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Ha Noi - 2018
2
Contents
HOMC’s will find their contribitions, and hope that new comers in
2018-HOMC will be pleased for new cooperation. The proofreading
of this book is completed by the suggestions and comments from
Prof. Do Ngoc Diep, Prof. Nguyen Viet Hai, Dr. Dinh Sy Dai,
Mr. Do Minh Khoa, and Mr. Pham Dang Long. On this occa-
sion, we would like to express our special thanks for their fruitful
contributions.
The authors
Chapter 1
Important:
Answer to all 15 questions.
Write your answers on the answer sheets provided.
For the multiple choice questions, stick only the letters (A, B, C, D
or E) of your choice.
No calculator is allowed.
Question 1. What is the 7th term of the sequence {−1, 4, −2, 3, −3, 2, . . .}?
(A): -1; (B): -2; (C): -3; (D): -4; (E): None of the above.
Question 3. The sum of all even positive intergers less than 100
those are not divisible by 3 is
8 Chapter 1. Hanoi Open Mathematics Competition
(A): 938; (B): 940; (C): 1634; (D): 1638; (E): None of the
above.
Question 4. A regular hexagon and an equilateral √ triangle have
equal perimeter. If the area of the triangle is 4 3 square units, the
area of the hexagon is
√ √ √ √
(A): 5 3; (B): 6 3; (C): 7 3; (D): 8 3; (E): None of the
above.
Question 5. Let a, b, c and m (0 ≤ m ≤ 26) be integers such that
then m is
(A): 0; (B): 1; (C): 25; (D): 26; (E): None of the above.
Question 6. Let a, b, c ∈ [−1, 1] such that 1 + 2abc ≥ a2 + b2 + c2 .
Prove that
1 + 2a2 b2 c2 ≥ a4 + b4 + c4 .
Question 7. Solve equation
x4 = 2x2 + [x],
AD × BI × CH ≤ AC × BD × OK.
√
Prove that 1 + xy is a rational number.
Question 14. Determine all pairs of integers (x; y) such that
2xy 2 + x + y + 1 = x2 + 2y 2 + xy.
M = 4(a3 + b3 + c3 ) − (a4 + b4 + c4 ).
Important:
Answer to all 15 questions.
Write your answers on the answer sheets provided.
For the multiple choice questions, stick only the letters (A, B, C, D
or E) of your choice.
No calculator is allowed.
Question 1. If
2016 = 25 + 26 + · · · + 2m ,
10 Chapter 1. Hanoi Open Mathematics Competition
then m is equal to
n + s(n) = 2016,
1 1
(A): (B): (C): 2 (D): 1 (E): None of the above.
4 2
Important:
Answer to all 15 questions.
Write your answers on the answer sheets provided.
For the multiple choice questions, stick only the letters (A, B, C, D
or E) of your choice.
No calculator is allowed.
2x − y 2 = 1?
(A): 1099 (B): 2099 (C): 1199 (D): 2199 (E): None of the above.
Q = 22017 + 20172 .
x2 − 2ax + b = 0;
x2 − 2bx + c = 0;
x2 − 2cx + a = 0
Important:
Answer to all 15 questions.
Write your answers on the answer sheets provided.
For the multiple choice questions, stick only the letters (A, B, C, D
or E) of your choice.
No calculator is allowed.
Question 1. The sum of all even positive intergers less than 100
those are not divisible by 3 is
(A): 938; (B): 940; (C): 1634; (D): 1638; (E): None of the
above.
AD × BI × CH ≤ AC × BD × OK.
2xy 2 + x + y + 1 = x2 + 2y 2 + xy.
M = 4(a3 + b3 + c3 + d3 ) − (a4 + b4 + c4 + d4 ).
Important:
Answer to all 15 questions.
Write your answers on the answer sheets provided.
For the multiple choice questions, stick only the letters (A, B, C, D
or E) of your choice.
No calculator is allowed.
1.2 Senior section 17
1 1
(A): (B): (C): 2 (D): 1 (E): None of the above.
4 2
Question 4. In Zoo, a monkey becomes lucky if he eats three
different fruits. What is the largest number of monkeys one can
make lucky having 20 oranges, 30 bananas, 40 peaches and 50 tan-
gerines? Justify your answer.
from 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21. Prove that there are two elements of A for
which their difference equals to 3.
