vDRwvJRb.xH; education, and to help my people. Immediately, in her
AAAeb.td.yvD>eo; AAAusJ;pX;[H;Cm oyS>yS> eyes, I could see her strong determination for her Karen
AAAeuh>e*DR*hR'd.r; AAA[;qSJ;vhypDwz. w> eD w rHR b. w> vX u }wD Cm w td. b. ySR vX u people and her concern for them. She was a very
AAACHvR'd.eh.ySRt*R AAAuG>vdzHzkw>oh.ng zD.ph>uD;wtd.b.b.q.[JuhRu'guhRqletd. brave and great woman leader who worked tirelessly
vDRIAeuuGHm'fvJ.wuvkmvJ.I for the development of the Karen people. She cared and
loved her people deep down in her heart. And, she also
3IAvXrSHRcd.od.vmtusg 4IAerh>uG>uD'fM.'D; 2IAysHR td. 0J w bd t xD td. (50)ph. xH. rH; xX. M. cared about all the people in Burma. She truly believed
AAAeySRuvkmtd.'H;tg AAAuvkmwwkRw>xD.zD vDRI e rh> wHm uGHm tDR w eHR 2 ph. xH. rH; xX. M.e u in democracy and the establishment of a federal union in
b.wHmuGHmtDRySJRoDvJ.I Burma where every one is allowed to be different but
AAAvdmb.w>ul.ohwz.AAAw>ul.ohvXtd.'D;eR enjoy equal opportunities. Although she had been very
AAAzD.xD.eJrh>erl'g AAAusJ;pX;[H;uhRerl'g 3IAq.zd uD> zd vH. td. 0J cH 'k u *m 0J 0. w bd CD far away from her homeland, her strong commitment
0.qH;qH;udmzdvDRu[Jo*X>o;t0Jw'krhysJM.u and determination for freedom for her people never faded
vDR wJm 'D; t M. w'k rh> ysJ M. u vDR wJm M. vDRIAe qd and she always worked hard for her people. She was
5IArh>vXbl.*hRwD>b.Cd 6IAoh.yd>M.yd>eJw*hR indeed an inspiring leader and role model for the younger
AAA'd;M>e0Jw>od.vd AAA0.yd>M.yd>eJw*hR urd.uvJR0J'fvJ.I generations. Although she didn’t live to see freedom for
AAA'ferh>unDCHvR AAA[;qSJ;eJw>tXwz. 4IAod.vh.ty.wqHtd.0Jwcd.ySRunD'd;tDR her people, she will remain a great leader for the struggle
}wD>0J'.t*Rwu,RM.vDRIAodvh.uvJRw>vD> of our homeland.”
AAAvhypD0;w&H;eR AAAymzsgew>qJ;w>vR Throughout her life, Naw Louisa has struggled for peace
3 wDRwXwwDRM.ySRupH.0J'.(35)*R<AcHwDRwwDR and equality in Burma. Since her early years, as a
7IAyunDzdu'd.pd vXeDeDCHvR M.ySRupH.vDR0J'.(25 )*R'D;oXwDRwwDRM.ySRu student at Tuffts University, she recognized the key to
pH.vDR0J(40)*R tCdM.eqdurd.ySRp;xD.pH.vDR change was education. She took over her husband’s
AAA'd.pdvX,GR'd.tCd xHvDRoH;cHuFd<CJyRu&l> role after his assassination, determined to fight against
AAAxd.y0HtrJ>wxD. vlRoDuD>q. w>vD>tguwX>zJvJ.wwDRvJ.I the injustices suffered by her people. After resettling to
AAAunDzdutD.tuD> 5IAvX[D.cd.csXtHRw>vXtcsAhuwX>M.rh>w>rEkR America, she never forgot where she came from or her
vJ.I countrymen and women. She strived to spread the
word of the atrocities committed against them. Until her
6IAySR td. w *R ySR ud; tDR vX pDR 0g vDRI A'D; t rd> t y> last days, she instilled a sense of self-worth in all people
M.td.zsJ.vDR0J'.tzdw*RvDRIA 'D;ySR0JM.wrh>t of Burma, and the belief that they should never stop
xgvXzd'Hzdo.t*D> fighting to achieve the goal of a peaceful and unified
uIAzdo.cJtHRb.uwdR cIAyrh>vJR'frd>pH;ySR 0J> b. 'D; t yk> w rh> ph> uD; b. vX e w> qd u rd.ySR
country. Her passing has left a large hole in our heart,
AAAAzd'HcJtHRb.uwdR yrh>vJR'fy>pH;ySR 0JM.urh>rwRvJ.I but her life and vision will guide us always.
Naw Louisa, we thank and love you. Rest in Peace.
AAAAw'duemrd>uwdR rd>uwdRrh>'duem
AAAAw'duemy>uwdR y>uwdRrh>'duem
AAAArR0J'.zJto;ysdR yuuJxD.b.o&.
AAAAvJR0J'.zJto;ysdR yuuJxD.b.cd.e>
AAAAvXcHuJxD.zd[;zsd; rh>rd>y>tw>od.ySR

*IAyrhrh>zdvXt*hR
AAA'duemrd>y>od.uhR
AAAyrhrh>zdtvXo;z;
AAA'duemrd>y>od.ySR
AAAyrhrh>zdvXzdySJR
AAArd>y>od.oDrReD.0J
AAArh>,l;,D.ymuJrd>y>
AAAw>qd.*hR,GRu[h.og

vX=ApDRrF.tDR

(6)tpXA=teD>up>vDRI
(5)tpXA=o;I
vDRI
(4) t pX A=ySR p; xD. pH. vDR tg u wX> rh> 0J ug ylR M.

.
(3)tpXA=w'kM.th.0J0.ylR'D;vJR0JvDRI
(2)tpXA=25oDM.vDRI
(1)tpXA=b.uGHmqlrlz;zDI
 o&.w>uG;J oeX.
Teacher Talk
w>od.vdw>vJRcDzsd'lo0D'D;
w> ul. b. ul. oht wDR y
wD>
,o0DtHRtd.ol. vDRto;
vX ok; uh(7)z. t. uD> &h.
w> -uJ> uD> q. t ylR 'D; td.
ol. ph> uD; t o; vX wD eDR u
pX> rk> Ek m w u yR M. vDRI Arh>
r;o0DzdvXtrkm'd.r;wzsX.
