CLASS 10 SOCIAL SCIENCE BOARD EXAM PAPER SOLUTION 2018

SET 2 / SERIES - TYM / CODE NO.-32-2

Q.1 ‘A CHALLANGE IS NOT JUST ANY PROBLEM BUT AN OPPORTUNITY FOR PROGRESS’ ANALYZE THE
STATEMENT.
Ans. A CHALLENGE IS AN OPPORTUNITY FOR PROGRESS :
1) A challenge is not just a problem .
2)A challenge is a difficulty that carries within it an opportunity for progress .
3) once we overcome a challenge we go up higher level
4) Legal challenges alone cannot overcome challenges to democracy like inequality , poverty , unemployment illiteracy ,
regionalism , casteisim ,communalism etc .
5) Legal constitutional changes and the cooperation of the citizen is the need of hour .
Or
A challenge is a difficulty that carries within it an opportunity for progress. Once that challenge is overcome, one
goes up to a higher level than before

Q2. classify resources based on their origin

Abiotic- those resources which are obtained from the biosphere

Biotic - those resources obtained from nonliving component

Q.3 why did roman catholic church impose control over publishers and booksellers ?
Or
Why do novels use vernacular ?

1.(i) Printed religious literature stimulated a variety of interpretations of faith, even among the little educated
working class in the early 16th century.

(ii) Manocchio, an Italian miller, reinterpreted the Bible in a way that enraged the Roman Catholic Church.

(iii) Such instances worried the Church about people reading the various interpretations of the religion and
questioning the Church.

(iv) Hence, it imposed severe controls over publishers and booksellers and began maintaining an index of prohibited
books.
Or
Vernacular is the language spoken by common people. Naturally novels written in vernacular had great appeal to
common people and were widely read.
By coming closer to different spoken languages of the people, these novels produce a sense of a shared world
between diverse people in a nation and inculcate a sense of belonging to the nation

Q.4 why were big european powers met in berlin in 1885 ?

Or
why were the merchants from towns of europe began to move countryside in
seventeenth and eighteenth century ?
Or
Why did charls booth , a liverpool ship owner conduct the first social survey of low
skilled workers in the east end of london ?

To demarcate African countries among them..

or
In the 17th and 18th century the merchants from the towns in europe began moving to the
countryside because the availability of raw material wsa cheap asnd even the labourers were also
available for more production.
Or
To measure the number of poor people
Q.5 when we produce goods by exploiting natural resources , in which
category of economic sector such activity come ?
Secondary sector
Q.6 give any two examples of informal sector of credit.

i.) Moneylender
ii.) Friend or relative

Q.7 STATE ANY TWO GOALS OF DEVELOPMENT OTHER THAN INCOME.

I)good STANDARD OF LIVING (BASIC SERVICES)
II) education

Q.8 explain the three factors that are crucial in deciding the outcome of
politics of social division.

1 . people's perception-if people see their identity in singular and exclusive terms then there will be
conflict but if they see their identity as a reflection of the national identity then they will live at peace
with each other.
2.The role of political leaders - it depends on how the leaders will raise the demands and needs of a
particular community. It will be peaceful if this is done within the dictates of the constitution.
3.The role of political party and government - The outcome will depend on how the government
addresses the needs of a particular community. If it is done in fairness and according to the
constitution then there will be peace.

Q.9 describe any three provisions of amendment made in ‘indian

constitution’ In 1992 for making ‘three tier’ government more effective and
powerful.
1.) Elections of local government conducted at regular interval.

2.) New independent state election commission was formed.

3.) One third seats are reserved for women.

Q.10 ‘secularism is not an ideology of some political parties or persons , but

it is one of the foundations of our country “. examine the statement
--It allows people from different religions to exist together at the least common denominator,
ensuring all their beliefs and rights

--It allows government to function on the basis of rational discourse rather than religious dogma

--ensures peace.