Question 13. Find all triples (a, b, c) of real numbers such that
|2a + b| ≥ 4 and
|ax2 + bx + c| ≤ 1 ∀x ∈ [−1, 1].
1.2 Senior section 19
Important:
Answer to all 15 questions.
Write your answers on the answer sheets provided.
For the multiple choice questions, stick only the letters (A, B, C, D
or E) of your choice.
No calculator is allowed.
2x − y 2 = 4?
is
(A): 0; (B): 1; (C): 2; (D): 8; (E): None of the above.
Question 4. Let a, b, c be three distinct positive numbers. Con-
sider the quadratic polynomial
c(x − a)(x − b) a(x − b)(x − c) b(x − c)(x − a)
P (x) = + + + 1.
(c − a)(c − b) (a − b)(a − c) (b − c)(b − a)
Question 12. Let (O) denote a circle with a chord AB, and let W
be the midpoint of the minor arc AB. Let C stand for an arbitrary
point on the major arc AB. The tangent to the circle (O) at C
meets the tangents at A and B at points X and Y, respectively.
The lines W X and W Y meet AB at points N and M , respectively.
Does the length of segment N M depend on position of C?
Question 13. Let ABC be a triangle. For some d > 0 let P stand
for a point inside the triangle such that
|AB| − |P B| ≥ d, and |AC| − |P C| ≥ d.
Is the following inequality true
|AM | − |P M | ≥ d,
22 Chapter 1. Hanoi Open Mathematics Competition
a) Is P divisible by 24?
b) Do there exist m, n ∈ N such that P is not divisible by 7?
(A): -1; (B): -2; (C): -3; (D): -4; (E) None of the above.
Solution. Let a1 = −1, a2 = 4, a3 = −2, a4 = 3, a5 = −3, a6 = 2
... Then
a2 − a1 = a4 − a3 = a6 − a5 = 5,..
a3 − a2 = a5 − a4 = −6.
Hence, a7 − a6 = −6 and a7 = −4.
Answer: D.
Question 3. The sum of all even positive intergers less than 100
those are not divisible by 3 is
(A): 938; (B): 940; (C): 1634; (D): 1638; (E) None of the
above.
Solution. We find the sum of all positive intergers less than 50
and subtract the sum of multiples of 3 between 0 and 50:
50 × 49 16 × 17
−3 = 1225 − 408 = 817.
2 2
Hence the sum of all even positive intergers less than 100 those are
not divisible by 3 is
2 × 817 = 1634.
Answer: C.
then m is
(A): 0; (B): 1; (C): 25; (D): 26; (E) None of the above.
Answer: A.
√ √
Consider the case x2 ≤ 2, then − 2 ≤ x ≤ 2 and [x] ≤ 0. It
follows [x] ∈ {−1; 0} .
If [x] = 0, then from (2.2) we find x = 0 as a solution.
If [x] = −1, then from (2.2) we find x = −1 as a solution.
Now we suppose that x2 > 2. It follows from (2.2), [x] > 0 and
√ [x] 1
then x > 2. Hence x2 (x2 − 2) = ≤ 1 and x2 − 2 ≤ < 1,
√ √ √ x x
then x < 3 and 2 < x < 3. p √
It means that [x] = 1 and then x = 1 + 2 is a solution of
the equation.
Question 8. Solve the equation
(2015x − 2014)3 = 8(x − 1)3 + (2013x − 2012)3 . (2.3)
a ≥ b ≥ c > 0,
or
a ≥ c ≥ b > 0.
Hence,
This implies
a3 + b3 + c3 ≥ a2 b + b2 c + c2 a. (2.6)
Due to the facts that
1 n1 1 1o
= max , , ,
c a b c
and
1 n1 1 1o
= max , , ,
b a b c
we deduce
1 1 1 1 1 1
3
+ 3+ 3 ≥ 2 + 2 + 2 .
c b a cb ba ac
By abc = 1, this can be written as
b2 + ab = a2 + ab = a2 + b2 ⇔ a = b.
It means that the given triangle with the desired property is the
isosceles right triangle. Therefore,
1
ab = 9,
2
and √
a = b = 3 2, c = 6.
AD × BI × CH ≤ AC × BD × OK.
Hence
1 1 1 1 1
− < < +
3 7 hc 3 7
4 1 10
⇔ < <
21 hc 21
20 20 20
⇔ < <
105 20hc 42
⇔ 105 > 20hc > 42
Since hc ∈ N∗ , we direive hc ∈ {3, 4, 5}.