M. vDRI AySR o 0D zd oh. w
z.tg '. w> w uh> rh> ySR ol
cd. zd w z. M. vDRIA rh> ph> uD; ySR oh. w z. vX w 'd; M> b. w> ul. b.
ul.oh,Hmwh>r;vHM.vDRIAo0DtHRrhrh>o0DvXtrkm'd.r;wz. b.
q.cDzsdvXw>ul.b.ul.ohuFdwtd.b.tCdvDR*m'fod;uolvX
tHo.wqX'D;bsg0J'.r;wuyXRM.vDRIAw,HmwrD>b.'lo0Dol.
uho;yS>oh.wz.wX.yD.oud;0JvXu'k;td.xD.wDRzk.uFdM.vDRI
A'f t 0J oh. wX. yD. o ud; 0J t od; M. tX. vDR wl> vdm 0J vX u 'k; td.
xD. wDR zk. uFd w zsX. M. vDRIA wkR rh> vX w> qX u wD> b. 'D; w> u td;
xD.wDRzk.uFdM.vd.b.u'D;udFo&.vXuod.vdw>M.vDRIAzJM.
tqXuwD>'d;M>b.,Jw>cGJ;w>,m*hRr;vX,uvJRod.vdb.w>
vX o 0D tHR M. vDRI A'f , tX.
vDRo0Dzdol.uho;yS>oh.w
z. vX , u vJR od. vd w> t
od; M. wkR rh> w> qX u wD>
b. 'D; vJRwkR ,J *hR*hRvX o 0D
0J M. t ylR M. vDRIA , vJR wkR
oD oD zd t cg rh w rh> vX uFd u
rH; wHm cH 8R vX t [J ud; ,R
b.M.'D;,woh.ngySReDw
*R b. M. vDRI AuFd '. vJm ,
woh.ng,JvXtrh>uFdb.I
A,oHuG>uFdurH;wHmtusgw*RvXuFdtd.zJvJ.IAt0J'k;eJ.vDR ,R
uFd M. , qd u rd. xD. vX , o; ylR ?uFd w zsX. w vDR *m 'D; uFd r; vJ.I
AvDR*mb.,R'f'JzdwzsX.tod;M.vDRI/AzJ,qdurd.xD.w>'fM.
tcguFdurH;wHmw*RvDR*m'ftoh.ng,w>qdurd.M.vDRIA t0J
wJ,R<A?,&.rk.{XweH.tHRyuFd'kw*hRb.IArh>vXy8H>ybgp>0Jt
CdyuwhxD.uFdvXt*hRywhwM>'H;b.<Ab.q.w>qXuwD>rh>*hR
xD.'D;y*H>bgvXusd.phwyRrh>td.xD.r;yuwhxD.uhRuFdvXt*hR
vDRI/AzJM.vX,o;ylR,qdurd.xD.u'D;<A?'lo0Dzdwz.t[H.
cDwh0Jz;'d.M>upD'D<ApHmvD>ySJRvD>usD> ye>{D>td.upD'DvDRI AuFdzdw
zsX. t 0J rh ym zSd. o; 'D; wh o ud; 0J 'k wh 0J u M>< Au oh {goX.I/ Ab.
q.,wwJzsg,w>qdurd.b.IA,pH;qX'.t0Joh.vXuFdrh>w*hR
b.q.twG;wtd.b.IAok0Jud;*R'J;okrhwl>vdm w>ul.b.ul.
oh 'D; oh. ng w> ul. b. ul. oh t vk> t yShR M.rh> w> o; rHvX , 8D>
vHvDRIA,oh.ngvXt0Joh.b.,d. 0JvX,xH.uFdwvDR*mvXuFd
tCd,o;u[;*DRvDR'D;wod.vdvXRw>b.M.vDRIA,o;rh>[;
*DR 'D; w od. vd vXR w> b. M. w> u r. u vDR wD vX t 0J oh. t vdR
vDRIArh>t*h>'fvJ.M.uFdvXtol.xD.0JM.rh>vXt0Joh.o;ql.Cd
wl>vdmw>ul.b.ul.oh'D;ol.xD.0JtCdM.b.IAeD>eD>wcDrh>'.
vXcd.e>w*Rtw>rXql.vXub.ol.xD.uFdtCdvDRIA'ft0Joh.
rh> ph> uD; o 0D w zsX. vH t od; M.-uX; td. 0J 'D; uFd t Cdw> rkm w> ck.
24
u&Xcd.e>tusgw*RrXt0Joh.vXub.ol.xD.uFd0JtHRM.vDRIA'f
vJ.*hR'fvJ.*hR,wwJzsgt0Joh.w>eDwrHRb.IA,o;ck,JvXt0J
oh.wl>vdm,R*hR*hRtCdvDRIAb.q.zJ,wl>vdmuFdzdvXu[JxD.
uFd vH M. , xH. b. t 0J oh. w> td. zsg w z. , o; [; *DR w pJ; zd ng
vDRIAt8h>'fvJ.M.uFdvX>oh.b.olw*hReDwpJ;b.IA[D.cd.0gph>
uD;wvXwySJRb.'D;w>yD;w>vDvXub.olvXuFd*D>wtd.b.t
rJmnguFdzdoh.wz.[JxD.uFdM.tvdR'D*Rngb.tXxJ[D.cd.u
yHm M. vDRIA 'D; t ul t uR oh. wz. b. tX b. oD 0J 'd. r; vDRIA vHm
xX.vX0H0Jph>uD;wuqSDb.trJmngtxX.M.nm0JqltHRwuhql
EkR w uh M. vDRI Arh rh> u zSL o e; cg u rR u qSD t o; M. w b. qd rd.
vXR w *hRIArh> zSL em o uh o
e;cgemouh,qdurd.'kw
zsgvXRb.IArhb.wJwDwDM.
,p;xD.xH.ySRuFdzdoDoDM.
,o;b.wHmwm0J'd.r;M.
vDRIA,oHuG>t0Joh.b.r
EkR ok b. [J vX uFd b. tX
b.oD'ftHRvJ.IAweDRpH;qX
,RvX vJR Ck tD. n. 0HR [J
uhR'D;u&DtCd<AweDRpH;qX
,R vX vJR ol. bk 0HR [J uhR
xD.'D;u&DtCd<AweDR eDRpH;vX uluRvXt*R wtd.b.tCd pH;qX
,RtrFdrFdM.vDRIA'ft0Joh.rh>zdo.tCdpH;qX,RvdRvdRbsXbsXM.
vDRIAzJM.,ymvDR,o;vX,ubSD*hRxD.uhRtw>td.o;oh.w
z.vX,xH.b.wz.M.vDRIAA,p;xD.od.vdt0Joh.,wJb.
tDRvXw>vXyuJySRuFdzdM.yub.td.rlw>rh>uqSD'D;yub.*km
usJ; pX; vX y w> rR vd t ylR ql. ql. M. vDRIAA, wJ b. t 0J oh. vX ok
rh>[JxD.uFdM.rf,okwxH.b.okvXokb.tXb.oDw*hR'D;vHm
vX,[h.vDRokM.okub.[Jz;vXtb.ud;*R'J;IA,wJt0Joh.
