, : 94406 16425

D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.

I Form II Form III Form Meaning

861. Bid bad bidden "Í•O‡•@‡•_È°@

862. Bleed bled bled ~¡H›ë=òHê~¡°@
863. Burst burst burst „¬Q®°•°@, z@°Á@
864. Dwell dwelt dwelt Hꄬô~¡=òO_È°@
865. Flee fled fled ‡•i‡é=ô@
866. Forbid forbade forbidden xÀ+k•OKÇ°@
867. Lay laid laid Ì„@°“@
868. Lean leant leant P#°Hù#°@
869. Lie lay lain „¬_•=ôO_È°@
870. Sew sewed sewn 䛽@°“@
871. Shed shed shed ~Œ•°ó@
872. Shrink shrank shrunk =ò_È°`Ç•°„¬_È°@
873. Slay slew slain KÇO„¬ô@
874. Smite smote smitten ƒì^ΰ@
875. Spring sprang sprung Ì„áH÷…èKÇ°@
876. Stride strode stridden JOQ®•°"͆Çò@
877. Tread trod trodden ã`ù䛽ø@
878. Undertake undertook undertaken „¬î#°H›ù#°@
879. Wring wrung wrung #°•°„¬ô@, „²O_È°@
880. Withhold withheld withheld xe„²"͆Çò@

D ~ËA Spoken English lesson …Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,
ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i D 3 parts KÇ^=Î O_•!
g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
420 Merit is wealthier than fame.
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REPORTED SPEECH
XH› q+¬†Ç°=ò#° Q®°iOz KǶ‹²Qêx, qxQêh, `³e‹²HùxQêx q=~¡} WKÇ°ó@#°
Report JO^ΰ~¡°. D q^•Î=òQê XH› q+¬†°Ç =ò Q®°iOz q=~¡} WKÇ°ó "Œix Reporters
JO\ì~¡°. WH› Grammar …Õ XH›~¡° K³„²æ# q+¬†Ç°=ò#° =°~¡• J~¡Ö=ò =¶~¡ä›½O_¨ XH›~¡°
"Í~ùH›iH÷ K³„¬C@#° 'Reported Speech Ñ JO\ì~¡°. J#Qê XH›~¡° Direct Qê K³„²æ# =¶@•#°
"Œ~¡° "Í~ùH›iH÷ `³e†Ç°„¬~¡KÇ_ÈO.
`ÇÞ~¡…Õ D.S.C. <Ë\÷„Hö²¦ +¬<£ q_È°^Ε Kͪ•ë=°x =òY¼=°Oãu q…èY~¡°•ä›½ K³„æ² <Œ~¡°.
=òY¼=°Oãu Direct Qê q…èY~¡°•ä›½ K³„²æ# =¶@•° =°~¡• =°#䛽 q…èY~¡°• ^¥Þ~ŒQêx, …èH›
"Í~ùH›i ^¥Þ~Œ Qêx `³e†Ç°„¬~¡KÇ@O Reported Speech.
IMPORTANT POINTS :

1. Report speech …Õ "ŒH›¼=ò…Õ ~ï O_È° ƒ•ìQê•° (ï~O_È° clauses) LO\ì~ò. "³ò^Î\÷

ƒ•ìQ®=ò Main clause JO\ì=ò.
1. The chief- minister told the newsmen ...................

2. She told me ....................

3. They informed us ...............

4. My father asked me ...............

D clause •…Õx Verbs #° Reporting Verbs' JO\ì~¡°. D Verbs ^¥^¥„¬ôQê Z䛽ø=

Qê Past Tense …Õ<Í LO\ì~ò.
Present, Future Tense •…Õ ä›•_¨ LO_È=KÇ°ó.
EX : He tells me....

She says ....

They will say ....

Reported Speech …Õx ~ï O_È°= ƒ•ìQ®=ò#° Sub-ordinate Clauce JO\ì~¡°.

D Main Clause =°i†Çò Sub-ordinate Clause •#° H›•°„¬ôKǶ 'that' 'if' 'whether'
"³òII•Q®° conjunctions =ª•ë~ò.
Main clause …Õx Reporting verb Past - Tense …Õ =ôO>è Sub-ordinate Clause
…Õx Verb 䛕_¨ "ŒH›¼=ò#° |\÷“ Past Tense …Õ<Í LO_È=…ÿ#°.

421
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Reported Speech Structure D q^•ÎOQê =ôO@°Ok.

1. Main clause

Subject + Reporting Verb + Object

2. Conjunction

"ŒH›¼=ò#° |\÷“ 'that' Qêx 'If' 'whether' Qêh

3. Sub-ordinate Clause

Subject + Verb + q°ye# "ŒH›¼=ò

1. He told me / that / he was busy.

2. She imformed us / that / she had passed the test.

3. She asked me / if / I could secure a rank.

D notes …Õ Reported Speech Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form •ä›½
q=~¡OQê notes W=Þ|_•#k.

422
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POSITIVE FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ K͆°Ç ƒÕ=ô „¬xx Q®°iOz
=òO^ΰQê K³„²æ#@°ÁQê ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò. P „¬xx ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°ë…Õ K͆Çò^ΰ=ò. Hêx
=òO^ΰQê "Í~ùH›iH÷ P „¬xx K͆Çò@#° Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò. nx<Í Reported
Speech JO^ΰ~¡°.
J Next Sunday Ongole =ª•ë#x =¶ brother <Œä›½ inform K͉§_È°.
J Next month P W•°Á Mìm Kͪ•ë=°x "Œ~¡° =¶ä›½ K³‡•æ~¡°.
J Next week computer course join J=ô`Œ#x P"³° <Œä›½ K³„²æ#k.
J `ÇÞ~¡…Õ <³•¶Á~¡°ä›½ family shift Kͪ•ë=°x "Œ~¡° =¶ä›½ K³‡•æ~¡°.
„
Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õ K͆°Ç ƒÕ=ô „¬#°• Q®°iOz =òO^ΰQê XH›~°¡ "Í~ùH›iH÷ K³„C¬ @#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê ƒ•’q+¬¼`Ç°…ë Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ K͆°Ç ƒÕ=ô XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz XH›~°¡ WOHùH›iH÷
=òO^ΰQê<Í K³„¬ôæ@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Would/Could/might+ I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx K͆ǰƒÕ=ô P„¬x definite action J~ò#KË 'Would' =KÇ°ó#°.

K͆ǰƒÕ=ô P „¬x ability J~ò#KË 'Could' =KÇ°ó#°. K͆ǰƒÕ=ô P „¬x doubtful J~ò#KË
'Might' =KÇ°ó#°. D "ŒH›¼O…Õ ~
ï O_È° ƒ•ìQ®=ò•° LO_È°#°. ~ï O_È= clause …Õ that J#°
conjunction =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. ö~„¬ô class …Õ new lesson teach Kͪ•ë#x
=¶ WOwÁ+¹ …ÿHó~› ~¡ Ÿ K³‡•æ~°¡ .
Our English lecturer said that he
would teach the new lesson in the
class tomorrow.
2. D q+¬†Ç°O…Õ `Ç„¬æH› ‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°O K͆ǰ
Q®•#x =¶ friend <Œä›½ =¶@ WKŒó_È°.
My friend promised me that he could
help me in that matter.
3. D ª•i †Çüx=i•\© „¬sH›•Æ ° "Œ~ò^¥
"͆ǰ=KÇ°ó#x =¶ Principal x#ß =¶ä›½
K³„²æ<Œ~¡°.
Our Principal told us yesterday that the
university might postpone the
examinations this time.
4. ~Œã+¬“O…Õ h\÷ ‹¬=°‹¬¼#° `ÇÞ~¡…Õ „¬i+¬ø
iOKÇQ®•=°x =òY¼=°Oãu x#ß JÌ‹OcÁ…Õ
ㄬH›\÷Oz<Œ~¡°.
423
The Chief-Minister announced in the
assembly yesterday that they could
solve the water problem in the state
soon.
5. `ÇÞ~¡…Õ XOQË•°…Õ =¶~¡¾^ÎiÅ z\˜„¦¬O_£
branch open Kͪ•ë=°x P ‹¬O‹¬Ö G.M.
K³‡•æ~°¡ .
The G.M. said that they would open
the branch of Margadarsi Chit fund in
Ongole soon.
6. D ª•i match `Ç„¬æH› ïQ•°=Q®•=°x
cricket team captain Dravid x#ß
q…èY~¡°•`Ë K³‡•æ~°¡ .
The Cricket team captian Dravid told
the newsmen yesterday that they
could win the match this time.