2xy 2 + x + y + 1 = x2 + 2y 2 + xy.
Solution. We have
2xy 2 + x + y + 1 = x2 + 2y 2 + xy;
2y 2 (x − 1) − y(x − 1) − x(x − 1) = −1;
(x − 1)(2y 2 − y − x) = −1.
Then, either (
x=2
y = 1,
or
x = 2
1
y = − (absurd).
2
Case 2. We have
(
x − 1 = −1
2y 2 − y − x = 1.
Equivalently, either (
x=0
y = 1,
or
x = 0
1
y = − (absurd).
2
32 Chapter 2. Answers and Solutions
We deduce that all integer pairs (x; y) are (2; 1); (0 ; 1).
M = 4(a3 + b3 + c3 ) − (a4 + b4 + c4 ).
The equality holds for (a, b, c) = (2, 2, 0), (2, 0, 2), (0, 2, 2). Hence,
max M = 32.
Question 1. If
2016 = 25 + 26 + · · · + 2m ,
then m is equal to
Anwser. (C).
n + s(n) = 2016,
1 1
(A): (B): (C): 2 (D): 1 (E): None of the above.
4 2
Anwser. (D).
Solution. We have
a3 + b3 ≤ a + b ⇔ a2 + b2 − ab ≤ 1.
Anwser. (D).
Equivalently,
(x − a) x2 + xa + a2 = x2 + 2ax + a2 + 34;
(2.10)
(x − a − 1) x2 + xa + a2 = xa + 34.
x2 + 2ax + a2 + 34 ≥ 2 x2 + xa + a2 ⇔ x2 + a2 ≤ 34.
and
Hence
Question 11. Let be given a triangle ABC and let I be the middle
point of BC. The straight line d passing I intersects AB, AC at M,
N , respectively. The straight line d0 (6≡ d) passing I intersects
AB, AC at Q and P , respectively. Suppose M, P are on the same
side of BC and M P, N Q intersect BC at E and F, respectively.
Prove that IE = IF.
EB FC
Solution. Since IB = IC then it is enough to show = .
EC FB
By Menelaus theorem:
- For ∆ABC and three points E, M, P, we have
EB P C MA
× × = 1.
EC P A MB
It follws
EB P A MB
= × . (2.11)
EC PC MA
- For ∆ABC and three points F, N, Q, we have
FC QB N A
× × = 1.
FB QA N C
This implies
FC NC QA
= × . (2.12)
FB N A QB
38 Chapter 2. Answers and Solutions
M B N A IC
× × = 1.
M A N C IB
Compare with IB = IC we find
MB NC
= . (2.13)
MA NA
P A IC QB
× × = 1.
P C IB QA
Hence,
PA QA
= . (2.14)
PC QB
Equalities (2.11), (2.12), (2.13), and (2.14), toghether imply IE =
IF.
Similarly,
HE F H
4EHA v 4HF B, or = . (2.16)
HA F B
HE FC
Thanks to (2.15) and (2.16) we obtain = . Therefore,
HD FB
H is midpoint of the segment DE iff F is midpoint of the segment
BC.
2015a2 + a = 2016b2 + b,
we find a ≥ b.
√
If a = b, then a = b = 0 and a − b = 0.
If a > b, we have
b2 = 2015(a2 − b2 ) + (a − b);
We derive
f (2013) = 2(2013a + b) + 2014,
and
f (2016) = 2(2016a + b) + 2017.
Therefore,
2x − y 2 = 1?
Question 4. Put
Solution. We have
201
22017 = 27 × 210 = 128 × 1024201
≡ 128 × (−1)201 = −128 ≡ 22 (mod 25);
20172 ≡ 14 (mod 25).
P ≡ 11 (mod
It follows 25), by which two last digits of P are in
the set 11, 36, 61, 86 . In other side, P ≡ 1 (mod 4). This implies
P ≡ 61 (mod 100). Thus, the number 61 subjects to the question.
which is impossible.
X = B ∩ C; Y = A ∩ C; Z = A ∩ B.
It follows
X + Y ≤ C; Y + Z ≤ A; Z + X ≤ B.
46 Chapter 2. Answers and Solutions
1
A+B+C−X −Y −Z ≥ A+B+C− (X +Y )+(Y +Z)+(Z+X)
2
1 D+E
≥ (A + B + C) = 1 − ≥ 1 − D.