--It promotes scientific and material advancement as this requires free rational discourse

Q.11 how is the issue of sustainability important for development ? explain

with examples.
--The issue of sustainability is important for development because development must be in tandem with the future.

--If natural resources are not sustained, then development will stagnate after a point of time.

--Exploiting resources unethically will ultimately undo the development that a country may have achieved. This is because in the
future, those resources will not be available for further progress.
Q.12 why is cheap and affordable credit important for the country’s development ? explain any
three reasons
(i) The credit helps people to meet the ongoing expenses of production and thereby develops their businesses in
agricultural and industrial areas.
(ii) For middle-class people, loans help a lot in
constructing their houses and get rid of monthly rents.
(iii) It raises the standard of living and social status of the common man by enabling them to buy automobiles,
electronic items, etc.

Q.13 distinguish the service conditions of organized sector with that of unorganized
sector.

The workers get regular monthly salary The workers get daily wages.

In addition to the salary; workers get several other benefits like Workers do not get any benefits apart from
medical benefits, paid leave, PF, gratuity, etc.
Wages

The daily working hours are fixed The workers are given an There are no fixed numbers of working hours.
appointment letter stating all terms and conditions of the job There is no such provision.

People enjoy security of employment. There is no job security, working conditions are very tough.
Working conditions are also good.

Q.14. how can consumer awareness be spread among consumers to avoid exploitation
in the market place ? explain any three ways.

Consumer awareness is necessary in following malpractices

HIGH PRICES : Some product in the market without MRP , the traders can earn a higher .

UNDERWEIGHT & UNDER MEASUREMENT : some traders cheated with the consumer high restoring
to underweight and under measurement.

STANDARD QUALITY : sell standard quality product .

ADULTERATED & IMPURE PRODUCT : in edible items adulteration is made to earn higher profit.

Q.15 “dense and efficient network of transport is pre requisite for local and
national development” analyse the statement.
(i) Fast and efficient moving transport is required for traded items to reach their destinations on time, otherwise
business will suffer.
(ii) Communications are vital for international trade where much advance planning is required for success! If a
communication fails, it can create heavy losses in trade.
(iii) Transport is required to carry raw materials to production centers and from manufacturing hubs to markets
particularly for perishable goods.
(iv) Modern communication facilities like the internet allow commercial transactions to take place over large
distances including overseas transaction. They also keep buyers and sellers informed about their present and
prospective markets.

CLASS 10 SOCIAL SCIENCE PAPER SOLUTION PART -2 ////////(please watch part 1 also)
Q.16 how has ever increasing number of industries in India made worse
position by exerting pressure on existing fresh water resources ? explain.
After independence, industries are increasing in a-, rapid pace and have become a reason for pressure on
existing fresh water resources. Fresh water is almost limited, though renewable in India, but over-exploitation and
mismanagement of this resource by industries are aggravating the water stress day-by-day.
(i) Industries especially heavy industries use huge amount of fresh water for industrial purpose and pollute and
waste such water.
(ii) These industries for their energy consumption purpose depend on hydroelectric projects and this electricity is
generated through damming the rivers upstream. So, the river almost dries in the lower stream areas.
(iii) Again industries dump the chemical waste in the river, lake, etc. which then consequently pollute the water
dangerously for human survival.
These also contaminate the groundwater through seepage of industrial wastes. So, the increasing number of
industries exert pressure on existing fresh water resources

Q.17 “the ‘print revolution’ had transformed the lives of people changing their
relationship to information and knowledge” analyse the statement.

Or

Distinguish between the themes of ‘pride and prejudice’ and ‘jane eyre’ novels written by
jane austen and charlotte bronte respectively.

1. Earlier, reading was restricted to the elites. Common people lived in a world of oral culture. People
collectively heard a story, or saw a performance. Now books could reach out to wider sections of
people. If earlier there was a hearing public, now a reading public came into being.
2. Books could be read only by the literate, and the rates of literacy in most European countries were
very low. So printers began publishing popular ballads and folk tales, and such books would be
profusely illustrated with pictures to make everyone to read books.
3. Print created the possibility of wide circulation of ideas, and introduced a new world of debate and
discussion. Even those who disagreed with established authorities could now print and circulate
their ideas.

