CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

Alemayehu gashaw and amanu lakachew [2] (2014) The general method
to produce biodiesel is transesterification of non edible oil with methanol in the
presence of either base or strong acid catalysts.transeterification reaction is quite
sensitive to various parameters. An ideal transesterification reaction differs on the
basis of variable such as fatty acid composition and the free fatty acid content of
the oil. Other variable include reaction temperature, ratio of alcohol to vegetable
oil, catalyst, mixing intensity, purity of reactants. This review paper describes the
fuel properties of biodiesel, production process(transeterification) and the most
importance variable that influence the trasesterification reaction.

Jolius Gimbun et al (2012) was selected the rubber seed oil for production
of biodiesel. Pre-calcinated limestone known as clinker was activated using
methanol and transesterification was performed under reflux with constant stirring.
The result showed an efficient conversion of (up to 96.9%) of high FFA rubber
seed oil to biodiesel. The result suggest that the catalyst employed in this work is
none negatively affected by moisture and free fatty acids and can be easily recycled
without significant loss in its activity.

Khandelwal Shikha and chauhan .Y.Rita (2012) gave an importance to the

sustainable production of renewable energy is being hotly debated globally. With
the increase in in global human population, more land may be needed to produce
food for human consumption. The high consumption of diesel fuels and limited
sources of the others are reason for an enormous rise in price of petroleum fuels.
There is a need to explore non-edible oils as alternative feed stock for the
production of biodiesel from no –edible oils like Karanja, Neem, Jatropha, Mahua,

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Soapnut etc. Extraction of the oil from these plants and its conversion to biodiesel
involves energy consumption at various stages starting from the plantations to the
end use in the compression ignition engine. Non-edible oils are easily available in
many parts of the world and are very cheap compared to edible oils. No-edible
plant oils have been found to be promising crude oils for the production of biodies

Mathiyazhagan, M. et al [1] (2011) Since studied most of the biodiesel

were derived from edible oil like soy bean, sunflower, rapeseed, palm etc. these oil
are essentially edible in india and other developing countries. On the other hand,
diversion of edible oils as feed stock for biodiesel production leads to food crisis.
Therefore this research mainly concentrates the non edible oil as feed stocks for
biodiesel production to reduce the cost of biodiesel. Normally alkali catalyzed
method was follower for biodiesel production process. However the non edible oils
having high FFT content which is not suitable for normal transeterification process.
Hence a two step catalyzed method was used to prepare the biodiesel.el.

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