2 2
Thus, D can cover the remained part of S.
x2 − 2ax + b = 0; (2.17)
x2 − 2bx + c = 0; (2.18)
x2 − 2cx + a = 0 (2.19)
k + 1, k + 2, . . . , k + 2017
k, k + 1, . . . , k + 2016,
then the numbers of primes in the latter and former sequences are
either equal, more or less by 1. In what follows, we say such change
a back-shift with 1-step. First moment, we consider the sequence of
2017 consecutive integers:
1, 2, 3, 4, . . . , 2017.
48 Chapter 2. Answers and Solutions
The last sequence has 306 primes, while the first sequence has no
prime. Reminding the above remark we conclude that there is a
moment in which the sequence contains exactly 17 primes.
Solution. Put
b+c−a c+a−b a+b−c
x := , y := , z := .
2 2 2
Then x, y, z > 0, and
a+b+c
x+y+z = = 6, a = y + z, b = z + x, c = x + y.
2
We have
y + z 4(z + x) 9(x + y)
M= + +
2x 2y 2z
1 y 4x z 9x 4z 9y
= + + + + +
2 x y x z y z
r r r !
1 y 4x z 9x 4z 9y
≥ 2 . +2 . +2 . = 11.
2 x y x z x z
Question 1. The sum of all even positive intergers less than 100
those are not divisible by 3 is
(A): 938; (B): 940; (C): 1634; (D): 1638; (E): None of the
above.
Solution. We find the sum of all positive intergers less than 50
and subtract the sum of multiples of 3 between 0 and 50:
50 × 49 16 × 17
−3 = 1225 − 408 = 817.
2 2
Hence the sum of all even positive intergers less than 100 those are
2.2 Senior section 51
not divisible by 3 is
2 × 817 = 1634.
Answer: C.
is
(A): -1; (B): -2; (C): 0; (D): 1; (E): None of the above.
Solution. From the identity
then m is
(A): 0; (B): 1; (C): 25; (D): 26; (E): None of the above.
Solution. - If a, b, c have three different remainder terms modulo
3 then a+b+c is divisible by 3 but a−b, b−c, c−a are not divisible
by 3.
- If a, b, c have two different remainder terms modulo 3 then a +
b+c is not divisible by 3 but one of three differences a−b, b−c, c−a
are divisible by 3. It follows the product (a − b)(b − c)(c − a) is
divisble by 3.
- Hence, three numbers a, b, c have the same remainder terms,
i.e. a = 3p + s, b = 3q + s, c = 3r + s with s ∈ {0, 1, 2}, p, q, r are
natural numbers.
Hence, a − b = 3(p − q), b − c = 3(q − r), c − a = 3(r − p) and
then (a − b)(b − c)(c − a) = 0 (mod 27).
Answer: A.
(2.21) ⇔ [x] = x2 x2 − 2
√ √
Consider the case x2 ≤ 2, then − 2 ≤ x ≤ 2 and [x] ≤ 0. It
follows [x] ∈ {−1; 0} .
If [x] = 0, then from (2.21) we find x = 0 as a solution.
If [x] = −1, then from (2.21) we find x = −1 as a solution.
Now we suppose that x2 > 2. It follows from (2.21), [x] > 0 and
√ [x] 1
then x > 2. Hence x2 (x2 − 2) = ≤ 1 and x2 − 2 ≤ < 1. It
√ √ √ x x
follows x < 3, i.e. 2 < x < 3.
p √
It means that [x] = 1 and then x = 1 + 2 is a solution of
the equation.
Question 8. Solve the equation
Hence
a3 + b3 + c3 ≥ a2 b + b2 c + c2 a. (2.25)
Since
1 n1 1 1o
= max , , ,
c a b c
and
1 n1 1 1o
= max , , ,
b a b c
we have
1 1 1 1 1 1
3
+ 3+ 3 ≥ 2 + 2 + 2 .
c b a cb ba ac
By abc = 1, this can be written as
(ab)3 + (bc)3 + (ca)3 ≥ a2 b + b2 c + c2 a. (2.26)
(2.25) and (2.26) together imply the proposed inequality.
AD × BI × CH ≤ AC × BD × OK.
BI × AD AE × BD
SABD = = .
2 2
Then BI × AD = AE × BD. It follows
BI × AD ≤ AO × BD (AE ≤ AO),
and
AO
BI.AD ≤ AC × BD × .