9. =KÍó summer holidays g°~¡° ZH›ø_È
Q®_°È „¬ô`Œ~¡x P"³° =°=°àeß J_•y#k.
She asked us where we would spend
the next summer holidays.
10. Next U course join J=ô`Œ=x <Í # °
J`Çxx J_•Qê#°.
I asked him which course he would
join next.
11. D problem Z…ì solve K͆ǰQ®•~¡x
"Í°=ò "Œix J_•y<Œ=ò.
We asked them how they could solve
that problem.
12. ö~„¬ô marriage …Õ bride H›÷ Uq° present
Kͪ•ë=x J`Ç_°È ##°ß J_•y<Œ_È°.
He asked me what I would present
to the bride in the marriage tomorrow.
13. ö~„¬ô interview H÷ ZO`Ç=°Ok candidates
attend J=ô`Œ~¡ x <Í # ° clerk x
J_•y<Œ#°.
I asked the clerk howmany candidates
would attend the interview tomorrow.
14. business …Õ ZO`Ç amount invest
K͆°Ç Q®•~¡x "Í°=ò "Œix J_•y<Œ=ò.
We asked them how much amount
they could invest in the business.
15. future …Õ ZH›ø_È settle J=ô`Œ~¡x "Í°=ò
"Œix J_•y<Œ=ò.
We asked them where they would
settle down in future.
16. ö ~ „¬ ô match …Õ ZO`Ç = °Ok bowlers
P_È`Œ~¡x q…èY~¡°Á captain #° J_•Qê~¡°.
The newsmen asked the captain
howmany bowlers would play in the
match tomorrow.
17. ï~O_È° ~ËA•…Õ D lessons Z…ì prepare
J=Q® • ~¡ ° Jx lecturer =°=òà•#°
J_•y<Œ~¡°.
The lecturer asked us how we could
prepare all these lessons within two
days.
Doing nothing is better than being busy doing nothing.
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: 94406 16425 .
EXERCISE
D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•°
"ŒH›English …ÕxH÷ translate
¼=ò•° English K͆°Ç O_•.
…ÕxH÷ translate
K͆°Ç O_•.
1. Next June …Õ M.A. Join J=ô`Œ"Œ Jx
=¶ brother ##°ß J_•Qê~¡°.
2. ~ö „¬ô time H÷ JH›ø_•H÷ KÍ~°¡ HËQ®•~Œ Jx <Í#°
"Œix J_•Qê#°.
3. =KÍó"Œ~¡O =¶`Ë tour H÷ ~Œ=KŒó J x "Œ~¡°
=°=òà•#° J_•Qê~¡°.
4. =KÍó "Í° …Õ g°~¡° business start Kͪ•ë~Œ
Jx "Œ~¡° =°=òà•#° J_•Qê~¡°.
5. JH›ø_È XO@iQê LO_ÈQ®•"Œ Jx =¶
parents ##°ß J_•Qê~¡°.
6. g°~¡° =KÍó ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O Nellore H÷ shift
J=ô`Œ~Œ Jx "Œ~¡° =°=òà•#° J_•Qê~¡°.
7. D „¬xx D "Œ~¡O =òyOKÇQ®•~Œ Jx
<Í#° "Œix J_•Qê#°.
8. ö~„¬ô farewell party celebrate Kͪ•ë~Œ Jx
<Í#° =¶ friends x J_•Qê#°.
9. computer course Z„¬C_È° „¬îië Kͪ•ë=x
"Œ~¡° ##°ß J_•Qê~¡°.
10. New house …ÕH÷÷ Z„¬C_È° shift J=ô`Œ~¡x
<Í#° "Œix J_•Qê#°.
11. Dª•i ZxßH•› …Õ ZH›ø_• #°O_• ‡é\©
Kͪ•ë~x¡ q…èY~¡°•° KÇO^
㠃Πì|°x J_•Qê~¡°.
12. =KÍó <³• programme ZH›ø_È x~¡Þ‚²ìª•ë~x ¡
<Í#° "Œix J_•Qê#°.
13. ~ËAH÷ Zxß Q®O@•° „¬x K͆°Ç Q®•=x "Œ~¡°
##°ß J_•Qê~¡°.
14. Fresh batch Z„¬C_È° commence Kͪ•ë~x¡
"Í°=ò x#ß Director #° J_•Qê=ò.
15. Madras #°Oz Z„¬C_È° uiy =ª•ë=x
<Í#° =¶ brother x J_•Qê#°.
Z
428
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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.

I Form II Form III Form Meaning

881. Precede preceded preceded =òO^ΰ䛽‡é=ô@

882. Prefix prefixed prefixed =òO^ΰKÍ~¡°ó@
883. Prosper prospered prospered Ja•=$kœKO³ ^ΰ@
884. Pucker puckered puckered 䛽K³óˆ×ǟ@°“@
885. Punish punished punished tH÷ÆOKÇ°@
886. Pursue pursued pursued "³O|_•OKÇ°
887. Puzzle puzzled puzzled H›•=~¡Ì„@°“@
888. Quaff quaffed quaffed Jk•H›=òQê `ã ŒQ®°@
889. Quell quelled quelled J}KÇ°@
890. Quicken quickened quickened "ÍQ®=òQê H›^Ε°@
891. Ransack ransacked ransacked =ü•#"³^ÎH÷KǶKÇ°@
892. Rebuke rebuked rebuked u@°“@
893. Reciprocate reciprocated reciprocated Wzó„¬ôKÇ°óHù#°@
894. Recollect recollected recollected *ìý„¬H›=ò `³KÇ°óH›ù#°@
895. Refine refined refined ‰×ÃkœK͆Çò@
896. Reflect reflected reflected ㄬu„¦¬eOKÇ°@
897. Refrain refrained refrained …çOy†ÇòO_È°@
898. Refresh refreshed refreshed L`Œ•‚¬ì„¬~K ¡ °Ç @
899. Refund refunded refunded uiyWKÇ°ó@
900. Regain regained regained =°~¡•‡ÚO^ΰ@

D ~ËA Spoken English lesson …Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,
ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i D 3 parts KÇ^=Î O_•!
g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
430 A prophet is not honoured in his own country.
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POSITIVE FORM
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ „¬îië KÍ‹# ² XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz
"Í~ùH›iH÷ K³„²æ#@°ÁQê ‹¬¶zOKÇ° KÇ°O^ΰ=ò. P „¬xx Q®`ÇO…Õ „¬îië KÍ‹² †ÇòO^ΰ=ò. P
„¬xx KÍ‹²†ÇòO_È°@#° Q®°iOz W`Ç~¡°•ä›½ K³„²æ†ÇòO^ΰ=ò.
J J`Ç_È° x#ß <Œ HË‹¬O wait K͉§#x K³‡•æ_È°.
J P"³° last week bank test H÷ appear J~ò<Œ#x <Œä›½ K³„²æOk.
J =¶ cousin last year M.B.A. seat H÷ apply K͉§#x <Œä›½ K³‡•æ_È°.
J "Œ~¡° tickets book KÍ‹°¬ Hù<Œß=°x =¶`Ë K³‡•æ~¡°.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`ÇO…Õ KÍ‹²# XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz XH›~¡° WOHùH›iH÷ K³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°
KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ `Œ=ò „¬îië KÍ‹#² XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz XH›~°¡ WOHùH›iH÷
K³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Had + III form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

* Note : D "ŒH›¼O…Õ ~ï O_È° ƒ•ìQ®=ò•° LO_È°#°.

"³ò^Î\÷ ^¥x…Õ Verb Past Tense LO_È°#°.
ï~O_È= clause …Õ that J#° conjucntion =KÇ°ó#°.
EXAMPLES
1. x#ß „¬sH›Æ „¦ÔA K³eÁOKŒ#x =¶ friend
<Œä›½ K³„²æ<Œ_È°.
My friend told me that he had paid
the examination fees yesterday.
2. ‡é~ò# <³• Nellore …Õ XH› interview H÷
‚¬ð[~¡° J~ò<Œ#x =¶ cousin <Œä›½
K³„²æ<Œ_È°.
My cousin told me that he had
appeared for an interview in Nellore
last month.
3. x#ß function ä› ½ ~¡ ¶ . 10000
Y~¡°óKÍ‹²<Œ=°x "Œ~¡° `³e„²<Œ~¡°.
They said that they had spent
Rs. 10000 for the function yesterday.
4. Q®`Ç "Í‹¬q…Õ Delhi visit KÍ‹²<Œ=°x "Œ~¡°
`³e„²<Œ~¡°.
They said that they had visited Delhi
last summer.
5. Q®`Ç ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O "Œ¼‡•~¡O…Õ Ì„^Îí #+¬“O
Z^ΰ~ùøx<Œ=°x "Œ~¡° <Œä›½ K³‡•æ~°¡ .
They told me that they had faced a
heavy loss in the business last year.
6. ~Œã+¬“ ‹¬=°‹¬¼•° ㄬ^•¥x`Ë KÇióOKŒ#x
=òY¼=°Oãu x#ß JÌ‹OcÁ…Õ ã„¬H›\÷OKŒ~¡°.
The Chief-Minister announced in the
assembly yesterday that he had
discussed the state problems with the
Prime Minister.
7. Q®`Ç ‹¬O`Ç•~¡O `Ç=° college #°Oz 400
=°Ok q^¥¼~¡ ° œ • ° „¬ s H› Æ ä › ½ ‚¬ ð [~¡ °
J~ò<Œ~¡x Principal K³‡•æ~°¡ .
The Principal said that 400 students
had appeared for the examination from
their college last year.

431

9. P job ZO^ΰ䛽 =^Îe "Í‹<
² Œ=x =¶ uncle
##°ß J_•Qê~¡°.
My uncle asked me why I had left
that job.
10. P watch ZH›ø_È Hù<Œß=x P"³° ##°ß
J_•y#k.
She asked me where I had bought
that watch.
11. h=ô JH›ø_È Z=ix ‹¬O„
ã k
¬ Oz<Œ=x <Í#°
J`Çxx J_•y<Œ#°.
I asked him whom he had consulted
there.
12. x#ß interview Z…ì KÍ ‹ ² < Œ=x <Í # °
P"³°#° J_•y<Œ#°.
I asked her how she had done the
interview yesterday.
13. D W•°Á Z„¬C_È° Hù<Œß~x
¡ "Œ~¡° =°=òà•#°
J_•y<Œ~¡°.
They asked us when we had bought
this house.
14. x#ß test 䛽 ZO`Ç=°Ok Jƒ•’¼~¡°•Ö ° ‚¬ð[~¡°
J~ò<Œ~¡x "Í°=ò J`Çxx J_•y<Œ=ò.
We asked him howmany candidates
had attended the test yesterday.
15. x#ß function H÷ ZO`Ç Y~¡°ó KÍ‹²<Œ~¡x
J`Ç_°È =°=òà•#° J_•y<Œ_È°.
He asked us howmuch amount we
had spent for the function yesterday.
16. sudden Qê P W•°Á ZO^Î ° ä› ½ Mìm
KÍ‹<
² Œ~¡x <Í#° "Œix J_•y<Œ#°.
I asked them why they had vacated
that house suddenly.
Throw a lucky man into the sea and he will come up with a fish in his mouth. 436
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: 94406 16425 .
EXERCISE
D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•° …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
"ŒH›English
¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate
K͆°Ç O_•.
1. x#ß orders JO^ΰ䛽<Œß"Œ Jx <Í#° =¶
friend x J_•Qê#°.
2. Last week function H÷ JO^Îix invite
K͉§"Œ Jx "Í°=ò J"³°#° J_•Qê=ò.
3. x#ß T.V. …Õ match KǶ‰§"Œ Jx J`Ç_È°
##°ß J_•Qê_È°.
4. Last year M.B.A. seat H÷ donation pay
K͉§"Œ Jx =¶ uncle ##°ß J_•Qê~¡°.
5. x#ß Hindu paper …Õ advertisement
KǶ‰§"Œ Jx <Í#° =¶ friend x J_•Qê#°.
6. Last Sunday exam ƒìQê ã"Œ‰§"Œ Jx
<Í#° =¶ brother x J_•Qê#°.
7. x#ß meeting …Õ g°~¡° salary q+¬†Ç°O
discuss KÍ ‰ §~Œ Jx "Í ° =ò "Œix
J_•Qê=ò.
8. degree Z„¬C_È° „¬îië K͉§=x "Œ~¡° ##°ß
J_•Qê~¡°.
9. x#ß\÷ match …Õ Z=~¡° ïQeKŒ~¡x <Í#°
J`Çxx J_•Qê#°.
10. x#ß Delhi …Õ P.M. `Ë Uq° KÇióOKŒ~¡x
q…èH~› °¡ •° =òY¼=°Oãux J_•Qê~¡°.
11. sudden Qê P programme ZO^ΰ䛽 ~¡^ΰí
K͉§~¡x "Í°=ò "Œix J_•Qê=ò.
12. x#ß P ‡•s“ H ÷ ZO`Ç = °Ok ‚¬ ì ð[~¡ °
J~ò<Œ~¡x "Í°=ò "Œix J_•Qê=ò.
13. Last time F@° Z=iH÷ "͉§~¡x <Í#° P
Qã ê=°‹¬°•ë #° J_•Qê#°.
14. x#ß J`ÇxH÷ ZO`Ç pay K͉§~¡x "Œ~¡°
=°=òà•#° J_•Qê~¡°.
15. x#ß exam …Õ Zxß questions answer
K͉§=x =¶ brother ##°ß J_•Qê~¡°.
Z
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D ~ËA Hùxß verbs, "Œ\÷ †³òH›ø three forms <Í~¡°ó䛽O^¥O.

