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rll DETACHABLE

ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Paper II

I Time Allowed : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 300 I

QUESTION PAPER SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS

Please read each of the following instructions carefully before attempting questions.

There are EIGHT questions divided in TWO Sections.

Candidate has to attempt FIVE questions in all.

Question Nos. 1 and 5 are compulsory and out of the remaining, THREE are to be attempted
choosing at least ONE question from each Section.

The number of marks carried by a question / part is indicated against it.

Answers must be written in the medium authorized in the Admission Certificate which must be stated
clearly on the cover of this Question-cum-Answer (QCA) Booklet in the space provided.
No marks will be given for answers written in medium other than the authorized one.

Assume suitable data, if considered necessary and indicate the same clearly.

Unless otherwise mentioned, symbols and notations carry their usual standard meanings.

Attempts of questions shall be counted in sequential order. Unless struck off, attempt of a question shall
be counted even if attempted partly. Any page or portion of the page left blank in the Question-cum-
Answer Booklet must be clearly struck off.

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 SECTION 'A'
1. (a) Explain source coding. A discrete message source emits seven symbols
{m1, ｮ ｾＬ＠ m3 ...... ｮｾｽ＠ with probabilities {0·35, 0·3 , 0·2, 0·1 , 0·04, 0·005, 0·005}
respectively. Give Hulfman codes for these symbols and calculate average bits of
information and average binary digits of information per symbol. Calculate code
efficiency. 15
l.(b) (i) With the help of proper block diagram explain the basic elements of PCM
system.
(ii) An Analog voltage signal whose highest significant frequency is 4 KHz is to
be digitally encoded with a resolution of 0·0 1% covering the voltage range of
0 - 10 V using PCM. In order to avoid loss in information and to maintain
given resolution determine (A) Minimum sampling rate (a) Number of bits
needed for encoded PCM. 10
1. (c) A unity negative feedback control system has an open-loop transfer function
consisting of two poles, two zeros and a variable gain K. The zeros are located at
-2 and - 1; and the poles at - 0·1 and + 1.
Using Routh's stability criterion, determine the range of values of K for which the
closed-loop system has 0, 1 or 2 poles in the right-half s-plane. 15
1. (d) Consider the feedback control system shown

R(s) ｦＭｾ＠
C(s)
25(s + I) ｦＭｾ＠ K
s+5 s(s+ l)

Find the sensitivity of transfer function T(s) = c(s) IR(s) to variations in parameter
K. What is its magnitude at m = 5 for K = 1 ? 10
1. (e) Write about the process details of Chemical Vapor Deposition. 10
2.(a) (i) Explain and differentiate between baseland communication and carrier
communication. An audio FM system with audio frequency of l KHz and
audio frequency voltage of 4·8 V is used with frequency deviation of 7 ·2 KHz.
Calculate modulation index. If the voltage of audio signal now increased to
8·2 V, what is new deviation ? Now if both audio voltage and frequency are
changed to 10 V and 200 Hz calculate deviation and modulation Index.
(ii) Zero mean white Gausian noise with a two sided power spectral density of
4 W/ KHz is passed through an ideal low pass filter with cut off frequency of
2 KHz and pass land gain of unity to produce the noise output n(t).
(A) Obtain the total power in n(t).
ＨｾＩ＠ Find auto correlation function E [n(t) n(t+r)] of the nOise n(t) as a
function of r. 20

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2. (b) The open-loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is given by

G(s) ｾ＠ K .
s(l + s7l )(1 + sJ2)
Find an expression for gain Kin terms of T 1, T2 and specified gain margin G111 • What
is its phase margin for K = 1, T 1 = 0·2 and T2 = 0·05 ? 20

2. (c) Given a 3-stage Lattice filter with· reflection co-efficients K 1 = _!_ , K 2 = _!_ and
4 4
K 3 = _!_. Determine FIR filter co-efficients for the direct form structure. 20
3

3. (a) A discrete memory less source generates either 0 or 1 at a rate of 160 Kbps;
0 is generated three times more frequently than 1. A binary PSK modulator is
employed to transmit these bits over a noisy channel.
The 0 and 1 are represented by v 0 and v 1.

v 0 = -6-JZ cos640n x 103 t V

v 1= 6-J2 cos640n x 103 t V respectively.
(i) Determine the transmitted signal energy per bit.
(ii) Determine the basis function for this binary PSK scheme.

(iii) Determine the probability of error when channel is assumed to be zero mean

AWGN with pSd of No = 3·125 x 10- 4 W/ Hz. 20

2
3. (b) Consider the feedback system shown :

R(s) K C(s)
s(s+a )

(i) If the resonant peak and resonant frequency of this system is 1·04 and
11·55 rad/sec respectively, find its settling time and bandwidth. 12

(ii) Sketch its root-locus plot also asK varies from 0 to oo. Using root-locus plot,
comment on the settling time. 8

3.(c) (i) Write a program to transfer the data of 100 Bytes from RAM starting at
address FOOOH to the place at address IOOOH. using 8237, having channel-1
in write mode. 10
( ii) Write an 8085 assembly language program to clear 65 16 consecutive bytes
starting at 20001 6· 10