AC
Moreover, we have OK k CH, then
AO OK
= ,
AC CH
and
OK
BI × AD ≤ AC × BD × .
CH
Therefore,
BI × AD × CH ≤ AC × BD × OK.
In ∆DAC we see M E k AC so
ME DM
= (2.27)
AC AD
In ∆DAK we see M B k AK so
MB DM
= . (2.28)
AK AD
ME MB
From (2.27) and (2.28), we get = . This and equality
AC AK
M B = M E together imply
CK
AK = AC = AB and then BA = .
2
CK
Note that BA is a median line ∆BKC and BA = then
2
∆BKC is a right triangle at B. Hence BD⊥BC.
an+2 = −man+1 + an ∀n ∈ N.
2xy 2 + x + y + 1 = x2 + 2y 2 + xy.
Solution. We have
2xy 2 + x + y + 1 = x2 + 2y 2 + xy
⇔ 2y 2 (x − 1) − y(x − 1) − x(x − 1) = −1
⇔ (x − 1)(2y 2 − y − x) = −1
Equivalently, either (
x=2
y = 1,
or
x = 2
1
y = − (absurd)
2
- Case 2. We have
(
x − 1 = −1
2y 2 − y − x = 1.
a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 ≤ 12.
M = 4(a3 + b3 + c3 + d3 ) − (a4 + b4 + c4 + d4 ).
(4a3 −a4 )+(4b3 −b4 )+(4c3 −c4 )+(4d3 −d4 ) ≤ 4(a2 +b2 +c2 +d2 ) = 48,
Anwser. (B).
Digit 1 2 3 4
1 12 121 1212
2 21 123 1232
3 23 212 2121
32 232 2123
.
321 2321
323 2323
3212
P 3232
3 4 6 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2 2 4 4 8 8 16 16 32 32 .
1 2 2 4 4 8 8 16 16 32
Answer: 64.
Anwser. (A).
1 1
(A): (B): (C): 2 (D): 1 (E): None of the above.
4 2
Anwser. (D).
Solution. We have
ab(a2 − b2 )2 ≥ 0
⇔ 2a3 b3 ≤ ab5 + a5 b
⇔ (a3 + b3 )2 ≤ (a + b)(a5 + b5 ).
Combining this and the fact that a3 + b3 = a5 + b5 , we find
a3 + b3 ≤ a + b ⇔ a2 + b2 − ab ≤ 1.
62 Chapter 2. Answers and Solutions
Anwser. (D).
{1, 2, 3, . . . , 106},
105 ≥ a6 −a1 = (a6 −a5 )+(a5 −a4 )+(a4 −a3 )+(a3 −a2 )+(a2 −a1 ),
12
That follows a = b = c = 1 and abc = 1 = .
13
If t = 1. Without loss of generality, assume that c > 0;
m1 m2 m3
a= ;b = ;c = ; d = |n1 n2 n3 | .
n1 n2 n3
Put
x = ad
y = bd
z = cd.
It follows
xy + yz + zx = 0 ⇔ (z + x) (z + y) = z 2 = c2 d2 .
Equivalently,
[pq(p − q)]2
abc = − .
(p2 + q 2 − pq)3
We shall prove that (pq(p − q); p2 + q 2 − pq) = 1.
Suppose s = (pq (p − q) ; p2 + q 2 − pq) ; s > 1 then s|pq (p − q) .
Case 1. Let s|p. Since s| (p2 + q 2 − pq) then s|q and s = 1 (not
suitable).
Case 2. Let s|q. Similarly, we find s = 1 (not suitable).
66 Chapter 2. Answers and Solutions
2 2 2
Case 3. If s| (p − q) then s|(p − q) − (p + q − pq) ⇒ s|pq
s|p
⇒ (not suitable).
s|q
If t = 2 then a + b + c = a2 + b2 + c2 = 2.
We reduce it to the case where t = 1, which was to be proved.
2015a2 + a = 2016b2 + b.
we find a ≥ b.
√
If a = b, then a = b = 0 and a − b = 0.
If a > b, we have
IL CL
Since CI is bisector of ∠ACL, we get = . Furthermore,
AI AC
1
∠DCL = ∠DCB = ∠DAB = ∠CAD = ∠BAC. Hence, the
2
CL DC
triangles DCL and DCA are similar. Therefore, = .