Or

Pride and Prejudice:-

1.This novel gives a glimpse of the world of women in genteel rural society.
2.This novel shows a society which encouraged women to look for 'good' marriages and find wealthy or
propertied husband.
3.This allow us to see the behavior of main characters, who are pre occupied with marriage and money.

Jane Eyre:-

1. This novel did not simply popularize the domestic role of women.

2. This novel dealt with women women who broke established norms of society before adjusting to them.

3. This novel allowed readers to sympathize with rebellious action.

 Q.18 describe the impact of ‘rinderpest’ on people’s livelihoods and local economy in africa
in the 1890’s.

Or

Describe any three major problems faced by indian cotton weavers in nineteenth century.

Or

Describe any three steps taken to clean up london during nineteenth century.

Rinderpest, refers to the cattle plague in Africa in 1890s.

With this plague:

--90% of cattle in Africa were killed at that point in time

--With such monumental losses, livelihoods of the majority of the African people were also destroyed

--With such weak economic conditions, the Africans were forced into the labour market

--This helped the European colonies to strengthen their base in Africa

OR

The problems faced by the cotton weavers in India during mid 19th century are as follows:

--A long decline of textile exports from India

--The local market shrank, being glutted with Manchester imports.

--Produced by machines at lower costs, the imported cotton goods were so cheap that weavers could not
easily compete with them.

--Weaving regions of India narrated stories of decline and desolation.

--They could not get sufficient supply of raw cotton of good quality

OR

(i) Housing problem: The most important problem of London was housing the migrants. To house the
new migrants and workers large block of apartments were built.
(ii) Principle of Garden City and Green Belt: Architect and planner Ebenezer Howard developed the
principle of the Garden city, a pleasant space full of plants and trees, where people would both live ar.c
work. Many architects also supported the idea of Green Belt around London
(iv) New transport system: The London underground railway was built to carry- people to arid fro the
city. As a result the population of the city became more dispersed

Q.19 “democracy stands superior to any other form of government in

promoting dignity and freedom of the individual” justify the statement.

Or
“democracies lead to peaceful and harmonious life among citizens” justify this
statement.

a) Every individual wants to receive respect from fellow beings.

(b) The passion for respect and freedom is the basis of any democracy.
(c) Democracies throughout the world have recognized this. It has been achieved in various degrees in
various democracies.
(d) Long struggles by women have got them respect and equal treatment.(e) In many democracies,
women were deprived of their right to vote for a long time which they have achieved now.
(f) In India 1/3rd of seats have been reserved for women in local bodies.
(g) Democracy has strengthened the claims of the disadvantaged and discriminated castes for equal
status and equal opportunity.

OR

--Democracy safeguards the Fundamental Rights which are defined as basic human freedoms which every
Indian citizen has the right to enjoy for a proper and harmonious development of personality.

--Democracies usually develop a procedure to conduct thier competition. This reduces the possilbilities of
these tensions becoming explosive or violent.

--no society can permanently resolve conflicts among different groups but we can certainly learn to
respect these differences and we can evolve mechanisms to negotiate the differences.

--Democracy is best suited to reduce this outcome. Ability to handle social differences, division and
conflicts is a plus point of democratic regime.Hence, democracy leads to peaceful and harmonious life
among citizens

Q.20 how has foreign trade been integrating markets of different countries ?
explain with examples.

Or

How do we feel the impact of globalization on our daily life ? explain with
examples.

-- As choice of goods in the market rises. Prices of similar goods in the two markets tend to become equal.

--The Indian producers can sell their produce not only in domestic markets but also compete in markets located in other countries of
the world.

--Thus foreign trade leads to integration of markets across countries.

Example-Chinese toys in India and Indian ready made garments in other countries have resulted in connecting the markets or
integration of markets in different countries. Goods travel-from one market to another in trade.