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4. (a) (i) What are the different types of error in Delta Modulation ? How can these be
removed ?
(ii) An optical fiber system employs an LED transmitter which launches an
average of 300 UW of optical power at a wavelength of 0·8 Urn into the
optical cable. The cable has an overall attenuation o( 4 dB/Km. The APD
receiver requires 1200 incident photons in order to register a binary 1 with
a BER of 10- 10. Determine the maximum distance (without repeaters)
provided by the system when the transmission rate is 1 Mbps. 20

4. (b) ( i) Consider the signal flow graph shown :

Yt

- H3

Find y 2 and y 6 . Also find Y?. 10

Y1 Y1 Y2

(ii) Consider the open-loop unstable system with the transfer function

G( ) H( ) s+2
s s = (s + 1)(s - 1)
Using Nyquist stability criterion, determine whether the system Is stable
when the feedback path is closed. 10

4.(c) (i) Implement the given logic using multiplexes (3 x8).

F = ｾｭＨｏＬ＠ 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 11, 14, 15) 10

(ii) Determine the range of a and b for which LTI system with impulse
11
a • >0
response h( n) = ' n is stable. 10
[b 11
; n<0

SECTION 'B'
S.(a) A c-band earth station has an antenna with a transmit gain of 54 dB. The transmitter
output power is set to 100 W at a frequency of 6·1 00 GHz. The signal is received
by a satellite at a distance of 37500 km by an antenna with a gain of 26 dB. The
signal is then routed to a transponder with a noise temperah1re of 500 K, a
bandwidth of 36 MHz and a gain of 110 dB.

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 ( i) Calculate the path loss at 6·1 GHz if the wavelength is 0·04918 m .

(ii) Calculate the power at the output port of the satellite antenna.

(iii) Calculate the carrier power in watts at the transponder output. 5+5+5

5. (b) An Engineer wishes to make a silica-core, step index fiber with V = 75 and a
numerical aperture NA = 0·30 to be used at 1300 nm. If n 1 = 1-458, what should be
the core size and cladding index ? 10

5. (c) Determine the divergence of the vector fields.

ｾ＠ 2 1\ 1\
(i) P = x yz ax+xzaz
where flx and flz are unit vectors along .X and z axis respectively.

( ii) . </> ap
Q-7 = p sm 1\ 2 1\
+ p zal/J+z 1\
cos</> az
where ctP, cttP and flz are unit .vectors in cylindrical co-ordinate system. 15

5. (d) In a non-magnetic medium

ｾ＠ 7 1\
£=4sin(2nx 10 t - 0·8 x)az V/m .
Find the E,. and the intrinsic ｩｭｰ･､ｾｮ｣＠ of the medium. Also compute the time-
average power carried by the wave. 10

5.(e) Write down binary equivalent of decimal (- 5·25) in Fixed Point Notation and also
in Floating Point Notation assuming Two's complement for negative numbers and
decimal exponent. 4+6

6. (a) A cellular communication network, for a medium size city, uses a transmitting and
receiving antennas of heights 30 metres and 4 metres respectively. If the separation
between two antennas is 10 km and carrier frequency is 1000 MHz, compute the
path loss and antenna height correction factor. 20

6.(b)

In a circuit as shown, a load ZL = 200 + j 100 n is to be matched to a 40 n line,

using a length, l, of loss less transmission line of characteristics impedance,
2 1• Find land 2 1• 20

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6.(c) (i) Write dQwn with example one method of Deadlock Prevention in operating
systems.

(ii) Give examples of Linear search and Binary search of an array. 10+ 10

7. (a) Consider an optical link consisting of a 5 krn long step-index fiber with core index
n 1 = 1-49 and relative index difference 1%.

(i) Find the delay difference at the fiber end between the slowest and fastest
modes.

(ii) Find the rms pulse broadening caused by intennodel dispersion.

(iii) Calculate the maximum bit rate Br that can be transmitted over the fiber
without significant errors. 20

7. (b) (i) Explain the term reflection coefficient and standing wave ratio for a
transmission line terminated by load impedance ZL.

( ii) An air filled waveguide of cross-section 5 em x 2 em IS ｯｰｾｲ｡ｴｩｮｧ＠ m TE 10

mode at a frequency of 4 GHz. Determine

(A) The group velocity

(s) The guided wavelength

(c) Calculate cut off frequency

( o) What will be the attenuation if operating frequency drops to 2 GHz ?

10+ 10

7. (c) ( i) Prove that the mmtmum number of instructions in a high-level Computer

Programming Language for Complete Procedural Programming is FIVE ( 05).
Exhibit them. 10

(ii) Write a code (pseudo code or that of any standard programming language
(specify)) for interchanging the values of two variables
by using a third variable
by not using any extra variable. 10

8.(a) An air-filled rectangular cavity resonator has its first three resonant modes at
frequencies 5·2, 6·5 and 7·2 GHz. Find the dimensions of the cavity. 20

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8. (b)
PEC Reflector

Dipole

ｾＭＫ､＠

A
Derive an expression for the half-power beamwidth of the x-y plane pattern of a -
. 2
dipole placed in front of a flat reflector as shown. What is the half-power
. A
beamwidth if .d 4 ?
= - 20

8. (c) In parameter passing in programming give examples to differentiate between

(i) CALL BY VALUE

(ii) CALL BY REFERENCE

Illustrate with the help of a block diagram their mechanisms. 7+7+ 6

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