Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Plagiarism
VJRElla | ENG 10 | January 31, 2018
Today’s Topics for
Discussion
Murray, 2011
Criminal
Insult
Not an option
Reference
List
Citing Definition
sources
Within the
Avoiding
text Plagiarism
Borrowing
Précis information
Types of
Plagiarism
Direct Quote Paraphrase
Credit: Showeet
Plagiarism defined
“An object (language, words, text, diagram,
graphs, ideas) which has been taken from
a source (books, journals, internet, not just
text) by an agent (person, student,
academic) without adequate
acknowledgement and with or without
intention to deceive.”
Murray, 2011
What kind of
information must
be cited?
What is common
knowledge?
Klein, 2012
Common Knowledge
¡ “Information that most people
know, such as that
Klein, 2012
Ask yourself the following
Klein, 2012
More examples—
It’s all about your audience
Information Cite Don’t cite
Common Knowledge!
Klein, 2012
Common Knowledge:
Yes or No?
Citation depends on
the audience Klein, 2012
What is not Common
Knowledge?
¡ “Datasets generated by you or
others.”
¡ “Statistics from sources such as the
US Census Bureau and the Bureau
of Labor Statistics.”
¡ “References to studies done by
others.”
¡ “Reference to specific dates,
numbers, or facts the reader would
not know unless s/he had done the
research.” Klein, 2012
When in doubt,
cite your sources.
10 Types of
Plagiarism
WriteCheckVideos, 2012
Borrowing
information
• Quoting
• Paraphrasing
• Précis-writing
When to quote, paraphrase,
or summarize
Turabian, 2013
When to quote, paraphrase,
or summarize
Quote for these purposes:
¡ “You need the words exactly as they appeared in the
original”
¡ “The words are strikingly original, well-expressed,
odd, or otherwise too useful to lose in [a]
paraphrase”
¡ “The passage states a view that you disagree with,
and to be fair you want to state it exactly”
¡ “The passage is from an authority who backs up your
view”
Turabian, 2013
Integrate quotations into
your text
1. “Drop in the quotation as an independent sentence
or passage, introduced with a few explanatory
words. But avoid introducing all of your [quotations]
with just a [sic.] says, states, claims, and so on”:
Turabian, 2013
Punctuations, Omissions,
and Interpolation
¡ Punctuations
¡ “What does Hamlet mean when he tells the players ‘to hold as
‘twere the mirror up to nature’? Hamlet asks himself, ‘Am I a
coward?’ ”
¡ Omissions
1. Internal Omission
2. Omission at the beginning of a sentence
3. Omission at the end of a sentence
4. Omission of a whole sentence
¡ Interpolation
1. Clarifying original source
2. Correcting errors
3. Clarifying pronoun reference
“This [“The Three Languages”] is the story of an
adolescent whose needs are not understood by his
father.”
Campbell, Ballou, & Slade, 1990
Summaries: 3 Principal
Requirements
¡ “It should offer a balanced coverage of the
original. (There is a tendency to devote more
coverage to the earlier parts of the source
text.)”
¡ “It should present the source material in a
neutral fashion.”
¡ “It should condense the source material and
be presented in the summary writer's own
words.”
Swales & Feak, 2004
Steps in writing a summary
1. “Skim the text, noting in your mind the
subheadings. If there are no subheadings, try
to divide the text into sections. Consider why
you have been assigned the text. Try to
determine what type of text you are dealing
with. This can help you identify important
information.”