'fM.0HR'f,wJymt0Joh.tod;,xH.vXt0Joh.[JxD.uFdM.zsgu
qSDxD.uDud;*R'J;M.vDRIAwu;'H;b.vHmvJ>oh.wz.*kmusJ;pX;0J
'.upD'DM.vDRIAb.q.rhrh>vXrd>y>wcDw>qD.xGJzdo.pSR'H;0JM.
vDRIAtcD.xH;'krX0JtzdvJRxD.uFdupD'Db.q.tvD>cHM.wJtzd
vX w b. vJR vX uFd vXR w *hR , vd; M> e uFd vJ w M> vXR b.IAt zd M.
b.o;vJRxD.uFdb.q.trd>ty>M.wtJ.0JvXRb.IAcDzsdvXok
vJRuFdtCdM.,rXtD.uhRokwcsKk ;vXRb.IokrRvXmxJphvDIArXtD.
okwcDwoh'D;wcsK;vXReDwxH.vXRb.IAwJ0JtgrHRtgrFdvDRIAo0Dzd
uFdrhrh>wDRzk.uFdb.q.yvJRbs;pJCkm'D;y'd.uFdtCdb.[h.w>cJ
tHRcJtHRvDRIAtCdzJ,e>[l0J'.uFdzdrd>y>utkupGGg0J'fM.tcgM.
,o;b.'d'd.r;vDRIAzJM.uFdzdweDRvXtvd;uFdvJwM>b.M.,
w[H;tDRb.'D;uFdzdvXvd;vHmyShRwM>oh.wz.,wJtDRvXwvd.e
[h. b. , u [h. M> eR vDRI A[J xD. p> cD uFd b. qX b. u wD>
wuh>IAAzJ t 0J oh. rR bl. rR yGJ w bsDv>v>w> bl. w> bg rh> w vDR y
vdm'D;t0Joh.b.q.wohzJtoh,rRpXRt0Joh.M.vDRIArhrh>'lo
0Dzd'D;uFdurH;wHmwz.zsg'fod;[h.,Rw>rRpXRwuJtCd{gIArhwrh>
wM>tCd{gwJwb.b.IA,wJt0Joh.vXok[h.rRpXR,Rrh>wM>
b. q. t wG; w td. b.IAok 0J o 0D zd oh. w z. o k oh. ng w> ul.
b. ul. oh t vk> t yShR 'D; ok 'k; td. xD. uFdt Cd o; ck ,J 'd. r; M.
vDRIAeD>eD>wcD,qdrd.'kwrh>vXuoh.ngw>ul.b.ul.ohtvk>
tyhSR uJ.qd;b.IA'fod;t0Joh.uoh.ng,y-wXR t 0Joh.vXrEkR
t*h>vJ.M.t0Joh.uoh.ng0J,w>pH;y-wXRtcDynDM.vDRI Aw
 25
u; 'H; b. 'f od; t 0J oh. u oh. ng w> ul. b. ul. oh t vk> t yShR
'D;o; ql. tg xD. vX w> ul. b. ul. oh'D; qD. xGJ zd vX uFd tg tg M.
,'k;td.xD.M> t0Joh.wvgwbsDw>td.o ud;M.vDRIAzJM.tcg
,rXySRvXtoh.nge>yX>w>ul.b.ul.oh<AySRcd.ySRe>wz.'D;uFd
o&.vXt*Rwz.[J[h.*H>[h.bgtDRM.vDRIAwu;'H;b.cHEGHw
bsD , rR M> uFd zd oh. wz. w> jyX M. vDRIA'D; p; xD. zJ M> uFd zd rd> y> oh.
wz.xH.b.tzdvXw>rJmngtgtg'D;weDR'd;M>b.cd.z;vXtjyX
w>tzDcd.'D;weDR'lvXwJw>vXySRrJmngtCd,xH.b.vXuFdzdrd>
y>'D;uFdurH;wHmoh.wz.o;td.qD.xGJ0Jb.C;w>ul.b.ul.
ohwuyR'd.xD.0JM.vDRI A'D;w,Hmb. tvD>cHbSD*hRxD.uhRtuFd
tHRM.vDRIAAtcD.xH;,o;rh>[;*DR'D;o;qH;,J'd.r;vXt0Joh.t
Cd b. q. cJ tHR M. , xH. o 0D zd w z.ol. ql. o; *JR xD. 0J vX w>
ul.b.ul.ohwyRvHtCd,'d;M>b.w>o;ck'd.r;vX,w>od.
vdwbsDtHRM.vDRIAcgqlng,emM> t0Joh.vXurR0J*hRxD.tgM>
'H;eH.vXtylRuGHmoh.wz.M.vDRI
vX= eD>rlCHvR<Aw>-uJ>uD>q.<Az.t.uD>&h.
o&.pDR&S.hG vd(ud;)o&.pDR'gcJ.tw>vJRcDzsdzk.udm
tqduwX>pH;bsK;b.,JuFdo&.<Ao&.rk.'D;uFdzdrk.cGgcJvXmCkm
'D;uFdurH;wHm'lo0Drd>y>'D;ySRb.rlb.'gwz.cJvXmvXrk>*DRe.&H.
t0JtHRvXt[JxD.rRvRuyDRb.yo&.pDR'gcJ.tHRM.vDRI
yo&.pDR'gcJ.tHRtd.zsJ.xD.zJ(1947)eH.zJxD;usD;cHo0DM.vDRIAt
'Dyk>0J>td.0J(5)*R'D;t0Jrh>ySRtqH;uwX>w*RM.vDRIAt0Jp;xD.
td.uFdzJto;td.ySJRxD.(6)eH.zJxD;usD;cHo0DwDRzk.uFdM.vDRIAtd.
0JzJxD;usD;cHo0DwDRzk.uFdtHR0HRt0JEkmvDRtd.u'guhRwDRcX.o;zJu
wXwH;weH.0HRvJRtd.u'D;qlrD.vrFJ.CkwDRzJM.weH.M.vDRIAcDzsd
[H.CDw>*h>uDtd.'D;w>qD.xGJtDRwb.*D>tCdt0J[JuhRxD.u
'g ql cd 'D; Ekm vDR td. u 'g uhR uFd zJ y ,> &D wDR cX. o; uFd zJ w> td; xD.