I Form II Form III Form Meaning

901. Abduct abducted abducted |•`Œø~¡=òQê

f‹¬°Hùx‡é=ô@
902. Abstain abstained abstained =¶#°Hù#°@
903. Analyse analysed analysed qƒ•’lOKÇ°@
904. Arouse aroused aroused ãÀ„ö~„²OKÇ°@
905. Authorize authorized authorized Jk•Hê~¡"ò ³ ‹¬Q°® @
906. Avert averted averted x"ŒiOKÇ°@
907. Batter battered battered fã==òQê Hù@°“@
908. Beckon beckoned beckoned Ì‹áQ®K͆Çò@
909. Beg begged begged †Ç¶zOKÇ°@
910. Bestow bestowed bestowed WKÇ°ó@
911. Betroth betrothed betrothed q"Œ‚¬ì=ò x‰×ó~òOKÇ°@
912. Bloat bloated bloated L|°Ä@, "Œ†Çò@
913. Bustle bustled bustled Q®_Èa_ÈK͆Çò@
914. Cachinate cachinated cachinated J@“‚¬ð‹¬=òQê #=ôÞ@
915. Carouse caroused caroused qO^ΰ…Õ =°^μ=ò
„¬ôKÇ°óH›ù#°@
916. Clamber clambered clambered H›+¬“=òQê Ì„áH÷ Z䛽ø@
917. Clutter cluttered cluttered zO^Î~¡=O^Î~¡ K͆Çò@
918. Condole condoled condoled qKŒ~¡=ò `³•°„¬ô@
919. Cringe cringed cringed ƒ•’†°Ç =ò`Ë =Oy†ÇòO_È°
920. Daub daubed daubed „¬î†Çò@, J•°ä›½@

D ~ËA Spoken English lesson …Õx Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,
ƒìQê <Í~¡°ó䛽<Œß~¡° H›^¥! Z@°=O\÷ confusion …èä½› O_¨ =°~¡• XH›ª•i D 3 parts KÇ^=Î O_•!
g°~¡° own Qê Hùxß "ŒH꼕° practise K͆°Ç O_•.

Z
438 When all else is lost, the future still remains.
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IMPERATIVE - POSITIVE FORM

XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò XH›ix XH› „¬x K͆ǰ=°x request KÍ‹¬°Hù#°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò,
P*ìý„²OKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò …èH› ‹¬•‚¬ð WKÇ°óKÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Œä›½ ö~„¬ô leave grant K͆ǰ=°x <Í#° manager x request KÍ‹¬°ä›½<Œß#°.
J Room clean K͆ǰ=°x P"³° „¬x=°x+²x P*ìý„²OzOk.
J =°Oz "Œi`Ë À‹ß‚¬ìO K͆ǰ=°x =¶ father <Œä›½ ‹¬•‚¬ð WKŒó~¡°.
J Sincere Qê work K͆ǰ=°x Collector teachers x HË~Œ~¡°.

Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° XH›~¡° XH›ix request, order, advise K͆Çò „¬#°•#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•ÎOQê XH› „¬xx K͆°Ç =°x XH›~°¡ "Í~ùH›ix request KÍ‹¬°Hù#ß@°ÁQê, order KÍ‹²#@°ÁQê …èH›
‹¬•‚¬ð Wzó#@°ÁQê, ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"To-infinitive" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

Note :
"ŒH›¼=ò J~¡=œ ò#° |\÷“ main verb 'requested' Qêx, 'ordered' Qêx, 'advised' Qêx =KÇ°ó#°.
To `Ç~¡°"Œ`Ç Verb I form =zó# Jk To-infinitive JQ®°#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Œä›½ D q+¬†°Ç O…Õ ‹¬‚𬠆ǰO K͆°Ç =°x
<Í#° =¶ friend x request KÍ‹°¬ Hùx<Œ#°.
I requested my friend to help me in
this matter.
2. English literature KÇ^ΰ==°x <Í#° =¶
brother H÷ ‹¬•‚¬ð Wzó<Œ#°.
I advised my brother to study English
literature.
3. Urgent files Jhß "Œ~¡O ~ËA•…Õ clear
KÍ † Ç ° =°x =¶ manager staff #°
P*ìý„²Oz<Œ~¡°.
The manager ordered the staff to
clear all the urgent files within a week.
4. <Œä›½ XH› "Œ~¡O ~ËA•° leave grant
K͆ǰ=°x <Í#° Manager x request
KÍ‹¬°ä›½<Œß#°.
I requested the Manager to grant me
leave for one week.
5. „¬sH›Æ•ä›½ ƒìQê hard work K͆ǰ=°x =¶
lecturers =¶ä›½ ‹¬•‚¬ð WKŒó~¡°.
Our lecturers advised us to work hard
for the examinations.
6. "³O@<Í P W•°Á Mìm K͆ǰ=°x P house
owner "Œix P*ìý„²OKŒ_È°.
The house owner ordered them to
vacate the house immediately.
7. English Grammar thorough Qê
<Í~¡°óHË=°x =¶ English lecturer =¶H›
‹¬•‚¬ð WKŒó~¡°.
Our English lecturer advised us to
learn English Grammar thoroughly.
8. <Œ`Ë Chennai =~¡ä½› `Ë_È°Qê ~¡=°àx <Í#°
=¶ friend x request KÍ‹²<Œ#°.
I requested my friend to accompany
me to Chennai.

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9. K³_È° À‹ß‚¬ìO K͆ǰ=^Îíx =¶ mother <Œä›½ EXERCISE

