RUN OFF / WALK OFF

Aquí off se refiere a “hacia otro lado” o “hacia otra parte.” Se puede usar también
away.

She turned around and walked off. (Turn around, como acabo de mencionar, es “darse la
vuelta”).

The thief grabbed her bag and ran off.

The dog was scared and ran away.

Don’t fight with him. It’s not worth it. It’s better just to walk away.

También se puede usar “walk away” para dejar un trabajo.

She walked away from a good job to start her own business.

PUT OFF / CALL OFF

Put off = posponer.

Call off = cancelar.

Supongo que “put off” utiliza el significado de “apartar” algo aquí, en el sentido de ponerlo
más lejos en el tiempo. Es un poco abstracto, pero funciona.

If you keep putting it off, you’ll never finish.

They had to put off the meeting because the manager was late. Finally they started at 4
PM.

The baseball game was called off because of the rain.

Pedro had to call off his trip to Italy because he broke his leg the week before.

They called off the wedding. They’re not going to get married!

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In / Out
Los phrasal verbs con IN / INTO

Tanto in como into pueden expresar un movimiento hacia dentro. En inglés americano,
por lo menos, no hay mucha diferencia entre estas dos frases.

Put the beer in the fridge.

Put the beer into the fridge.

INTO

Into expresa mejor el movimiento hacia dentro, cuando la frase incluye también el
“destino.”

He walked into the house.

She got into the car.

They stood at the window and looked into the old building.

En cambio: It’s in the house / in the car / in the box etc describe la ubicación: dónde está
algo, no un movimiento.

Pero (como pasa en muchas ocasiones) hay una diferencia notable entre el inglés
“correcto” y el inglés que se habla de verdad. A veces se usa “in” para todo.

OUT

Out normalmente describe la acción de sacar algo o un movimiento hacia fuera. También
se usa para la acción de excluir algo.

Get out of here! = vete, lárgate (hacia fuera)

She took her wallet out of her bag. = sacar (también hacia fuera)

He was left out of the conversation. = excluido de la conversación

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COME IN

Come in = entrar.

Come in, please. Let me show you my new house.

Please take off your shoes when you come in.

Come in and sit down. I’d like to have a word with you. (have a word with someone =
hablar seriamente)

Come in es distinto de come on, que se usa para animar a alguien.

Come on! You’ll be fine, it’s just a scratch. (scratch = rasguño)

Come on, hurry up! We’re going to be late.

GO OUT

Go out puede ser varias cosas.

Salir de fiesta:

We’re going out to a disco on Friday. Do you want to come?

She spends all her money going out. When is she going to start saving?

In my free time, I like going out.

Salir de casa un tiempo:

He just went out to buy some bread. He’ll be back in a minute.

I’m going out to do the shopping. Do you need anything?

Salir “románticamente” con alguien:

He’s been going out with Maria for about 6 months.

They were going out for a long time. I’m surprised they broke up.

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ASK SOMEONE OUT

Ask someone out = invitar a alguien a salir. El out se usa con el mismo significado que en
go out.

I really like Anna, but I don’t know if I should ask her out. Does she have a boyfriend?

I wonder if Pedro is going to ask Maria out. She likes him a lot.

He asked me out, but I turned him down. I really don’t like him that much. (¿Te acuerdas
de turn down? Significa “rechazar”.)

If I asked Maria out, do you think she would say yes?

GET OUT OF HERE!

Como imperativo se usa get out. Significa “vete” o “lárgate.” Más adelante, veremos otra
opción, “go away!”

Get out of here! I never want to see you again!

The building is on fire… Everybody get out!

Cuando usamos get out sin imperativo, también puede ser como “hacer una escapada”
como “salir de la cárcel” o en general como “irse.”

If I have the money, I’ll try to get out of town for a couple of days later this month.

After 20 years, her brother got out of prison.

I’ve got a lot to do at the office today. I might not get out of there until around 8 PM.

GET IN(TO) / GET OUT

Para entrar y salir de un coche, se usa get in y get out.

Para otros medios de transporte, se usa get on y get off.

Get in the car! We have to go or we’ll be late.

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He got into the car and started the engine

She got out of the car and walked away.

Get in puede usarse de forma más general como “llegar”.

I hope the weather’s not too bad to drive. Be careful, and call me when you get in.

Her plane gets in at 11:30, so I’m going to go to the airport to pick her up now.

If you get into town before 9 PM, we can go out to dinner.

KEEP OUT / STAY OUT

Keep out y stay out son algo como “quedarse fuera” o “no entrar”

“Keep out” se ve especialmente por escrito.

Private property. Keep out.

Keep out. Danger of electric shock.

En conversación, usamos un poco más “stay out”.

Please stay out of my room. I don’t like it when people go in there.

You should stay out of other people’s business. It’s rude to ask all those questions.

Tell the kids to stay out of the kitchen. I don’t want them to bother me while I’m making
dinner.

PUT IN(TO) / TAKE OUT

Put in / put into = poner o colocar (dentro de algo)

Take out = sacar (fuera)

En español, decir “voy a sacarlo fuera” es redundante, pero en inglés el verbo take no
tiene la idea de una dirección. Así se usa “take out” para sacar.

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He put the butter into the fridge and took out some eggs.

I’m going to put this in my bag.

Could you put these clothes into the washing machine for me? I’ll take them out when they
finish.

He took out his credit card and gave it to the shop assistant.

I’m going to put all these photos in the box.

I’m going to take the dog out for a walk.

LEAVE OUT

Leave out significa “excluir” o “dejar fuera”.

This is the list of guests for the wedding. Is there anyone I’ve left out?

Here’s the report I’m working on. I hope I haven’t left out any important information.

Because of the arguments they had, he was left out of his father’s will. (will = testamento)

Para dejar algo fuera de casa, se usa leave outside.

Their dog must be freezing. I don’t know why they leave him outside in winter.

Just leave those boxes outside. I’ll bring them in later.

FIND OUT

Find out = enterarse, descubrir algo. En este caso el significado no es muy fácil de
adivinar usando el “out” pero es un phrasal verb bastante común.

Could you call the station and find out what time the train leaves?

When I found out she was lying, I was furious.

Hopefully our parents will never find out about this. They wouldn’t like it at all.

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I’ll find out how much the tickets cost, and then I’ll call you back.

WORK OUT

Work out tiene 3 significados distintos… Y ninguno es “trabajar fuera.”

Work out = calcular

I can’t work out how much I have to pay in taxes. It’s so complicated.

If you work out your monthly expenses, you can make a budget.

Work out = solucionar

“Work out” puede ser también llegar a una solución para un problema.

He tried to work out the problems with his wife, but in the end they separated.

I can’t work out how to use the new printer. Do you have any idea?

I know it looks difficult, but I’m sure we’ll be able to work it out.

Work out = hacer ejercicio

El otro significado de work out es “hacer ejercicio.” No se usa tanto para jugar al fútbol o
un deporte organizado, sino entrenar o hacer ejercicio en general.

He works out at the gym 3 times a week.

How often do you work out?

He wants to lose weight, so he’s started working out.

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