(KRC)tqXuwD>tcgM.vDRIAtd.0JzJM.weH.0HRxH%l>uD>oJ;w>
td.o;w*X>wusXRb.tCdt0Jtd.uFduwX>'D;vD>cHvJRtd.u'D;0J
zJ (u wX wH;) wDR cX. o; uFd EGH
wDRM.vDRI
y o &. tHR t 0J td. 0J EGH wDR cH
eH.0HRty>td.wql.e;'D;t
rd> w cD xk; xD. uGHm tDR vX w>
rR vd 'D; rX [J uhR rR pXR [H. CD
w>*h>uDoh.wz.M.vDRIAt
0JrRtD.pXRtrd>w>weH.0HR'l
o 0D rd> y> w z. vX w> vd.
b. t zD cd. ud; uhR 0J ql w>
od.vduFd'D;'k;uJxD.0JvXuFd
o &. M. vDRI At 0J p; xD.
od.vdw>zJto;eH.td.(19)eH.M.vDRIAod.vdw>zJxD;usD;cHo0D
wDRzk.uFdM>0J(5)eH.0HRw>vJRud;u'gtDRqluGHvho0Dzk.wDRzk.uFd'D;
t0JEkmvDRod.vdw>,Hm0J(7)eH.M.vDRIA'D;zJtod.vdw>(7)eH.t
uwD>t0Jp;xD.qD[H.qDCDA0HRySR[Jud;u'D;tDRqlxHoJvho0D'D;
t0JvJRod.u'D;w>zJM.cHeH.0HR[JuhRu'gu'D;qlxD;usD;cHo0DwDR
zk.uFdM.vDRIAod.vdu'D;0JzJM.ySJRxD.u'D;(6)eH.0HRySRvJRud;xD.
u'D;tDRqlbDeDRzdcH'D;ydRC;o0Dwz.M.vDRIAt0JEkmvDRod.vdw>zJ
M. wkR yX> vX (1997) eH. t ylR 'k. 'g w z. ym zSd. xD. Ckm o; 'D;
(DKBA)vXuxD.'k;vDRySD>uhRy0JySRrRw>yX>qXzdu%l>u&Xwz.'f
od; u vDR yDS> 0J t *D> ol 0J w> pk ql. cD. w u; w z. 'd. 'd. rk> rk> 'D; 'l o
o&.w>uG;J oeX.
Teacher Talk
0DvXttd.qDvDRo;[H.cd.pSRwz.ymyeD.0JvXw>qJ;usd;td.vXySR
w> yX> qX zd t *D> 'D; w> xH. tDR w bsD CD 'D;w> 'GJ. tl uGHm tDR cJ vXm M.
vDRI
vXw>'GJ.tlxD.uGHm[H.cJvXmtusgymCkm0J'D;yo&.tHRt[H.M.
vDRIAzJySR'GJ.tlt[H.tqXuwD>t0JChpdmuhRtw>zdw>vHRvXw>
w [h. tDR t cGJ; b. t rJm ng w> xd. tDR vX usd 'D; t eD> u p> '. 0J b.
Chun;ySRwz.vXokwrRoHc;oHCkmtDRt*D>M.vDRIAu,J>rh>[H.
CDw>zdw>vHRwz.vXw>[H;M>tDRohwz.w>[H;M>tw>cJvXm'D;
vX pdm w oh w z. w> 'GJ. tl Ckm t w> cJ vXm M. vDRI At eD> u p> b. zD
tD.uhRrhRvXw>Ek>xH'XtylRM.vDRIAb.q.yo&.tHRto;wqH;
b.IAymvDRto;vXw>[J'db.ySRwz.tHRyo;rh>qH;'D;yrh>qdu
wh>uGHmyw>ul.b.ul.ohtw>rRtHRcgqlngzdo.wz.ub.uJ
ySRuk>yX>wkRvXto;orlwpdRb.wpdRvXtw>vJRcDzsd[D.cd.tHRM.
vDRIA'D;zJeH.0JM.tuFd[;*DRuGHm0J'D;vD>cHweH.uhRol.xD.uhRtuFd
0.'D;od.vduhR0JwkRrk>rqgweHRtHRwkRto;yS>teH.ySJRxD.(61)eH.
'D;Chtd.bSH;0JwpkzJbDeDR0>uFdtHRM.vDRIAy0J'.ud;eD>*R'J;yrh>td.
'D;w>'dol.'do;tvXt ySJR M.tvD>td.'D; -uX;ph>uD;0JvXy'k;td.
bSH;tDRM.vDRIAyo&.tHRto;ql.'H;vXw>ul.b.ul.ohw>od.
vdrRpXRtylR'd.r;b.q.cDzsdvXto;yS>xD.'D;tw>td.ql.td.cV
w*hRtgtgb.tCdteD>up>ph>uD;rR0JwuJvXRph>uD;b.M.vDRIA
y0J'.ul.ohqJ;vR0JR usdRw
cD y w 'k; [; xD. tDR vdR vdR
b.'D;yuG>u'guhRvX'ft0J
rh>o&.vXt0J'k;eJ.'d*hRwJm
b. w *R t od; cg ql ng zd vHR
tg*Rtusgw>uG>vdrR'd;tDR
u wkR xD. AxD. b; t *D> y
td. 'D; w> &J. w> usJR vX y
urR vR u yDR tDR y 0J vD> cX.
o;ul.ohqJ;vR0JRusdRtw>
yeD.M.vDRIA'D;yrh>vlRuG>u
'guhRyw>ul.b.ul.ohtoeX.tHRzJyuD>&h.tylRt0Jrh>ySRrRM>
w>vRuyDRvDRqDqduwX>rh>xJt0Jw*R{dRM.vDRI
yqXrk>v>Ckmph>uD;vXt'Dy>k 0J><AtzdtvHR<Atorloud;o&.<Ao
&.rk.wz.'D;tgM>tM.ySR*kRySR*Rwz.ph>uD;uohqdurd.xH'D;u
ohuG>w>vXzd'Hzdo.rk.cGgo;p>vXu'd.xD.vXcHwz.uySJR'D;o;
p>vXttd.'D;tuH>tpDtvXtySJR'D;uohrRw>vXtuJbsK;vXySR
tg*Rt*D><AokwuG>eD>w*Rw>b.bsK;w*hRt*D>yemph>uD;oyS>
vXy0Jul.ohqJ;vRu&Xrk.cGgo;p>o;yS>wz.ud;*Ru[H;M>w>'d
*hRwJmb.0JtHRuqJ;rRw>qltySRuvkmt*D>ud;*R'J;wuh>M.rh>y
w>rk>v>uG>pdt'd.trk>M.
vDRIArfo&.(pDR'gcJ.)'D;y
ul.ohqJ;vRu%l>u&XcJ
vXmtd.ql.td.cVrRM>tD.
uJ<AtD.ukmtDySJRylRzsJ;'D;w>
tXw>oDw>ql;tXqgoDud;
*R'J;wuh>M.rh>,w>qX*hR
okud;*R'J;M.vDRI
ySJR'D;w>ymuJtg<
pDRzHvlRulR('loxl.uD>&h.