‹¬•‚¬ð WKŒó~¡°.
My mother advised me not to make bad D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•°
"ŒH›English …ÕxH÷ translate
¼=ò•° English K͆°Ç O_•.
…ÕxH÷ translate
friends.
K͆°Ç`ÇO_•.
1. ##° disturb K͆ǰ=^Îíx J`Ç_È° `Ç#
10. W`Ç~°¡ •#° q=°iÅOKÇ=^Îx
í =¶ uncle <Œä›½
‹¬•‚¬ð WKŒó~¡°. friends x request KÍ‹¬°ä›½<Œß_È°.
My uncle advised me not to criticise
others. 2. Hã ù`Çë „¬#°ß•° qk•OKÇ=^Îx
í H›=ü¼x‹¬°“ ‡•s“
11. HêÁ‹°¬ ~¡¶=ò•…Õ J•Ái K͆°Ç =^Îx
í teacher <Œ†Ç°ä›½•° PiœH› =°Oãux HË~Œ~¡°.
"Œix P*ìý„²OKŒ~¡°.
The teacher ordered them not to make
a noise in the class rooms. 3. ‹¬=¶^•¥#=ò•° H›O~”‹ ¡ OÖ¬ K͆°Ç =^Îx
í =¶
12. Guides follow J==^Îíx =¶ teachers teachers =¶ä›½ ‹¬•‚¬ð WKŒó~¡°.
=¶ä›½ ‹¬•‚¬ð WKŒó~¡°.
Our teachers advised us not to follow 4. Helmet ^•ÎiOKÇ䛽O_¨ "Œ‚¬ì#=ò•#°
guides. #_È„¬=^Îíx S.P. ㄬ[•#° HË~Œ~¡°.
13. W|ÄOk Ì„@“=^Îíx J`Ç_È° "Œix request
KÍ‹²<Œ_È°.
He requested them not to trouble him. 5. „¬sH›Æ•° postponeK͆ǰ=^Îíx q^¥¼~¡°œ•°
14. J|^Î œ O K³ „ ¬ æ = ^Î í x Inspector J`Ç x x University registrar #° request K͉§~¡°.
P*ìý„²OKŒ~¡°.
The Inspector ordered him not to tell 6. ‹ÔÞ@° „¬^¥~¡=
œ ò•° u#=^Îx
í doctor J`ÇxH÷
lies. advise K͉§~¡°.
15. D q+¬†Ç°O Z=iH© K³„¬æ=^Îíx J`Ç_È° ##°ß
request KÍ‹¬°ä›½<Œß_È°.
He requested me not to tell this matter
7. Working hours …Õ |†Ç°@䛽 "³ˆ×¤=^Îíx
to anyone. Principal q^¥¼~¡°œ•#° P^ÍtOKŒ~¡°.
16. Z@°=O\÷ =^Î O `Ç ° •° #=°à=^Î í x
‡éb‹¬°"Œ~¡° ㄬ[•#° HË~Œ~¡°. 8. T.V. …Õ late night movies KǶ_È=^Îx
í <Í#°
The police asked the public not to =¶ brother x Ì‚ìKÇóiOKŒ#°.
believe any rumours.
17. `Ç#Ì„á Z@°=O\÷ KÇ~¡¼ f‹¬°HË=^Îíx P†Ç°# 9. „¬iKdžǰ=ò …èx "Œix #=°à=^Îíx "Œ~¡°
‡•s“ J^•Î¼ä½Æ › x request K͉§~¡°. ##°ß Ì‚ìKÇóiOKŒ~¡°.
He requested the party President not
to take any action against him.
18. BC q^¥¼~¡°œ• #°Oz donations =‹¬¶•° 10. K³_È° „¬ô‹¬ëHê•° KÇ^ΰ==^Îíx =¶ father
K͆ǰ=^Îíx University private college <Œä›½ ‹¬•‚¬ð WKŒó~¡°.
"Œix P^ÍtOzOk.
The University ordered the private
colleges not to collect donations from
the BC students.
Z
Hands that work are more precious than lips that pray. 442
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ABOUT TO - PRESENT
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° XH›~°¡ „
ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë OÇ XH› „¬xx K͆°Ç ƒÕ=ô
‹¬O‹²^Îœ`Ç#° (readiness) ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò. =°#=ò XH› „¬x K͆Çò@䛽 ‹²^Îœ=òQê
L<Œß=ò. P „¬xx HùkíÀ‹„¬\÷…Õ<Ë, Hùkí ~ËA•…Õ<Ë K͆ǰƒÕ=ôKÇ°<Œß=ò Jx J~¡Ö=ò.
J <Í#° W„¬C_È° lunch f‹¬°H˃Õ=ôKÇ°<Œß#°.
J "Í°=ò W„¬C_È° railway station H÷ |†Ç°•° ^Í~¡ƒÕ`Ç°<Œß=ò.
J J`Ç_È° Hùkí ~ËA…ÕÁ foreign "³ˆ×¤ƒÕ=ô KÇ°<Œß_È°.
J "Œ~¡° `ÇÞ~¡…Õ =°# town …Õ branch open K͆ǰƒÕ=ôKÇ°<Œß~¡°.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO XH›~¡° K͆ǰƒÕ=ôKÇ°#ß „¬#°•#° Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq
D q^•ÎOQê „ã ‹¬ °¬ `ë OÇ =°#O =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#䛽 Hùkí xq°‘••…Õ, Q®O@•…Õ …èH› ~ËA•…Õ
=°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~¡° K͆ǰƒÕ=ô XH› „¬xx ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Am/Is/Are + about to + I form of the verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject, I, J~ò#„¬C_È° 'am about to' =KÇ°ó#°.
He, She, It, J~ò#„¬C_È° 'is about to' =KÇ°ó#°.
We, You, They, J~ò#„¬C_È° 'are about to' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° W„¬C_È° college H÷ "³ˆ×¤ƒÕ=ôKÇ°<Œß#°.
I am about to go to college now.
2. "Í°=ò WH›ø_È `ÇÞ~¡…Õ business start
K͆ǰƒÕ`Ç°<Œß=ò.
We are about to start business here
soon.
3. Krishna Express =°iHùkí À ‹ „¬ \ ÷ … Õ
platform g°kH÷ ~ŒƒÕ=ôKÇ°#ßk.
The Krishna Express is about to arrive
at the platform in a while.
4. =¶ father ï ~ O_È ° <³ • •…Õ transfer
J=ƒÕ`Ç°<Œß~¡°.
My father is about to get a transfer in
a two months.
5. P"³° =°iHùkí ~ËA•…Õ computer course
„¬îië K͆ǰƒÕ=ôKÇ°#ßk.
She is about to complete the
computer course in a few days.
443
6. "Œ~¡° `ÇÞ~¡…Õ J"³°iHê "³ˆ×¤ƒÕ`Ç°<Œß~¡°.
They are about to leave for America
soon.
7. Hùkí xq°‘••…Õ chief guest WH›ø_•H÷
~ŒƒÕ`Ç°<Œß~¡°.
The chief guest is about to come here
in a few minutes.
8. "Í°=ò XH› <³• ~ËA•…Õ new house
…ÕxH÷ shift J=ƒÕ`Ç°<Œß=ò.
We are about to shift to the new house
in a month.
9. WOHùH› S^Î ° xq°‘••…Õ "Œ~¡ °
programme ‡
ã •~¡Oa•OKǃÕ`Ç°<Œß~°¡ .
They are about to commence the
programme in a five minutes.
10. "Œ~¡° `ÇÞ~¡…Õ WH›ø_È new showroom open
K͆ǰƒÕ`Ç°<Œß~¡°.
They are about to open a new
showroom here soon.
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11. WOHùkí xq°‘••…Õ train |†Ç ° •°^Í ~ ¡ EXERCISE

ƒÕ=ôKÇ°#ßk. D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•° …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
The train is about to depart in a few "ŒH›English
¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate
minests.
1.K͆°<Í
Ç O_•.
# ° D~ËA Manager #° consult
12. XH› „¬k xq°‘••…Õ "Í°=ò dinner serve J=ƒÕ=ôKÇ°<Œß#°.
K͆ǰƒÕ=ôKÇ°<Œß=ò.
We are about to serve dinner in a ten 2. "Í°=ò XH› S^ΰ xq°‘••…Õ =¶ TiH÷
minutes. |†Ç°•°^Í~¡ƒÕ=ôKÇ°<Œß=ò.
13. <Í#° `ÇÞ~¡…Õ Civil Service exam H÷ appear 3. BSNL `Ç Þ ~¡ … Õ STD K•Œsû•°
HêƒÕ`Ç°<Œß#°. `Çy¾OKǃÕ=ôKÇ°#ßk.
I am about to appear for the Civil
Service examination soon. 4. ~ŒR „ ã ƒ¬ •’°`ÇÞO `ÇÞ~¡…Õ DSC <Ë\÷„¦²öH+¬<£
14. "Œ~¡° `ÇÞ~¡…Õ India H÷ uiy ~ŒƒÕ=ôKÇ°<Œß~°¡ . *ìs K͆ǰƒÕ=ôKÇ°#ßk.
They are about to return to India soon. 5. "Œ~¡° ö~„¬ô g°\÷OQ·…Õ x~¡â†Ç°O f‹¬°H˃Õ
15. =¶ brother `Ç Þ ~¡ … Õ bank officer `Ç°<Œß~¡°.
HêƒÕ=ôKÇ°<Œß_È°. 6. Hùkí xq°‘••…Õ =~¡ÂO „¬_ƒ È Õ=ôKÇ°#ßk.
My brother is about to become a bank
officer soon.
7. "Œ~¡° `ÇÞ~¡…Õ Hyderabad …Õ XH› ‹¬O‹¬Ö#°
ª•Ö„O² KǃÕ=ôKÇ°<Œß~°¡ .
16. "Œ~¡° `ÇÞ~¡…Õ JH›ø_È XH› shopping complex
xiàOKǃÕ=ôKÇ°<Œß~¡°. 8. <Í # ° ï ~ O_È ° , =ü_È ° ~ËA•…Õ bike
They are about to construct a Hù#ƒÕ=ôKÇ°<Œß#°.
shopping complex there soon.
9. P†Ç°# ï~O_È°, =ü_È° <³••…Õ job H÷
17. ~ŒR „ ã ƒ
¬ •’°`ÇÞO †Çò=`Ç HË‹¬O XH› „¬^HΊ O› resign K͆ǰƒÕ=ôKÇ°<Œß~¡°.
ㄬ"͉×Ì„@“ƒÕ=ôKÇ°#ßk.
The state government is about to 10. =¶ uncle `ÇÞ~¡…Õ TDP …Õ KÍ~¡ƒÕ=ô
launch a special programme for the KÇ°<Œß~¡°.
youth soon.
11. [_•û =°iHùkí À‹„¬\÷…Õ f~¡°æ ㄬH›\÷OKÇ
18. P†Ç°# D~Ë*Õ, ö~‡é duty …Õ KÍ~¡ƒÕ=ô ƒÕ=ôKÇ°<Œß~¡°.
KÇ°<Œß_È°.
He is about to join duty today or 12. Hùkí xq°‘••…Õ show begin
tomorrow. J=ƒÕ=ôKÇ°#ßk.
19. P†Ç°# `ÇÞ~¡…Õ `Ç# retirement x~¡â†Ç¶xß 13. HùOK³ O À ‹ „¬ \ ÕÁ "Œ~¡ ° shop close
ㄬH›\÷OKǃÕ=ôKÇ°<Œß_È°. K͆ǰƒÕ=ôKÇ°<Œß~¡°.
He is about to announce his retirement
decision soon.
14. WOHùH› ï ~ O_È ° xq°‘••…Õ |‹¬ ° •
H›^ΕƒÕ=ôKÇ°#ßk.
20. "Œ~¡° `ÇÞ~¡…Õ P house Hù#ƒÕ=ôKÇ°<Œß~¡°.
They are about to buy that house soon. 15. "Œ~¡ ° `Ç Þ ~¡ … Õ P W•°Á Mìm
K͆ǰƒÕ=ôKÇ°<Œß~¡°.
Z
Nothing lasts forever not even your troubles. 444
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ABOUT TO -PAST
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° XH›~°¡ Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ
XH› „¬xx K͆ǰƒÕ=ô ‹¬O‹²^Îœ`Ç#° (readiness) ‹¬¶zOKÇ° KÇ°O^ΰ=ò. =°#=ò Q®`ÇO…Õ XH›
„¬x K͆òÇ @䛽 ‹²^OœÎ Qê LO_•<Œ=ò.
J <Í#° x#ß P time …Õ office H÷ "³ˆ¤× ƒÕ`Ç°O_•<Œ#°.
J "Í°=ò J„¬C_È° game start K͆°Ç ƒÕ`Ç°O_•<Œ=ò.
J J„¬C_È° =~¡ÂO „¬_ƒÈ Õ`Ç°O_•#k.
J "Œ~¡„¬C_Í programme ‡ã •~¡Oa•OKǃÕ`Ç°O_• <Œ~¡°.
„
Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•° Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ XH›~°¡ K͆°Ç ƒÕ=ôKÇ°O_•# „¬#°•#° Q®°iOz
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•ÎOQê Q®`OÇ …Õx XH› ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò#O^ΰ =°#=ò …èH› "Í~ùH›~°¡ K͆òÇ @䛽 ‹²^OœÎ Qê †ÇòO_•# XH›
„¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
" Was/were+about to + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject, I,He, She, It J~ò#„¬C_È° 'Was about to' =KÇ°ó#°.
'We, You, They' J~ò#„¬C_È° 'were about to' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° x#ß P time …Õ college H÷ 6. "Œ~¡ ° J„¬ C _È ° game start KÍ † Ç ° ƒÕ
|†Ç°•°^Í~ƒ¡ Õ`Ç°O_•<Œ#°. `Ç°O_•<Œ~¡°.
I was about to start for college at They were about to start the game
that time yesterday. then.
2. "Í°=ò J„¬C_È° hall …ÕxH÷ enter 7. <Í#° J„¬C_È° speech deliver K͆ǰƒÕ
J=ƒÕ`Ç°O_•<Œ=ò. `Ç°O_•<Œ~¡°.
We were about to enter the hall I was about to deliver the speech
then. then.
3. J`Ç_È° P ‹¬=°†Ç°=ò# left side turn
8. Show J„¬C_Í begin J=ƒÕ`Ç°O_•#k.
The show was about to begin then.
J=ƒÕ`Ç°O_•<Œ_È°. 9. "Í°=ò J„¬C_Í lunch f‹¬°H˃Õ`Ç°O_•<Œ=ò.
He was about to turn left side at that
We were about to take lunch then.
time.
10. P"³° J„¬C_Í WO\ÕÁ #°O_• |†Ç°@䛽
4. P"³° J„¬ôC_È° Ju^•Î°•ä›½ dinner serve ~ŒƒÕ`Ç°O_•#k.
K͆°Ç ƒÕ`Ç°O_•#k. She was about to come out of the
She was about to serve dinner to the house then.
guests then. 11. <Í # ° P ‹¬ = °†Ç ° O…Õ xã ^ Î ‡ éƒÕ=ô
5. Train J„¬C_Í H›^ΕƒÕ`Ç°#ßk. KÇ°O_•<Œ#°.
The train was about to start then. I was about to go to sleep at that time.