OR

1) Culture: Globalization means a decrease in the cultural diversity that used to exist in the world earlier. You can find people in several
countries dressing up like Westerners. Food is another good example. Young people especially are eating more of American or Chinese
foods than their own cultural dishes.

2) Legislation: There has been an increase in the establishment of International courts of justice where someone accused could be dealt
with in any part of the world. Interpol is another example of International law enforcement agency.
3) Language: With increased globalization, people tend to forget their mother tongue and use English instead as there is an idea that it
makes them superior in some way. This might also help them in job searches etc.
4) Information: With the wide use of Internet and other kinds of information technology, it has become much easier and faster to share
information worldwide. Live TV channels are another good example of quick information sharing.
5) Industry: The world has become a huge market where you can buy and sell things produced in any part of the world. There are a lot
of international brands operating worldwide. These include McDonald’s, Nestle, Gillette, Toyota and Next.

Q.21 describe any five major functions of political parties performed in a democracy.

i. Contesting election: In democracies, elections are fought mainly among the candidates put by political parties.

ii. Forming programmes and policies: Parties put forward different policies and programmes and the voters choose from them.
A party reduces a vast multitude of opinions into a few basic positions which to supports.

iii. Making laws: Parties play a decisive role in making laws. Formally, laws are debated and passed in the legislature.

iv. Role of opposition: Those parties that lose in the elections play the role of opposition to the parties in power. Opposition
parties also mobilise opposition to the government.

v. Access to government machinery and welfare schemes: Political parties provide access to government machinery and
welfare schemes implemented by the government. Parties have to be responsive to the needs and demands of the people

Q.22 describe the explosive conditions prevailed in balkans after 1871 in europe.

Or

Describe the role of different religious groups in the development of anti-colonial feelings in
vietnam

1) The disintegration of Ottoman Empire with the ideas of romantic nationalism made this area very
explosive.
2) The Ottoman Empire tried to strengthen its empire but wit very little success.
3) All the European nationalities broke free from its Empire and declared themselves independent.

OR
--Religious groups played an important role in the development of anti-colonial movement in Vietnam.

Vietnamese religious beliefs were a mixture of Buddhism, Confucianism arid local practices.
--When French introduced Christianity here, the Vietnamese reacted sharply. As a result an early anti-Christianity movement,
Scholars Revolt broke out in 1868. This was led by the officials, at the imperial court angered by the spread of Christianity and
French power.
-The French suppressed this revolt but this uprising inspired the other patriots to rise up against them.
--The role of Hoa Hoa Movement led by Huynh – Phu – So in 1939 in Mekong delta region is also significant in the development of
anti-colonial movement In Vietnam.

Q.23 why is the economic strength of a country measured by the

development of manufacturing industries ? explain with examples.

(a) Manufacturing industries help in modernizing agriculture which forms the backbone of our
economy.
(b) It reduces the heavy dependence of people on agriculture sector and creates jobs in secondary and
tertiary sectors.
(c) It is necessary for the removal of unemployment and poverty.
(d) It brings down regional disparities.
(e) Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce and enhances prosperity.
(f) It brings much needed foreign exchange

Q.24 HOW DID NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT START WITH PARTICIPATION OF

MIDDLE CLASS PEOPLE IN THE CITIES ? EXPLAIN ITS IMPACT ON THE ECONOMIC FRONT.

OR
WHY WAS CONGRESS RELUCTANT TO ALLOW WOMEN TO HOLD ANY POSITION OF
AUTHORITY WITHIN THE ORGANIZATION ? HOW DID WOMEN PARTICIPATE IN CIVIL
DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT ? EXPLAIN.