ul.ohqJ;vR0JRusdR)
 ?rh>w>bsK;'d.uwX>vX,
*D>/
, rh> uFd o &. w *R 'D; , od.
vd wh> w> td. (25) eH. vH M.
vDRI Aw csK; vX , od. vd w>
'H;tcg,td.uFdrh>vX,b.
vJR td. vX vD> t ,HR t Cd ,
rd> , y> qSX ,R w eH. vXm 0J
usD> w 'k t yShR rh w rh> y e> w
'kt yShR ud; eH. 'J; M. vDRI AvX
w> M. t Cd , rd> , y> usD> y
e>vXm0JwbsK;'kngM.vDRIAwkRrh>,zsd xD.wDRwqH0HR,[JuhRod.
vdw>vX,o0D'D;weH.*D>,'d;M>b.,bl; ,vJwwpJ;wrSJ;zdM.
vDRIAtCdySRtg*RwJ,RvXetd.uFderd>ey>qSXeRvXmbl.vXmphRvXm
usD>vXmye>wylngM.vDRIAtcJtHReod.vdw>weH.r;e'd;M>b.e
bl;evJwpJ;zdvDRIAe[h.qXuhRerd>ey>tbsK;uvDRwlmtcgzJvJ.I
Arh>pJCJRvDR< A,b.tD.w>'D;t0Joh. vDRIAySRtg*RpH;b.,RvXe
rR w> tHR w b. bsK; vX , *D> w> eD w rHR b. M. vDRI A'D; w eDR eDR wJ qg
,RvX,rh>ydmcGg,w>ul.b.ul.ohtd.zJt-uX;,rRw>weH.*D>
wM>ySJRod;'D;ySRuG>usD>zdw*Rb.M.vDRIAtcgzJM.,o;qH;vDRbl;
wh> r; vX , u [; xD. vX uFd
o&.w>rRM.vDRIAwkRrh>,
od. vd w> ,Hm t eH. w qH
bsJ. bl; vX t eH. cH qH 'D; ,
[; xD. [; vDR , xH. b.
uhR ySR vX , od. vd b. wh>
tDRwz.uJxD.uoH.o&.
weDR<Aok;cd.weDR<AuFdo&.
w eDR<ArR o ud; w> vX xH uD>
w> u &X u &d ylR w eDR 'D; w eDR
eDR [J uhR od. vd Ckm w> w ylR
CD'D;,RM.vDRIAwkRrh>,xH.b.uhRw>'ftHRoh.wz.'D;,o;[J
uyDRxD.uhR'd.r;vX,w>rRtylR,qdurd.xD.uhR,JySRvXttD
b.w>ul.b.ul.ohtEk>xHvX,[h.vDRtDRoh.wz.cJtHRrlxD.
*JRxD.vXxHuD>tw>b.bsK;t*D>vDrXRIAw>ul.b.ul.ohtcsHt
o. vX , zSH vDR wh> ,J ySR tg *R pH; b. ,R vX t bsK; t zSd. vX , *D> w
td.w>eDwrHRb.b.q.cJtHRwbsDzDxD.z;xD.eXrleXqSD0JvX,ySR
uvkm'D;xHuD>t*D>vHrXRIA,rd>,y>tusD>tye>vXtwl>vXmt
o;wz.M.tcJtHRrRpXRw>vXxHuD>tw>zH;w>rRw eX.wuyRoh
0JtCd,o;ck'd.r;'D;,qdurd.xD.,JvX,o;ylRxJw*R,rRw>
tHRySRtg*Rrh>xH.vXtbsK;wtd.b.oemuhvX,*D>w>ohwRv.
zdvXttd.'D;,RtHRM.,ym,JvX,rRbsK;w>t'd.uwX>vX,*D>
M.vDRI AvX w>M. t Cd , o; rH,J u pD 'D'D; , qX wJm vDR uhR , o; zJ
,td.rl'D;zH;rRuJ'H;tcg,urR,JuFdo&.w>rRwbd,lmCDvXw>
o;pX>qXtylRM.vDRIAvX<Ao&.pDR'GJ.<AyJm0.x.wDRzk.uFd<AbHvh
uD>q.'loxl.uD>&h.
,w>od.vdtw>vJRcDzsd
w>8h>vXtrRrkm,o;'d.uwX>vXuFdo&. t w>td.rlylRM.rh>0JzJ
,xH.,ySRuFdzdwz.td.'D;w>'due.'D;usJ;pX;tvHmw>rRvdvX
, [h. tDR t cgM. vDRIA 'D; zJ , ySR uFd zd oh. w z. o; pJ vX w>ol. 0H.
o; qX M. rh> w> vX t rR rkm , o; ph> uD; vDRI A, uFd 'D; , u p> vg vJ
26
M.8hRwM>8hRtwG;wtd.b.IA,u[h.vDR,o;'D;,wkRtuwX>
wpkvDRIAw>vXtrRzSD.,o;wcgM.rh>0JzJzdo.vXtJ.'d;td.uFd'D;
w td. b. uFd M. td. w bsK; ng rh> vX rd> y>qSX w M> t Cd vDRIA , R ph>
uD; , rR pXR w M> ph> uD; b. w> tHR rR zSD. , o; xD bd zJ , qd rd. w> 8h>
tHR wbsDv>v> M.vDRIAcDzsd,od.vdb.w>t,HmoXeH.vH,b.
uG> qX. rJm w> w td. b.IAuFd zd rd> y> oh. w z. [h. 8H> [h. bg ,R
vXeH.uwX>uFdys>trl;M.vDRIAA'D;uFdzdwz.pH;b.,Ro&.rk.{XcJ
r[d[Jod.vdu;ySR'H;eD>IA,e>[lb.zdo.wz.w>pH;qXwbsDng
tHRbsD,o;rkm8hR8hRvDRIA'D;rh>w>wcgvX,o;yhR eD.tDRwohvXR eD
wbsDb.vDRI
z.t.uD>&h.<AcFd.cFd.th
,w>od.vdw>vJRcDzsd
zJ,od.vdw>vX(2008)eH.
twD>ylRuFdtd.0J'.(92)zsX.
zJ,uD>&h.tylRM.vDRIAzJ,
od. vd w> vX wDR uFd ylR t cg
M.,xH.b.vX,ySRuFdzdt
usguFdzdtd.0Jw8Rt0Jp;xD.
td. vX , uFd 'D; wkR vX t [;
xD.uGHmwpkt0Jrh>ySRvXte>
vdRw*R'D;w>ymol.ymo;8hRw8RvDRIt0JwJ,Ro&.rk.{X=,oh.
ngvXetJ.,R'fezdw8Rtod;,o;rkm'd.r;vDRIA,xH.b.ySRuFd
zdvXtoh.ngqXuhRo&.orgtw>bsK;w>zSd.'ftHRtd.0JweDRt
Cdrh>w>rRrkm,o;t'd.uwX>vDRIAw>vXtrRzSD.,o;wz.td.