445
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12. "Í ° =ò P‹¬ = °†Ç ° =ò…Õ train …ÕxH÷ EXERCISE

ZH›øƒÕ=ôKÇ°O_•<Œ=ò. D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•° …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
We were about to get into the train at "ŒH›English
¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate
that time. KÍ1.†°Ç O_•.
<Í # ° P time …Õ switch off
13. P"³° J„¬C_È° ãH÷O^Î „¬_ȃÕ~ò#k. K͆ǰƒÕ~ò<Œ#°.
She was about to fall down then. 2. "Í ° =ò J„¬ C _È ° tickets f‹¬ ° H˃Õ=ô
14. J`Ç _ È ° P time …Õ ~Ë_È ° Û ^¥@ƒÕ=ô KÇ°<Œß=ò.
KÇ°O_•<Œ_È°. 3. P"³° J„¬C_Í XH› ‡•@ ‡•_ȃÕ=ôKÇ°O_•#k.
He was about to cross the road at that 4. J`Ç _ È ° J„¬ C _Í train #°O_• kQ®ƒÕ=ô
time. KÇ°O_•<Œ_È°.
15. "Œ~¡° P time …Õ shop open K͆ǰƒÕ=ô 5. "Œ~¡° J„¬C_Í WO\÷H÷ "³ˆ×¤ƒÕ=ôKÇ°<Œß~¡°.
KÇ°O_•<Œ~¡°. 6. Pinakini Express J„¬C_Í q[†Ç°"Œ_ÈH÷
They were about to open the shop at
KÍ~ƒ¡ Õ=ôKÇ°O_•#k.
that time.
7. "Œ~¡° J„¬æ\÷H÷ S^ΰ xq°‘••…Õ „¬sH›Æ
16. <Í#° J„¬C_È° meeting …Õ =¶\ìÁ_ȃÕ=ô "³ò^Ε° „Ì @“ƒÕ=ôKÇ°O_•<Œ~¡°.
KÇ°O_•<Œ#°.
I was about to speak in the meeting
8. <Í#° J„¬C_Í ã"Œ†Ç°@O "³ò^Ε° Ì„@“ƒÕ=ô
then.
KÇ°O_•<Œ#°.
9. "Í ° =ò P time …Õ chess P_È ƒ Õ=ô
17. "Í°=ò P ‹¬=°†Ç°O…Õ movie H÷ "³ˆ×¤ƒÕ=ô KÇ°O_•<Œ=ò.
KÇ°O_•<Œ=ò.
We were about to go to a movie at that 10. J`Ç _ È ° J„¬ C _Í dias Ì „ á # J_È ° Q® °
time. Ì„@“ƒÕ~ò<Œ_È°.
18. J`Ç _ È ° J„¬ C _È ° H› ^ Î ° •°`Ç ° #ß train #° 11. P"³° J„¬æ\H÷ ÷ Hùkí xq°‘••…Õ school H÷
JO^ΰH˃Õ~ò<Œ_È°. "³ˆƒ
¤× Õ=ôKÇ°O_•#k.
He was about to catch the moving train 12. "Œ~¡° J„¬C_Í maingate open K͆ǰƒÕ=ô
then. KÇ°O_•<Œ~¡°.
19. P moment …Õ bowler ball #° deliver 13. J„¬C_Í =~¡ÂO „¬_ƒ È Õ=ô KÇ°O_•#k.
K͆ǰƒÕ~ò<Œ_È°. 14. x#ß function …Õ Principal J„¬C_Í Annual
The bowler was about to deliver the Report KÇ^°Î =ƒÕ=ôKÇ°O_•<Œ~¡°.
ball at that moment.
15. <Í # ° J„¬ C _Í hall #°O_• |†Ç°\÷H÷
20. h=ô J„¬ C _È ° court P=~¡ } …ÕH÷ enter ~ŒƒÕ=ôKÇ°O_•<Œ#°.
J=ƒÕ=ôKÇ°O_•<Œ=ô..
You were about to enter the court
premises then. Z
Habit, if not resisted, soon becomes necessity. 446
 , : 94406 16425

HAD BETTER
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò XH› „¬xx Q®°iOz XH› x~¡† â °Ç =ò#䛽 =zó J…ì K͆ò
Ç @ =°Ozk
Jx W`Ç~¡°•ä›½ ‹¬¶KÇ# K͆ÇòKÇ°O^ΰ=ò. =°#䛽 =°#=ò 䛕_¨ K³„¬CHù#°KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J h=ô text book refer K͆ǰ_ÈO =°Ozk.
J g°~¡° test H÷ coaching f‹¬°HË=_ÈO =°Ozk.
J J`Ç_È° "³O@<Í doctor #° consult J=@O =°Ozk.
J "Œ~¡° D ~ËA WH›ø_È stay K͆ǰ@O =°Ozk.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° =°#=ò XH› „¬xx Q®°iOzK³„¬CKǶ J…ì K͆ǰ_ÈO "Í°•°, =°Ozk Jx
KÍ„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•ÎOQê =°#䛽 =°#=òQêx …èH› "Í~ùH›iH÷ Qêx XH› „¬xx K͆Çò@ Q®°iOz XH› ‹¬¶KÇ#Qê,
‹¬•‚¬ðQê K³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Had better + I form of the Verb" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, plural U^³á##° 'Had better + I form' =KÇ°ó#°.
EXAMPLES
1. =°#=ò Madras H÷ train …Õ "³ˆ×¤_ÈO 6. "Œ~¡° D town …Õ settle J=@O =°Ozk.
=°Ozk. They had better settle down in this
We had better go to Madras by train. town
2. h=ô computer course join J=@O 7. =°#O `ÇÞ~¡…Õ D Hã ù`Çë WO\ÕÁH÷ shift J=@O
=°Ozk. =°Ozk.
You had better join the computer We had better shift to this new house
course. soon.
3. g°~¡° "³O@<Í P W•°Á Mìm K͆ǰ_ÈO 8. g°~¡° "ŒiH÷ D q+¬†Ç°O =òO^ΰQê
=°Ozk. inform K͆ǰ@O =°Ozk.
You had better vacate that house You had better inform them this matter
immediately. earlier.
4. J`Ç _ È ° "³ O @<Í P L^˼QêxH÷ resign 9. J`Ç_È° U^³á<Œ government job H÷ try
K͆ǰ@O =°Ozk. K͆ǰ@O =°Ozk.
He had better resign to that job He had better try for a governemtn job.
immediately. 10. "Œ~¡° =òO^ΰQê tickets book KÍ‹°¬ HË=@O
5. P"³° "³O@<Í specialist x consult J=@O =°Ozk.
=°Ozk. They had better book the tickets
She had better consult a specialist earlier.
immediately.
447
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: 94406 16425 .