The Non-Cooperation-Khilafat Movement was started by the Congress party in January 1921. Initially,
this movement started with middle class participation in the cities.
Thousands of students, teachers and lawyers gave up their institutions and profession and joined the
movement. This movement began in different cities across the country. The Non-Cooperation
Movement dramatically affected the economy of British India.
The economic effects of Non-Cooperation Movement were as follows
(i) As foreign goods and foreign clothes were boycotted, the import of foreign clothes halved between
1921 and 1922, and its value dropping from 102 crore to 57 crore rupees.
(ii) In many places, merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or invest in foreign
trade .
(iii) As people discarded imported clothes and started to use Indian clothes, production of Indian
textile mills and handlooms went up. In this way, the Non-Cooperation Movement helped boost the
Indian economy while it effected britisher's economy

OR

--Gandhiji was convinced that it was the duty of women to look after home, be good mothers and good wives.

--And for a long time the Congress was reluctant to allow women to hold any position of authority within the
organisation. It was keen only on their symbolic presence.

Another important feature of the Civil Disobedience Movement was the large-scale participation of women.

--During Gandhiji’s salt march, thousands of women came out of their homes to listen to him. They participated in
protest marches, manufactured salt, and picketed foreign cloth and liquor shops.

--Many went to jail. In urban areas these women were from high-caste families; in rural areas they came from rich
peasant households.

--Moved by Gandhiji’s call, they began to see service to the nation as a sacred duty of women.

Q.25 “the government of india has introduced various institutional and technological
reforms to improve agriculture in the 1980s and 1990s”. support this statement with
examples.

Or

Compare ‘intensive subsistence farming’ with that of ‘commercial farming’ practiced In

india.

Many technological and institutional reforms were introduced by the Government of India . Some of
the technological reforms in Indian agriculture are :

i.) The Green revolution brought HYV seeds, fertilisers, pesticides and insecticides etc.

ii.) The introduction of modern farm machineries to increase the productivity and decrease the time
and labour input.

iii.) The helpline numbers and agriculture programmes on T.V. and radio for farmers are there to
guide and help them in agriculture related activities.

iv.) Introduction of multiple cropping method, intensive farming and genetically improved seeds.
v.) The organic farming is the latest technological intervention in agriculture.

Various institutional reforms introduced by the government to increase the interest of the farmers
include :
i.) Zamindari system have been abolished so that more land can be distributed among the poor
farmers.
ii.) There has been consolidation of land holdings by combining small farms into larger ones and
insisting individual land owners to engage in cooperative farming.
iii.) Some land reform measures have been taken.
iv.) Certain schemes like the Crop Insurance have been introduced to provide financial assistance to
the farmers at the time of natural disasters, crop destruction by pests and diseases etc.
v.) Cooperative Societies and Grameen Banks have been introduced to provide loans to the farmers at
low interests for making investments in agriculture.

OR

Intensive subsistence farming :

i.) Practised in areas of high population pressure on land.

ii.) Modern machineries are used
iii.) Labour intensive farming
iv.) Artificial irrigation is used
v.) high doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation are used for obtaining higher production. Higher
doses of modern inputs, e.g. high yielding variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilizers, insecticides and
pesticides
--Commercial agriculture is large-scale production of crops for sale, intended for widespread
distribution to wholesalers or retail outlets. In commercial farming crops such as wheat, maize, tea,
coffee, sugarcane,cashew, rubber, banana, cotton are harvested and sold into world markets.
--Commercial farming is most commonly found in advanced industrialized nations. The harvested
crop may be processed on-site (or shipped to a processing facility belonging to the farm owners) and
then sold to a wholesaler as a complete product, or it may be sold as-is for further processing
elsewhere.

Q.26 mapwork--

(A) Two features a and b are marked on the given political outline map of India.
Identify these features with the help of the following information and write their correct
names on the lines marked near them:
(a) The place where the Indian National Congress Session was held.
(b) The place where Gandhiji organized 'Satyagraha' in favour of cotton mill workers.

(B) Locate and label the following with appropriate symbols on the same given outline
political map of India.
(i) Raja Sansi – International Airport
(ii) Bhadravati – Iron and Steel Plant
(iii) Software Technology Park of West Bengal