0Jph>uD;vDRIAuFdzdrd>y>weDReDR'fod;zdvHRuM>b.w>ul.b.ul.oh
M>*kmusJ;pX;qD.xGJ[h.8H>[h.bgoyS>yS> vDRIAweDReDRM.uFdzdtJ.'d;
xD. uFd vHrd> y> qSX w M> b. td. vDRIAA w> *h> vX t rR rkm , o; t 'd.
uwX>vXuFdo&.tw>td.rlylRM.rh>0JzJxxH.b.,ySRuFdzdoh.w
z. td. 'D; w> 'd u e. 'D; usJ; pX; t vHm w> rR vd vX , [h. tDR t cg M.
vDRIAvX<AeD>rkm0g
w>yX>qXw>vJRcDzsd
tqdpH;bsK;b.,Jw>xHw>wDup>'D;cd.e>ySRb.rlb.'gwz.vX
t[h.,Rw>cGJ;w>,mvX,uuGJ;,JvHmy&Xzdwbh.tHRM.vDRIA,
uFd tHR td. ol. vDR t o; vX ok; uh (&) z. t. uD> &h. w> -uJ> uD> q.
vX>vXRu%l><Ao&Jx.o0DtylR M.vDRI A'D;,uFdtHRtd.ol.vDRt
o;vXo0DylRM.vDRIA'D;,o0DtHR[H.cd.td.0J'.(50)zsX.'D;tylR
uGHm,J>eH.M.uFdwtd.b.IArhrh>uFdM.td.bl;'D;,o0Db.q.vX
w>bX.pXRM.td.0J'D;xHusdtCdzdo.teD>qH;'D;vXzdo.t*D>w>
uDw>cJtd.0JM.vDRIAvXw>M.tCd,vJRxD.uFdwkR,zsdxD.'D;,
[JuhRql,o0D,xH.vXuFdwtd.b. tCdb.,o;wrkmb.'D;
vX,o0DylRM. uFdutd.xD.0Jt*D>,*kmusJ;pX;[h.vDR,o;oyS>
yS>M.vDRIAzJ(2006)eH.M.,p;xD.od.vdw>'D;,uFd'DzsX.M.,uFd
zdtd.0J(10)*RM.vDRIA rR'D;vXcHweH.,uFdzdtd.0J(25)*R'D;rhrh>w
eH.ngtHR,uFdzdtd.0J(33)8RM.vDRIA
vXr.vg<Aw>-uJ>uD>q.
'lo0Dw>vJRxD.vJRxDwcgcDzsdvXod.vdw>
,o0Dtd.ol.vDRto;vXySJRvdmusdtuX>cd.'D;[H.oh.wz.td.
&J.vDRto;vXupX>uvdduydmuyRvDRI [H.weDRb.w>rRtDRvX
oh.b.weDR vX 0.weDR'D;usJrk>usJbdph>uD; b.w>uwJmuwDRtDR
 27
vDRIAvXo0DylRph>uD;td.'D;RC tw>bg,GRo&dmwzsX.vDRIAvXo0D
rk>xD.wuyRM. wDRcX. o;uFd td.0JwzsX. 'D;bsXxHw>bg,GRo&dm
w zsX. vDRI AwDR cX. o; uFd M. b. w> ol . xD. tDR vX u pX> 'D cd. 'D; t
cd.rh>v; 0g'D;uFdzdph>uD;td.wkRvXwu,RbsJ.M.vDRIAvX ,o0D
rk> Ekm M. td.ph>uD;'D;pHm'D; vXo0Drk>EkmM. td.ph>uD;'D;pHm wz.'D;
pHmwz.td.vXupX>uyRyrh>uG>pdM.xD.'fCDoGgwoGgtod;vDRIA
,o0DylRw>bl.w>bgtd.0J(4)uvkmvDRIA'D;w>bl.w>bgwzk'D;
wzk &h vdmrkm vdmo;vXw>tJ.w>uGHtylRvDRIAcDzsdvX,od.vdw>
tCdcJtHR'lo0D'd.xD.ph>uD;vXw>ul.b.ul.ohwuyRvH'lzdo
0D zd w z. t w> e> yX> t g xD. vH vX ng ylR uGHm wJ 0J oh vHm tD. rhR w oh
vHmtD.rhR wbsDtHRxH.b.0JvXw>t'dtwJm tCdwwJvXR0Jb.I
tw>e>yX>'X;tgxD.'d.xD.0JvDRIAzdvHRph>uD;tgwuh> qSXuhR0J vX
uFdvDRIA'D;zdvHRweDReDRrRvdw>zsdwkREGHwDR<ACD;wDRtwDR w qHtd.0J
'.wbsK;*RvHIAvXw>'d.xD.xDxD.tylR'lo0DylR td.ph>uD;'D;pJ;
,D>bkvHI'D;vX'lo0DylRql.csAho &.td.ph>uD;w*R cH*RvDRIAt0Joh
.ySR rh> qd uh rH eDR u b. [; uG> 0J vDRI A'l ylR o 0D ylR M. vJR xD. vJR xD 0J
uGAh> uGAh> vDRI Ay td. vX oGAhbd ,m ysd> t usg b. q. y o; w [; *DR
b. IAySR o; yS> pH; 0J n. vH. od vX xH cH vDRI Aw> vX y w xH. b. M.
xH. b. ph> uD; tg rHR vDRI Aw> *DR rl ph> uD ; td. 0J vDRI AuFd t w> 'd. xD.
vJ>xD.utgxD.qlnguGh>uGh>M.yorXtvD>wtd.b.IA
vXo&.rk.yShRbk<A'd.[J'XwDRzk.udF
?yrh>wrR'D;rwRurRM>ySRvJ./
,eD>up>'.,Jp;xD.vX,td.uFdqXuwD>M.,w>td.rl,b.
vJRcDzsd,JzDS.zSD.e; e;vDRIArh>vX,ygoHymwh>uGHm,RvX,o;td.