AC AD
Finally, we have ∠DIC = ∠IAC + ∠ICA = ∠ICL + ∠LCD =
DC
∠ICD. It follows DIC is a isosceles triangle at D. Hence =
AD
ID
.
AD
Summarizing all these equalities, we get
TF IL CL DC ID
= = = = ,
AT AI AC AD AD
68 Chapter 2. Answers and Solutions
or
TF ID
= , and T F.AD = ID.AT,
AT AD
as desired.
BE AB
Similarly, 4ABE v 4ACO, so = (2)
CO AC
From (1) and (2), we deduce that
OB BE OB CD
= ⇒ =
CD OC BE OC
Hence
OE OD
= ,
BE OC
ON OP
= ,
BE OC
ON ON OP OP
= = = .
NB BE − N O OC − OP CP
It follows, if N P intersects BC at M, then
MB P C NO
· · =1
MC P O NB
MB
(by Menelaus’ Theorem in triangle OBC) conclusion = 1, it
MC
follows N P passes through M is midpoint of BC.
Question 13. Find all triples (a, b, c) of real numbers such that
|2a + b| ≥ 4 and
Equivalently,
1
a = [f (1) + f (−1)] − f (0)
2
1
b = [f (1) − f (−1)]
2
c = f (0)
70 Chapter 2. Answers and Solutions
That follows
1
4 ≤ |2a + b| = [f (1) + f (−1)] − 2f (0) + [f (1) − f (−1)]
2
3 1
= f (1) + f (−1) − 2f (0)
2 2
3 1 3 1
≤ |f (1)| + |f (−1)| + 2|f (0)| ≤ + + 2 = 4.
2 2 2 2
Hence |2a + b| = 4. Therefore,
|f (1)| = |a + b + c| = 1
|f (−1)| = |a − b + c| = 1
|f (0)| = |c| = 1.
Equivalently,
(a, b, c) = (2, 0, −1)
(a, b, c) = (−2, 0, 1)
It is easely seen that both two triples (2, 0, −1) and (−2, 0, 1) satisfy
the required conditions.
Equivalently,
5a − 3b = 0
4a − 3c = 0
4b − 5c = 0
18ab + 9ca + 29bc = 1,
and (
a = 3t, b = 5t, c = 4t
(18 × 15 + 9 × 12 + 29 × 20)t2 = 1.
We thus have
±3 ±5 ±4
a= √ , b= √ , c= √ .
958 958 958
72 Chapter 2. Answers and Solutions
2x − y 2 = 4?
.
Solution. By the assumption we have x2 + y 2 .. 11. One can prove
. .
that x .. 11 and y .. 11. Due to limitted space we left the proof
74 Chapter 2. Answers and Solutions
y + z 4(z + x) 9(x + y)
M= + +
2x 2y 2z
1 y 4x z 9x 4z 9y
= + + + + +
2 x y x z y z
r r r !
1 y 4x z 9x 4z 9y
≥ 2 . +2 . +2 . = 11.
2 x y x z y z
Equivelently,
y = 2x
z = 3x
2z = 3y.
then
P AB − P AC = P BC − P CB .
[ [ \ \
and
\ \ \0
P BC − P CB B0P 0.
= P BP = P\
We will prove that
P
\ AP 0 ≥ P\
B0P 0. (∗)
Indeed, consider the circumscribed circle (O) of the equilateral tri-
angle AM N. Since
M
\ B0N = M
\ BN ≤ M
\ BC = M
\ AN = 600 ,
B 0 is outside (O). Consider the circumscribed circle (O0 ) of the
equilateral triangle AP P 0 . It is easy to see that (O0 ) inside (O), by
which B 0 is outside (O0 ). Hence, P \AP 0 ≥ P\ B 0 P 0 . The inequality
(*) is proved.
Question 12. Let (O) denote a circle with a chord AB, and let W
be the midpoint of the minor arc AB. Let C stand for an arbitrary
point on the major arc AB. The tangent to the circle (O) at C
meets the tangents at A and B at points X and Y, respectively.
The lines W X and W Y meet AB at points N and M , respectively.
Does the length of segment N M depend on position of C?
|AM | − |P M | ≥ d,
|AM | + |P B| ≥ |AB| + |P M |,
that follows
|AM | − |P M | ≥ |AB| − |P B| ≥ d.
a) Is P divisible by 24?
2.2 Senior section 79
Solution. We have