First INTRODUCTION

Due to the growing interest in ecology and energy saving in the construction of buildings , straw daily

becomes more interesting material in the construction industry . The main advantages of straw as

Building materials are reproducibility , excellent thermal and sound insulation properties ,

mechanical stability , low cost , ease of construction inizak risk of fire . straw

still primarily viewed as an agricultural waste product and therefore the demand for

straw, much less than production . The price per bale of straw in Croatia roughly moving

between 3 and 10 kuna, which is also the most expensive option a lot cheaper than building brick walls
or

blocks .

1.2

Straw is a very healthy alternative to modern building materials because

which is a natural material and has no harmful effects or may cause allergies . air Quality

Punch in the straw essentially boljajerne can reach evaporation of hazardous chemicals such as

it is possible to use synthetic materials . Dimensions of baled straw make it easy and quick construction
without additional bonding

resources. The walls of baled straw are more than adequate to carry the typical cargo such as

the floors, roof and heavy snow loads on the roof. Laboratory and empirical research

proved to be baled straw can be used as material for the construction of load-bearing walls, not

only as insulation. The walls are made of straw are suitable for plastering, which breaks down to

easy way to protect against external influences and parasites.

Besides baled straw, jobs are still using building blocks made from extra

fragmented and compressed straw without chemical additives binders. Such building blocks

can be made in the form of blocks, slabs or different types profila.Pri elevated pressure and

temperature, with the addition of organic binders, there is a strong connection pieces of straw which

achieved exceptional mechanical properties of materials.

Due to the densely packed straw in blocks, slabs or bales, disabled access more

the amount of oxygen in the center of the material. Therefore straw is surprisingly resistant to fire. walls

made of straw are more resistant to fire than conventional wooden houses and a fire hazard to

additionally can be reduced by applying plaster to the straw walls.

Methods for determining thermal properties and implementation measurements will be detailed in

experimental section and the results of this work.

Second GENERAL

2.1 . resources straw

Due to the increasing public interest in straw as ecological building materials ,

Numerous studies have been made on the amount of straw that could be used in the

purpose . Straw is inedible stalks of various grains such as wheat , rice , rye , barley and oats .

Only in North America annually produces about 140 million tons of straw , and the

UK around 10 million tonnes . One-third of the total straw produced is usable for construction

house . Another third is produced straw podorava back into the ground as this country is aerated and

further enriched with nourishing organic ingredients , and the remainder is used in animal husbandry. In

prošlostise excess straw excavate the soil , which would upset the natural balance of the country

or even burned freeing large amounts of CO2 . Incineration of surplus straw is today

prohibited by law in most modern countries in the prevention of air pollution and

reduce the risk of fire .

Croatia also has great resources straw that can be used in the construction . In Croatia

2009th year , according to data from the Central Bureau of Statistics , wheat production increased by

three percent , while production of oats increased by two per cent compared to 2008. year . last

year produced 888,750 tons of wheat on an area of 197,500 hectares . production of oats

increased to 66,650 tons of the total sown area with its 21,500 acres . If you take that
the ratio of grain yield and straw equal

, Croatia last year produced about 477,700 tons

straw only by the cultivation of wheat and oats . When you add the cultivation of barley and rye , leads
to

figures of nearly one million tons of straw .

From these data we can roughly say that Croatia annually produces about 300,000 tons

straw that can be used as building material .

The straw is baled after harvest in baling machines , mostly in the large cylindrical bales or

in less balers . Machines for compressed straw bale and then wrap it with string ,

mesh or wire. Balers are standard wrap two or three times after which the warehouse . Thus obtained
bales after drying can be used as a building material , and can be

and further compressed in order to improve the mechanical properties .

2.2 . Methods of construction korištenjemslame

Houses of straw can be made to look like a completely built facilities

conventional materials . Straw can be used as thermal insulation filling , as

load-bearing wall and thermal insulation material or as a separate , additional pressed blocks, slabs
iprofili

special purpose . In the case where the straw is used as a filling , load-bearing structural elements

object are usually made of wood , reinforced concrete , but in some cases even the

metal .

This method provides a number of features construction tese it can build and vižeetažni

objects . After you make a carrier part of the building , with straw to fill the gaps and thereafter

Access plastering .
For this purpose, the most commonly used lime-based mortar , and where possible , clay plaster

represent an inexpensive and environmentally friendly alternative . Cement mortar is unsuitable for use
in

Combined with straw , because it prevents the passage of excess water vapor from inside the building

outwards . Moisture condensation in the walls can cause rotting straw and thus irreversibly

destroy walls . Humidity is not a problem if you use plaster that allows passage

moisture . In the case where the straw is used as a load-bearing wall and thermal insulation material ,
straw bales can be

stacked in columns or in the same way as a brick , but it does not add any binder . In some

building efforts between bales adding cement as a binder , but have thus

created thermal bridges , but did not improve the mechanical svojstva.Glavni problems in construction

straw is the rain that is reflected from the earth to the base of the walls and wind driven rain . for

it is based must be made so that the bales are separated from one country to

prevent the entry of moisture and the roof must be made so as to cover a larger area around
zidova.Obično

the first layer of bales lifted to at least 22.5 cm of soil and the leaves are 45 cm canopies for protection

walls from rain .

The first layer of bales must be adjusted slowly and carefully because it represents a pattern

which will develop walls . It is desirable to set up and waterproofing between the foundation and

walls made of straw . During storage and storage at the site , it is important to prevent wetting

center of the bundle because it will not be dry enough to be used in the construction . moistening

Foreign page bundle is usually not a problem .

Structural frames for doors firmly fastened to the foundation or base beams before laying

slame.Prozorski frames are built into the walls as they raise and nailing wedges through

window base or stranice.Područje around windows and doors is the most vulnerable to water
penetration and the
these places must specifically isolate waterproof materials . A mixture of straw and clay

can be used to fill holes left between the insulation and the walls of straw . such

sečesto mixture used in this type of construction because it is made from eco-friendly materials ,

good insulation and refuses nametnike.Za larger buildings quadrangular or rectangular shape with

supporting walls , is useful uporabitiprivremene angle beam to ensure the guiding

at which the vertical angles will .

Along the walls are made of wooden beams placed and they connect to

got a box that will set crossbeams ikrovište . The walls of the box and then connect

strips or wires to ensure rigidity and ravnoćazidova . Walls can be

consolidate and by driving stakes through the center of stacked bales , but connecting straps or wire

gives better results and is easier to use. On the frame is then usually placed beams

which will carry the roof or second floor .