(2)eH.tcgM.vDRIA,td.uFd,zsdxD.vGH>wDR0HR,rd>eD>up>'.0JqSX
,R vX uFd w M> vXR b. 'D; , *km usJ; pX; xJ; *H> xJ; bg Ck usJ 'D; , qJ;
td.b.'H;uFdwkRvX(10)wDRM.vDRIA
wkRrh>,ekmvDRwDRwqH0HR'D;,[JuhRekmvDRuG>xGJuhRw>vX,o0Dp;
xD. zJ 2000 wkR vX 2010 eH.
tHR M. vDRI A zJ , [J uhR ekm vDR
od. vd w> 2000 eH. 'D; 2004
eH. t bX. pXR b. uG> qX. rJm
'D; 'k. 'g w> uD w> cJ w> vDR ysHR
vDR zk; bl; wh> r; vX , o; u
[; *DR ym wh> uGHm uFd o &. w>
rRtHRM.vDRIAwrHR,oh.eD.
xD. uhR vX , td. uFd t cg ,
o&.w>uwdRwzsX.vXtpH;
0J ? oH vX xH uD> *D> M. *hR M>
'H;td.rl'D;uJySR*Rtuk>wuh>vDRI/Aw>uwdRzdwzsX.tHRrlvX,ylR
'D;,qJ;od.vdw>wkRvX2010eH.tHRM.vDRIAyrh>CkuG>uhRy'Dyk>0J>
unDzdtd. vX'Ju0DRylR oh.wz. t0Joh.wcDtw>xH.tw>uG>pd
td. 'f vJ. 'f vJ. y w oh. ng uD b.I Ao; td. vJR 0J ql uD> oX bh. w
bh.tgr;M.vDRIAy0J'.oh.wz.ytd.vXxHvD>uD>ylRw>'k;w>,R
usg zSD. zSD. ,m ,m o em uh y o; w [; *DR b. 'D; y uG> uhR u 'D; zd 'H zd
o.vXcHwpdRtw>td.rlcgqlngyrh>w[h.vDRyo; vXt0Joh.t
w>'d.xD.t*D>b.'D;r wR w*RvXu [Jod.vdeJ.vd M>ySRM.vJ.I
Aw> bsK;
vX<ApDR'h.yR=uGHvhursX>wDRcX.o;uFd
,w>td.rlvXuFo d &.tw>vJRcDzsd
zJyeD>qH;tcg'D;wkRvXy'd.xD.wpkw>ul.ohvX[Jtd.'D;ySRvXyylR
'D;y'd;M>qdtw>ul.oh'D;ySRvXtwl>vXm*DRvDRto;uJvXy*D>M.
rh>'.yo&.'D;o&.rk.oh.wz.vDRIAwkREkRwpkySRvXt[h.vDRwh>
to;vXy*D>b.C;'D;vXyuuJxD.ul.oho&.w*R'.vJ.wrh>
w>nDb.IArh>'.ySRvXtySJR'D;eD>cdtuH>tpDvJ*hRw*Rph>uD;vDRIAwkR
uJxD.b.,Jo&.r;oh.nguhR,JcJtHRM.vDRIA
vX,ySRuvkmt*D>'fod;'D;uvkmt*RxH.ohuG>zsg0Jtod;,J'.,
ySRuvkmoemuh'fod;okwvDRxk;b.vXuvkm*RtvD>cHb.M.u
[h.vDRo;wkRvDRwDRvDRvDRIAuvkm*km*Rrh>[Jxk;M>,RwrHRv>v>
'.vJm,o;wtd.,J'.b.utd.rl,J*X>*X>'fod;,ySRuvkmoh.
wz.uwkRxD.0JvXw>rReXRtzDwX.M.o;wok;,JqltHRqlb;
b.IAutd.rl,J'fwX.wzsX.(rh)vX>vXttd.zsgxHcX.o;wzsX.t
od;M.vDRIAwbsDwcD.yySRuvkm,up>r;qD.bH.qD.bXvX,zD
cd.M.wl>b.,J'H;vDRIAoemuhwxH.,Jt0Joh.tw>ur.b.I
A'G;,JvXrh>vXt0Joh.xH.,w>ur.td.tCd'D;rR0JvDRrDRIAzJw
bsDv>v>'.vJm(KED, KTWG) tw>ud>cgtw>rRvdtd;xD.vX
,*D>'D;,ub.wJb.t0Joh.vDRwH>vDRqJ;r;[J,J'.ohvDRIA
w>ol.ql.o;*JRtzDcd.'fod;,uxD.b.,J(KED, KTWG)w>
ud>cgtw>od.vdM.zJt0Joh.oHuG>,Rtod;M.b.pH;qXuhR,J
vXohohb.b.r;'D;t0J
oh.ysJ[J,RuFdo&.w>ud>
cgw>rRvdvDRIAtM.rh>0Ju
nD'.vJmwoh.ngvXRunD
uvkmb.tCduJxD.0Jw>
vJRw>uhRtw>*h>uDoh0J
vDRIA
wkRtcJtHR[JwkR,J'.vXw>
rRvdtuwD>'D;xH.b.'d;
M>,Jw>od.vdtusdRtusJ'f
tHRo;rkm,J'd.r;vDRIAtCd
zJxD.,Jw>ud>cgtw>rRvd0HR'D;tuwD>zJ,uhRM.rh>uoHuG>orH
ord;,R'fvJ.r;woh.ng,J'H;b.IAb.q.,ySRuvkm'D;,up>
vDRIAwrHR*hRwrHR*hRzJ'.urR,R'D;vXol.ql.o;ql.tylRM.w>rR
vd0HR'D;uuhR,J'l'lvDRIAvXw>ud>cguFdo&.w>rRvdt*D>M.zJ'.
t0Joh.urR,RM.,uwl>,J'.vDRIAy0J'.w>vD>tHRbHblto;
oyS>yS>vDRIAuJ0J'.unDwuvkmCD'.vJmtd.0J'.(3)'l.vHtCd
w>wl>b.cD.b.e;0J'd.r;M.vDRIy0J'.uD>ylRo&.oh.wz.wbsD
wcD.td.xD.'D;tw>vJRw>uhRM.uJxD.0Jw>*h>uDM.vDRIA
y[J0J(KED, KTWG) w>ud>cgtw>rRvdtHRM.uvdvdu[Jb.'D;
wrh>w>nDvXy*D>b.IAy[J
rRvdw>0HR'.vJmvXuyuhR
u'guhRt*D>M.rh>uwl>b.
'D;w>orHord;oh.wz.vX
yuFdo&.rk.oh.wz.t*D>
M.rh>uuJxD.ph>uD;w>*h>
uDwrHRrHR{gM.,woh.ng
,J'H;b.IA
ySJRtHR<AvX(=====)uFd<
ApDR(======)
z.t.uD>&h.
 ySRz;w>zdtw>[h.u 'guhR
Reader Feedback

o&. /rk.,Aul.ohySRrRw>zd'D;'Dy>k 0J>ySRz;vHmzdud;*R
y'k;td.xD.unDuFdo&.vHmw>upD.(yClyySdR)wbh.tHRytd.'D;w>rk>
v> vX y u eDR [h. vDR vdm o ud; y w> vJR cD zds<Ay w> xH. 'D; y wRv. vX t
td.'D;ySR'fod;uuJxD.0J'fySRo;yS>pH;?0.tgbd0.wJmxH qSgtgbh.qSg
usXR/ vX w> ul. b. ul. oh t w> vJR xD. ql ng t *D> M. vDRIAy vd. b.
vXeuqSXxD.ew>[h.ul.<Aew>uGJ;<Aw>vDReHRvDRth'D;w>[h.*H>[h.
bg'f od; vHm y &X w bh. tHRt vk>t yShR u xD. b; 0J t *D> M. vDRI AqSX xD.
b. e w> vJR cDzsd< Aw> rR vd'D; w> od. vd vX e M> b. cD zsd xH csX uD> csXrh>
*hR<Ard>y>zHzktw>[h.ogwh>w>oh.ngrh>*hR'D;w>wrHR*hRwrHR*hR'foktJ.
