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CHAPTER 1
Introduction to
Process Integration
Using Pinch Analysis
What is Pinch Technology?
A systematic technique for the optimal design and retrofit
(improvement) of process systems to achieve maximum
energy and resource efficiency (recovery)
Given
- A set of hot (surplus of heat) process streams (to be
cooled)
- A set of cold (deficit of heat) process streams (to be
heated)
Objective:
- To develop a network of heat recovery to achieve
minimum total cost
Pinch Design Target
Minimum heating requirement (usually steam rate)
Minimum cooling requirement (usually water flow
rate)
Minimum number of units (HE)
Minimum HE Network Area
Basic Concept of Process Design:
Interface of process-utility
Practical
Saves Energy
Saves Emissions
Saves Capital
Applies to New Design and Retrofit
Applies to Continuous and Batch
Applies to All Process Industries
Key concepts of heat exchanger
The heat transfer from one media to another is governed
by several basic rules:
Heat will always be transferred from a hot product to
a cold product
Must always be a temperature difference between the
products
The heat loss by the hot product is equal to the
amount of heat gained by the cold product, except for
energy losses to the surrounding area.
Heat Exchanger Schematic
Tai Tai
Tao Tao
Ttarget= 1300C
Tsupply = 2000C
A Cooler-Use Medium
Cooling Water
Given: Heat Capacity Flowrate, FCp (MW/K) = 1.0
Determine Enthalpy Change ΔH (MW).
Exercise: Heat Exchange between
Process Streams
Stream Stream Tsupply (0C) Ttarget (0C) FCp = CP ΔH (MW)
Number Type (MW/K)
1 Cold 40 130 2.0
2 Hot 200 50 1.0
A process to process
heat exchanger
Temperature-Enthalpy Diagram
• Temperature-Enthalpy diagrams can be used to determine heat
recovery potential
EXAMPLE :
A simple flowsheet with ONE hot stream and ONE cold stream
ΔTmin = 20OC