'd;vXuuJxD.0Jw>bsK;w>zSd.M.wuh>IAerh>qSXxD.ew>uGJ;<Avk>zdxg
zd<Aw>upD.'D;w>t*kRt*RM.qSXCkmerHReo.(rh)rHRxd.'H;bd'D;vD>td.
vD>qd;oyS>yS>wuh>IAAerh>qSXw>uhscd.ElmwcDqSXCkm'D;tpXwuh>IAw>
*DRuGH;uG;(wdyg)M.whtDRvXeup>tvHmubsH;0gtvdRwuh>IAyClyydSR
wxXEkmCkmvXRvHm'Xb.tCdol'.vHm'XvXokup>rR'D;qSXb.tDRM.
rh>yw>ChouGHmun;okt'd.ttgM.vDRI
w>uGJ;wz.eqSXcDzdsudFo&.vJRw&H;w>wz.rhwrh>AAAKTWG P.O Box39 Mae Sariang, MHS, 58110 Thailand.
The Karen Teacher Working Group, through this
newsletter, wants to share experience, ideas and
information that we hope is useful for the development
of our Karen education system. We need your feedback,
opinions and news to help us achieve this goal.
Please write below your letters, stories, lesson plans,
games, poems, experiences and anything else you
believe would be useful to share in this newsletter.
Make sure you include your name, date and place
where you live when you write to us. Please use a
plain paper if want to send us your drawings. If you
send a puzzle or game, please include the answer.
We are looking forward to hearing from you!

?
yClyydRS vHmukcd.w>*DR
vHmukcd.rd>yS>=AAAAAAAAAAAAySRudFzdw*RuG>ye>zJw>ud>cgtudFys>uok.uwD>(bHvhuD>q.)
vHmukcd.rd>yS>to;uH>=AAAunDudFo&.w>od.vdcDvh.udFzdw>pXzdS.uhR(eDR[h.eDRcDvdmo;w>vJRcDzds)
vHmukcd.tcsX=AAAAAAAAAAAunDudFo&.w>od.vdcDvh.udFzdw>pXzdS.uhR(ymvDRw>&J.w>usJRqlng)
vHmukcd.tcsXto;uH>=AAw>ud>cgeHRzk.w>rRvd(vlRoDuD>q.)

unDuFdo&.vHmw>upD.=AvgEGH<2749 28
'Dy>k 0J><AuFdzd<Ard>y>'D;o&.orgud;*R'J;
oh.{X<AypH;bsK;b.'d.r;vXokqSXxD.
okw>uGJ;oh.wz.M.vDRIAytJ.'d;ph>
uD;vXokuqSXtgxD.b.okw>uGJ;zdql
ngtgtg'fod;urRpXR[h.*H>bg<A'k;vJR
xD.vJRxDoud;w>ul.b.ul.ohvX
xHvD>uD>ylR'D;'Ju0DRcJvXmt*D>M.vDRI
w>uGJ;vXeuGJ;tDRohtcd.wDrh>0J=
1IAunDuFd'D;w>ul.b.ul.ohoeX.
2IA[D.cd.csXw>ul.b.ul.ohupD.
3IAw>upD.vDRqDoeX.
4IAuFdo&.w>ul.b.ul.ohoeX.
5IAvk>zdxgzd'D;w>eHRw>thoeX.
6IAuFdo&.w>uGJ;oeX.
7IAunDxl%l>pJR'GJoeX.
8IAw>orHxHoeX.

.rJ.>v;tl
rJ>&Rrd>
. rJ>v;
tl;zF. .
.ed.zd
bg'D.,g .

xg(rf)[h. .
 KTWG vd.b.ySRrRw>zdtoDvXw>vD>(4)wDR
(1)AAAvD>vR=AunDudFo&.vJRw&H;ySReJ.w>o&. (3)AAvD>vR=Aw>yXqSX&J.usJRo&.w>od.vduFd0JR'X;cd.
w>zH;w>rR=A[h.o&.w>rRvd<A w>zH;w>rR=AuG>xGJudFtw>zH;w>rRcJvXm
vDRorHord;w>(Monitor)<A w>vJRcDzds=Aod.vdb.w>tpSRuwX>(2)eH.<AuwdRunD<A
orHord;uhRw>rR(Evaluation) tJuvH;udsmub.oh<AzD.cD.zFLxX.ohCkm'D;rRp&DywD>
w>vJRcDzds=Aub.rh>ySRvXtod.vdb.w> (MS Windows: outlook, excel'D;word)
tpSRuwX>(2)eH. (4)AAvD>vR=Aw>od.vd&J.usJRrl'gcd.
(2)AAAvD>vR=Aw>xXudFp&D0JR'X;cd. w>zH;w>rR=A&J.usJRw>od.vXw>ol.xD.udFo&.tw>ohw>b.<
w>zH;w>rR=AvDRtd.oud;udFwz.zJ AqJ;usd;'D;ySRw0Xw>u&Xu&d'D;NGO
unDuD>pJ.tylR'D;xXudFw>*h>w>udsR w>vJRcDzds=AuwdRunD<AtJuvH;udsmub.oh<Aub.rh>ySRvX
w>vJRcDzds=Aub.rh>ySRvXtzdswDRxDudF tw>vJRcDzdstd.vXw>u&Xu&dw>zH;w>rRb.xGJw>ul.b.ul.oh
erh>o;pJw>zH;w>rRtd.zsgvXx;(4)wDRtusgwwDRwDRM.qJ;usd;b.o&.vgph (KED)<o&.rk.vX>xl(KTWG)<A
oo&.&.rkrkmmxH
xH(KTWG)
(KTWG)rhrhw
wrhrh>>vDvDwJwJpdpdeDeD..*H*H>>A053681440
A053681440=055546933AA
=055546933

yClyydSRunDudFo&.vHmw>upD.tHR
b.w>xk;xD.&RvDRtDRvX
unDudFo&.rRoud;w>u%l>M.vDRI
Phru Pwgo Karen Newsletter is
produced by Karen Teacher Working Group.