EXERCISE
11. h=ô D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O studies continue
K͆ǰ@O =°Ozk. D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•°
"ŒH›English …ÕxH÷ translate
¼=ò•° English K͆°Ç O_•.
…ÕxH÷ translate
You had better continue your studies K͆°Ç O_•.
this year.
1. h=ô bike Hù#°HËø=@O =°Ozk.
12. g°~¡° P loan `ÇÞ~¡Qê clear KÍ‹¬°HË=@O
=°Ozk. 2. g°~¡ ° D ‹¬ O =`Ç • ~¡ O crop holiday
You had better clear that loan soon. ㄬH›\÷OKÇ@O =°Ozk.
13. =°#=ò D q+¬†Ç°O "Œi`Ë KÇióOKÇ@O 3. P†Ç°# WH› ~Œ[H©†Ç¶•#° =^Îe"͆ǰ@O
=°~zk. =°Ozk.
We had better discuss this matter with 4. P"³° Super Speciality Hospital …Õ zH÷`•Ç
them. ‡ÚO^Î@O =°Ozk.
14. P†Ç°# WH› „¬îië q㉧Ou f‹¬°HË=@O 5. "Œ~¡° WH› P "Œ¼‡•~¡O close K͆ǰ@O
=°Ozk. =°Ozk.
He had better take complete rest.
6. h=ô English Grammar <Í ~ ¡ ° ó H Ë=@O
15. P"³° WOHùH› "Œ~¡O hospital …Õ LO_È@O =°Ozk.
=°Ozk. 7. g°~¡ ° ‹¬ Þ O`Ç O Qê notes `Ç † Ç ¶ ~¡ °
She had better stay in the hospital one
KÍ‹¬°HË=@O =°Ozk.
more week.
8. J`Ç_È° WOHùH› job KǶ‹¬°HË=@O =°Ozk.
16. "Œ~¡° family U^³á<Œ XH› city H÷ shift
K͆ǰ@O =°Ozk. 9. P"³° hostel …Õ stay K͆ǰ@O =°Ozk.
They had better shift their family to a 10. "Œ~¡° WH› P old house Jq°à "͆ǰ@O
city. =°Ozk.
17. h=ô I-CET H÷ appear J=@O =°Ozk. 11. h=ô J`Çx`Ë friends K͆ǰ@O =°Ozk.
You had better appear for the I-CET.
12. g°~¡ ° bills Z„¬ æ \ ÷ H › „ ¬ C _È ° K³ e Á O KÇ @ O
18. g°~¡° D ~Ë*è "Í°<Í[~¡°#° ‹¬OㄬkOKÇ@O =°Ozk.
=°Ozk. 13. P†Ç°# <Œq°<Í+¬<£ withdraw K͆ǰ@O
You had better consult the manager
=°Ozk.
today itself.
14. P"³° U^³á<Œ computer course K͆ǰ@O
19. J`Ç_È° B.Ed K͆ǰ@O =°Ozk. =°Ozk.
He had better do B.Ed.
15. "Œ~¡° `ÇÞ~¡…Õ XH› x~¡â†Ç°O f‹¬°HË=@O
20. P"³° D proposal X„¬CHË=@O =°Ozk. =°Ozk.
She had better accept to this proposal.

Z
Enjoy your own life without comparing it with that of another. 448
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WOULD RATHER
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò ~ï O_È° „¬#°•#° Q®°iOz K³„C¬ KǶ P ~ï O\÷…Õ "³ò^Î\„
÷ x
¬ H÷ Z䛽ø=
‡ã •^•¥#¼`Ç WKÇ°#
ó @°ÁQê ‹¬¶zOKÇ° KÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J <Í#° x~¡°^˼yQê <³á<Œ LO\ì#° Qêx •OKÇO Wzó L^˼Q®O ‡ÚO^Î#°.
J J`Ç_È° ‹¬=°‹¬¼…ÿá<Œ Z^ΰ~ùøO\ì_È° Hê#, Z=i ‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°O HË~¡_È°.
J P"³° P "Œ¼k•`Ë ƒì^•³<á Œ „¬_°È `Ç°Ok Qêx, medicines =¶ã`ÇO f‹¬°HË^ΰ.
J "Œ~¡° "Œ¼‡•~¡O J~ò<Œ =¶#°ä›½O\ì~¡° Qêx, H›bë ‹¬~°¡ 䛽 J=°à~°¡ .
„
Ì á "ŒH›¼=ò•…Õ =°#=ò ~ï O_È° „¬#°•…Õ ‡ã •^•¥#¼`Ç xKÇ°ó „¬xx Q®°iOz ‹¬¶zOKÇ°
KÇ°<Œß=ò.
D q^•ÎOQê XH›~°¡ ~ï O_È° „¬#°• Q®°iOz K³„C¬ KǶ P ~ï O_È° „¬#°•…Õ XH› ^¥xH÷ Z䛽ø= ‡ã •^•¥#¼`Ç
WKÇ°ó@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Would rather + I form of the Verb + than" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.

* Note : "ŒH›¼=ò…Õx
Subject Singular, Plural U^³á##° 'Would rather' =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. <Í#° fail J~ò<Œ J=ô`ŒQêx, copy =¶ã`OÇ They would rather starve than steal.
K͆ǰ#°. 6. <Í#° KÇx‡é`Œ#° Qêx, J|^ÎœO =¶ã`ÇO
I would rather fail in the exam than K³„¬æ#°.
copy. I would rather die than lie.
2. "Í°=ò ‹¬=°‹¬¼<³<
á Œ Z^ΰ~ùøO\ìOQêx, J„¬C 7. "Í°=ò journey J~ò<Œ cancel LO\ì~¡°
=¶ã`ÇO K͆ǰ=ò. Qêx P bus …Õ =¶ã`ÇO K͆ǰ~¡°.
We would rather face the problem We would rather cancel the journey
than borrow money. than travel by that bus.
3. P"³° [Þ~¡O`Ë ƒì^•Î J~ò<Œ „¬_°È `Ç°Ok 8. J`Ç_°È |
ã ‚¬ìàKŒiQê J~ò<Œ LO\ì_È° Qêx,
Qêx, P tonic f‹¬°HË^ΰ. P"³°x =¶ã`ÇO Ì„o¤ KÍ‹¬°HË_È°.
She would rather suffer from fever He would rather remain a bachelor
than take that tonic. than marry her.
4. J`Ç_È° job =^ΰ•°HùO\ì_È° Qêx, JOKÇO 9. P"³° studies J~ò<Œ =¶#°ä›½O@°Ok
=¶ã`ÇO f‹¬°HË_È°. Qêx, P college =¶ã`ÇO KÍ~¡^ΰ.
He would rather leave this job than 10. "Œ~¡° W|ÄOk#~ò<Œ Z^ΰ~ùøO\ì~¡° Qêx,
take bribe. W`Ç~¡°• ‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°O =¶ã`ÇO HË~¡~¡°.
5. "Œ~¡ ° „¬ ‹ ¬ ° ë J~ò# LO\ì~¡ ° Qêx, They would rather face the trouble
^ùOQ®`Ç#O =¶ã`ÇO K͆ǰ~¡°. than seek other's help.

449

11. <Í#° problem J~ò<Œ face Kͪ•ë Qêh,
J`Çx ‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°O =¶ã`ÇO HË~¡#°.
I would rather face the problem than
seek his help.
12. "Í°=ò J=Hê‰×"³°Ø<Œ =^ΰ•°ä›½O\ìO Hêh,
hKÇ"³°Ø# „¬#°•° =¶ã`ÇO K͆ǰ=ò.
We would rather lose the opportunity
than do mean things.
13. Manmohan Singh „¬ ^ Î " ³ á < Œ =^Î ° •°
䛽O\ì~¡° Hêh, ‹²^¥œO`Œ•° KÇO„¬ôHË~¡°.
Sri Manmohan Singh would rather lose
his post than kill his principles.
14. P"³° J==¶#"³°< Ø Œ ƒ•’i‹¬°Oë k Hêh, "ŒiÌ„á
P^•¥~¡„_¬ ^È °Î .
She would rather bear insult than
depend on them.
15. "Œ~¡° F@q°<³< á Œ JOwH›iª•ë~°¡ Hêh, "ŒiÌ„á
P^•¥~¡„_¬ ~È °¡ .
They would rather accept defeat than
violate the rules.
16. <Í#° #_•K³< á Œ "³ˆìë#° Qêh J`Çx scooter
Ì„á "³ˆ×¤#°.
I would rather go on foot than go on
his scooter.
17. "Í ° =ò #+¬ “ " ³ ° Ø < Œ Z^Î ° ~ùøO\ìO Qêh,
customers #° cheat K͆ǰ=ò.
We would rather face loss than cheat
the customers.
18. "Œ~¡° tH›Æ J~ò<Œ J#°ƒ•’qª•ë~¡° Qêh,
=ü_•È#=°àHê•° =^Ε~¡°.
They would rather undergo punishment
than leave the superstitions.
19. "Í°=ò D T~ËÁ K³@Á Hã O÷ ^³<
á Œ x=tª•ë=ò
Hêh, D T~¡ ° =¶ã ` Ç O =^Î e "³ ˆ × ¤ = ò.
We would rather live under trees than
leave this village.
20. <Í#° D course WOHùH› ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡"°³ <Ø Œ
KÇ^ΰ=ô`Œ#° Qêh, „¬sH›Æ…Õ copy =¶ã`ÇO
K͆ǰ#°.
I would rather study this course one
more year than copy in the examination
A wiseman doesnot care for what he doesnot have.
, ,
: 94406 16425 .
EXERCISE
D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•° …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
"ŒH›English
¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate
K͆°Ç O_•.
1. "Í°=ò P book HË‹¬O Zxß ~ËA…ÿá<Œ wait
Kͪ•ëO Qêh, "Íö~ book =¶ã`ÇO follow
J==ò.
2. <Í#° XO@iQê<³< á Œ =ôO\ì#° Qêh, J…ìO\÷
"Œi`Ë À‹ß‚¬ìO =¶ã`ÇO K͆ǰ#°.
3. h=ô q=°~¡Å…ÿá<Œ Z^ΰ~¡°øO\ì=ô Qêh,
x~¡â†Ç°O =¶~¡°óHË=ô H›^¥!
4. J`Ç_°È x~¡°^˼yQê<³< á Œ =ôO\ì_È°Qêh, XH›i
ãH÷O^Î =¶ã`ÇO „¬xK͆ǰ_È°.
5. P"³° W|ÄO^ΰ…ÿ< á Œ Z^ΰ~ùøO@°Ok Qêh "Œi
=¶@ =¶ã`ÇO q#^ΰ.
6. "Í°=ò ZO`Ç ‹¬=°‹¬¼<³< á Œ Z^ΰ~ùøO\ìO Hêh
J`ÇxH÷ =¶ã`ÇO H›Æ=¶„¬} K³„¬æ=ò.
7. "Í°=ò ZO`Ç Y~¡°ó J~ò<Œ ƒ•’iª•ë=ò Qêh,
J`Çxx =¶ã`ÇO =^Ε=ò.
8. <Í#° Zxߪ•~¡~Á ò<Œ fail J=ô`Œ Qêh <Œ self
confidence =¶ã`ÇO HË…Õæ#°.
9. J`Ç_È° „²zó "Œ_È<Œß J=ô`Œ_È° Qêh P"³°
g°^Î ãÀ„=° =¶ã`ÇO KÇO„¬ôHË_È°.
10. P"³° ‹¬=°‹¬¼…ÿ<á Œ Z^ΰ~ùøO@°k Qêh, Z=i
‹¬‚¬ð†Ç°O HË~¡^ΰ.
11. <Í#° money J~ò<Œ =^ΰ•°ä›½O\ì#°
Qêh, „¬i‹²Ö`Ç°•ä›½ ~Œr „¬_È#°.
12. "Í°=ò ~ï \÷O“ „¬ô _È|Ä~ò<Œ K³eªÁ •ë=ò Hêh,
D J=Hê‰×=ò =^Ε°HË=ò.
13. J`Ç _ È ° ZxßH› • …Õ F@q° J~ò<Œ
K³O^ΰ`Œ_È° Hêh F@°Á =¶ã`ÇO Hù#_È°.
14. "Œ~¡° P‹²Ö J~ò<Œ =^ΰ•°ä›½O\ì~¡° Hêh,
J`Çxx =¶ã`ÇO ^Î`Çë`Ç f‹¬°Hù#~¡°.
Z
450
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SUPERLATIVE DEGREE - 'OF ALL THE'

XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° XH› =¼H÷,ë ‹¬•Ö =ò, =‹¬°=
ë ô J^Í •H›}
Æ =ò,
Q®°}=ò Q®ey# "Œ~¡O^Îi`Ë ‡éeó K³„¬CKÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J Batsmen JO^Îi…Õ Sachin Qù„¬æ"Œ_È°. J Hindi actors JO^Îi…Õ Amitab popular #@°_È°.
J India …Õ Jxß\÷H›O>è Hêjà~Ÿ JO^Î"³°Ø# ㄬ^͉×=ò. J N.T.R 䛽=¶~¡°•O^Îi…Õ ~Œ=°H›$+¬â z#ß"Œ_È°.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° XH› •H›Æ}=ò Q®ey# "Œ~¡O^Îi…Õ XH›ix ‡éeó K³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê XH› =¼H÷,ë ‹¬•Ö =ò, [O`Ç°=ô, =‹¬°=ë ô#° J^Í •H›}Æ =ò, Q®°}=ò H›ey# "Œ~¡O^Îi`Ë ‡éeó
K³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Subject + Verb + the + Adjective (est / most) + of all the + Plural Noun"
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ =…ÿ#°.
* Note :
1. D degree …Õ adjective 䛽 =òO^ΰ article 'the' `Ç„¬æH›=KÇ°ó#°.
2. Adjective 䛽 'est' Qêx =òO^ΰ 'most' Qêh =KÇ°ó#°.
3. 'of all the' J#° phrase L„¬†³¶yOz# `Ç~¡°"Œ`Ç Noun Plural Number, 'of all the'
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ䛽#ßKË Noun 'Singular Number' …Õ LO_È=…ÿ#°.
EXAMPLES
1. Jxß subjects •…Õ Mathematics 6. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇLoksabha ‹¬ƒ•’°¼•O^Îi…Õ Rahul
H›+¬»"³°Ø#k. Mathematics is the Gandhi z#ß"Œ_È°.
most difficult subject. Rahul Gandhi is the youngest of all
2. English <Œ@H› ~¡ K Ç ~ ò`Ç • O^Î i …Õ the members in the present Loksabha.
Shakespeare Qù„¬æ"Œ_È°. 7. …Õ‚¬ð•xßO\÷…Õ |OQê~¡=ò q•°"³á#k.
Shakespeare is the greatest of all the Gold is the most precious of all the
English play wrights. metals.
3. =°#^Í ‰ × O …Õx Jxß states …Õ Uttar 8. Class …Õx JO^Î i boys …Õ J`Ç _ È °
Pradesh Ì„^Îík. ªé=°i.
Uttar Pradesh is the largest of all the He is the laziest of all the boys in the
states in our country. class.
4. =¶ friends JO^Îi…Õ Vamsi ^•Î#=O`Ç°_È°. 9. Jxß YO_¨•…Õ Asia Ì„^Îík.
Vamsi is the richest of all our friends. Asia is the largest of all the continents.
5. HÒ~¡=ô•O^Îi…Õ ^•Î°~˼^•Î#°_È° K³_"ÛÈ Œ_È°. 10. Cancer KŒ…ì „
ã =
¬ ¶^ÎH~› "¡ °³ #
Ø "Œ¼k•.
Dhuryodhana was the worst of all the Cancer is the most dangerous
Kauravas. disease.
451
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: 94406 16425 .

12. q‰×Þ<Œ^•£ ‹²x=¶•xßO\÷…Õ ‰×OH›~Œƒ•’~}¡ O EXERCISE

L`Çë=°"³°Ø#k. D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•° …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
Sankarabharanam is the best of all the
"ŒH›English
¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate
movies of Sri Viswanath. KÍ1.†°Ç O_•.
"³òQ®…˜ ~ŒA•O^Îi…Õ JH›Ä~Ÿ Q®ù„¬æ"Œ_È°.
13. „¬t=
ó °^͉§•…Õx Jxß ƒ•ì+¬•…Õ Italian 2. P family members JO^Îi…Õ "Œi Ì„^Îí
=°^•Î°~¡"°³ #Ø k. 䛽=¶~¡°_È° KŒ…ì =°Oz"Œ_È°.
Italian is the sweetest of all the western 3. ã „ ¬ ‹ ¬ ° ë ` Ç O =ô#ß <Œ†Ç ° ä› ½ •O^Î i …Õ
languages. =°<Ëà‚¬ì<£‹²OQ· x*ì~òf„¬~¡°_È°.
14. =¶ class …Õ Mahesh JO^ÎiH›O>è H›+„“¬ _¬ • 4. ‡•=ò•xß O \÷ … Õ ã ` ŒKÇ ° ‡•=ò
„¬xKÍÀ‹ q^¥¼iÖ. ㄬ=¶^ÎH›~¡"³°Ø#k.
Mahesh is the most hard working of 5. tY~Œ•xßO\÷…Õ Everest Z`³ëå#k.
all the students in our class. 6. India …Õx cities JxßO\÷…Õ Kolkatta
15. P†Ç°# #•°Q®°~¡° Hù_Ȱ䛽•…Õ ~¡=°} Ì„^Îík.
Ì„^Îí"Œ_È°. 7. =ò‹² Á O • „¬ O _È ° Q® • xß O \÷ … Õ ~¡ O *ì<£
Mr. Ramana is the eldest of his four =òY¼"³°Ø#k.
sons.
8. †Ç°O_È=üi #=••xßO\÷…Õ 'Ja•…ì+¬Ñ
16. Shakespeare dramas JxßO\÷…Õ Mid- P‹¬H÷ëH›~¡OQê =ôO@°Ok.
summer Night's Dream ‚¬ 𠋬 ¼ =òQê
9. =°# state …Õ Jxß l…ìÁ • …Õ West
LO@°Ok. Godavari ƒìQê develop J~ò#k.
Mid-summer Night's Dream is the most
humourous of all Shakespeare's
10. _••bÁ…Õx hotels JxßO\÷ … Õ Asoka
dramas.
q…심=O`Ç"³°Ø#k.
17. =¶ town …Õ hotels JxßO\÷…Õ Mourya
11. =°# state …Õx H› @ “ _ ¨•xß O @\÷ … Õ
Charminar ‡ ã •p#"³°#Ø k.
Ì„^Îík.
Hotel Mourya is the biggest of all the 12. „ ã ‹¬ °¬ `ë OÇ =°#^Í‰× ‹¬=°‹¬¼•xßO\÷…Õ Hêjà~¡°
hotels in our town. ‹¬=°‹¬¼ H÷Á+¬“"³°Ø#k.
18. =°# ^Í ‰ × O …Õx #^Î ° •xß O \÷ … Õ Q® O Q® 13. Dr. Y.S. =°Oãu=~¡O¾ JO^Î~i…Õ N ~ˉ׆°Ç ¼
„¬qã`Ç"³°Ø#k. J#°ƒ•’=Aý•°.
The Ganges is the holiest of all the 14. D ‹¬O=`Ç•~¡O movies JxßO\÷ … Õ
rivers in our country. 'N ~Œ=°^¥‹¬°Ñ L`Çë=°"³°Ø#k.
19. WO_•†Ç¶…Õx H›@_
“ ¨•xßO\÷…Õ Taj Mahal
JO^Î"³°Ø#k.
The Taj Mahal is the most beautiful of
all the constructions in India.
Z
Success comes through planned hard-work. 452
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SUPERLATIVE DEGREE - 'ONE OF THE'

XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° XH› =¼H÷,ë ‹¬•Ö =ò, =‹¬°=
ë ô, J^Í •H›}
Æ =ò,
Q®°}=ò Q®ey# "Œi…ÕXH›xQê ‡éeó K³„¬CKÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J ㄬ„¬OKÇO…Õx Qù„¬æ ^͉§•…Õ India XH›\÷.
J NTR, ƒ•ì#°=°u #\÷Oz# =°Oz movies …Õ '=°bÁ‰×ÞiÑ XH›\÷.
J =°# ~ŒRO…Õx historical cities …Õ =~¡OQ®…˜ XH›\÷.
J „
ã =¬ ¶^ÎH~› "¡ °³ #Ø "Œ¼^•Î°•…Õ Cancer XH›\÷.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° XH› •H›Æ}=ò Q®ey# "Œ~¡O^Îi…Õ XH›xQê XH› =¼H÷ë, =‹¬°ë=ô#° ‡é•°ó@#°
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê XH› =¼H÷,ë ‹¬•Ö =ò, =‹¬°=ë ô J^Í •H›}Æ =ò Q®ey# "Œ~¡O^Îi…Õ 'XH›xQêÑ XH› =¼H÷,ë =‹¬°=ë ô#°
‡é•°ó@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Subject + Verb + one of the + Adjective (est / most) + Plural Noun "
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
Note : 1. D model …Õ 'one of the' J#° phrase `Ç„¬æH›=KÇ°ó#°.
2. Adjective 䛽 'est' Qêx, =òO^ν 'most' Qêh =KÇ°ó#°.
3. Adjective `Ç~¡°"Œ`Ç Noun Plural Number …Õ LO_È=…ÿ#°.
EXAMPLES
1. =°# ^͉O× …Õx x*ì~òf Q®• <Œ†Ç°ä›½•…Õ 5. ㄬ„¬OKÇO…Õx Qù„¬æ^͉§•…Õ India XH›\÷.
Manmohan Singh XH›~¡°. India is one of the greatest countries
Manmohan Singh is one of the most in the world.
honest leaders in our country. 6. D line …Õ fast Qê #_•KÍ trains …Õ G.T.
2. n‡•=o ‚² ì O^Î ° =ô• =òY¼"³ ° Ø # Express XH›\÷.
„¬O_È°Q®•…Õ XH›\÷. The G.T. Express is one of the fastest
Diwali is one of the most important trains on this line.
festivals for the Hindus. 7. „
ã „
¬ O¬ KÇO…Õx H›+"“¬ °³ #
Ø ƒ•ì+¬•…Õ Chinese
3. English …Õ Zä› ½ ø= ‹¬ ~ ¡ ° ø¼…è + ¬ < £ Q® • XH›\÷.
„¬ãuH›•…Õ Hindu XH›\÷. Chinese is one of the most difficult
The Hindu is one of the largest languages.
circulated dalies in English. 8. =¶ l…ìÁ…Õx sincere officers …Õ P†Ç°#
4. India …Õx popular actors …Õ Amitab XH›~¡°.
XH›~¡°. He is one of the most sincere officers
Amitab Batchan is one of the most in our district.
popular actors in India.

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9. ã „ ¬ „ ¬ O KÇ O …Õx Qù„¬ æ ã H ÷ ï H \˜ P@Qêˆ× ¤ … ÕÁ EXERCISE

Sachin XH›~¡°.
D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•°
"ŒH›English …ÕxH÷ translate
¼=ò•° English K͆°Ç O_•.
…ÕxH÷ translate
Sachin Tendulkar is one of the best
Cricket players in the world. KÍ1.†°Ç O_•.
<Í\÷ ㄬ„¬OKÇ ãH÷ïH\˜…Õx L`Çë=° captain
10. 21 century …Õ Ja•=$kœ K³Ok# ^͉§•…Õ
[‡•<£ XH›\.÷ •…Õ Ricky Ponting XH›_È°.
Japan is one of the most developed 2. K³<³ßå "³ˆõ¤ ^ÎQ®¾~¡ routes …Õ Wk XH›\÷.
countries in the 21 st century. 3. ㄬ„¬OKÇO…Õx ‡Ú_È"³á# #^ΰ•…Õ q°‹²‹²„²
11. ㄬ„¬OKÇO…Õx ㇕p# #Q®~Œ•…Õ ~Ë"£° XH›\÷.
XH›\÷.
Rome is one of the most ancient cities 4. Shakespeare ‹¬$+²“Oz# =òY¼"³°Ø#
in the world. characters …Õ Brutus XH›\÷.
12. `³•°Q®°…Õx L`Çë=° zã`Œ•…Õ =°bÁ‰×Þi 5. ‡•• L`Ç æ `Ç ° ë • …Õx ~¡ ° zH› ~ ¡ " ³ ° Ø #
XH›\÷. „¬^¥~¡œ=ò•…Õ A#°ß XH›\÷.
Malliswari is one of the best movies in
6. ㄬ„¬OKÇO…Õx |•"³°Ø# ^͉§•…Õ USA
Telugu. XH›\÷.
13. =°#䛽 ƒìQê L„¬†³¶Q®„¬_È° [O`Ç°=ô•…Õ
horse XH›\÷. 7. [<Œƒ•ì Z䛽ø=Qê =ôO_Í #Q®~Œ•…Õ
Hyderabad XH›\÷.
The horse is one of the most useful
animals. 8. ㄬ„¬OKÇO…Õx ‰§Oux ãÀ„q°OKÍ ^͉§•…Õ
14. =¶ school …Õ H›+„“¬ _
¬ • „¬xKÍ‹
À teachers WO_•†Ç¶ XH›\.÷
…Õ N ~¡=°} XH›~¡°. 9. ^͉׃•’H÷ë Q®• <Œ†Ç°ä›½•…Õ Subhash
Sri Ramana is one of the most hard Chandra Bose XH›~¡°.
working teachers in our school.
15. q•°"³á# …Õ‚¬ð•…Õ |OQê~¡O XH›\÷. 10. L„¬†³¶Q®H›~¡"³°Ø# …Õ‚¬ð•…Õ W#°=ò
Gold is one of the most precious
XH›\÷.
metals. 11. WO_•†Ç¶…Õx KÇ•Áx ㄬ^͉§•…Õ T\÷
16. =¶ town …Õx busy centres …Õ Gandhi XH›\÷.
Road XH›\÷. 12. ‡ã •p# ƒ•ì+¬•…Õ Latin XH›\÷.
Gandhi Road is one of the busiest
13. P‹¬H÷ëH›~¡"³°Ø# P@•…Õ ãH÷ïH\˜ XH›\÷.
centres in our town.
17. Hêo^¥‹¬° <Œ@Hê•…Õ P‹¬HHë÷ ~› "
¡ °³ #
Ø "Œ\÷…Õ 14. QÒ~¡ = ã „ ¬ ^ Î " ³ ° Ø # *ìf†Ç ° J"Œ~¡ ° Û • …Õ
‰×䛽O`Ç• XH›\÷. „¬^àÎ ƒ•’¶+¬}Ÿ XH›\.÷
Sakuntala is one of the most 15. =°Oz P~ËQ®¼H›~" ¡ °³ #
Ø P‚¬ð~¡„^
¬ ¥~¡=
œ ò•…Õ
instersting dramas of Kalidasa. QË^•Î°=° XH›\.÷
18. „
ã „
¬ O¬ KÇO…Õx JO^Î"°³ #
Ø „
ã ^
¬ ‰Í §•…Õ Hêjà~¡° 16. =°# cricket team …Õx KÇ ° ~¡ ° ï H á #
XH›\÷. P@Qêˆ×¤…Õ ‹¬°ö~+¹ ï~á<Œ XH›_È°.
Kashmir is one of the most beautiful
places in the world. Z
Excellence is the result of striving to do better. 454
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COMPARATIVE DEGREE - 'THAN ANY OTHER'

XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° XH› =¼H÷,ë ‹¬•Ö =ò, =‹¬°=
ë ô, J^Í •H›}
Æ =ò,
Q®°}=ò Q®ey# q°Q®`Œ ㄬu XH›øi`Ë ‡éeó K³„¬CKÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO q°Q®`Œ ㄬu XH›ø course H›O>è MCA =°Ozk.
J =¶ class …Õ q°Q®`Œ ㄬu XH›ø student H›O>è Ramesh `³e"³á# "Œ_È°.
J `³•°Q®°…Õ q°Q®`Œ ㄬu XH›ø hero H›O>è z~¡Orq popularity Q®•"Œ_È°.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° XH› =¼H÷ëx J^Í Q®°}=ò H›ey# q°ye# ㄬu XH›øi`Ë ‡é•°ó@#½
‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê XH› =¼H÷,ë ‹¬•Ö =ò, [O`Ç°=ô, =‹¬°=ë ô#° J^Í •H›}Æ =ò, Q®°}=ò H›ey# q°ye# „ã u¬ XH›øi`Ë
‡éeó K³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Subject + Verb + Adjective (er /more) + than any other + Singular Noun"
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
* Note :
1. D degree …Õ adjective 䛽 'er' Qêh, =òO^ΰ 'more' Qêh =KÇ°ó#°.
2. 'Than any other' `Ç~¡°"Œ`Ç Noun 'Singular Number' …Õ LO_È=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. q°ye# ㄬu XH› ~ŒA H›O>è Sancho 6. ª•Þ`ÇOã`Ç ‡é~Œ@O…Õ q°ye# ㄬu XH›
Panza `³e"³á#"Œ_È°. L^μ=°O H›O>è =O^Í=¶`Ç~O¡ =òY¼"³°#
Ø k.
Sancho Panza was wiser than any Vandemataram was more important
other king. than any other movement during the
2. q°ye# ㄬu XH› [O`Ç°=ô H›O>è elephant freedom struggle.
Ì„^Îík. 7. `³•°Q®°…Õ q°ye# „
ã u
¬ XH› producer H›O>è
The elephant is bigger than any other N~Œ=¶<Œ†Çò_È° J#°ƒ•’=Aý_°È .
animal. Sri Ramanaidu is more experienced
3. E-TV …Õ q°ye# ㄬu XH› programme than any other producer in Telugu.
H›O>è '„ã u
¬ ^•ÎÞxÑ interesting Qê LO@°Ok. 8 q°ye# ㄬu XH› batsman H›O>è Sehwag
Prathidhwani is more interesting than |Oux |•OQê Hù_È`Œ_È°.
any other programme on E-TV. Sehwag hits the ball harder than any
4. English …Õ q°ye# ㄬu XH› ~¡KÇ~ò`Ç other batsman.
H›O>è Shakespeare Qù„¬æ"Œ_È°. 9. q°ye# ㄬu XH› course H›O>è MCA
Shakespeare is greater than any =°Ozk.
other writer in English. M.C.A. is better than any other course.
5. A.P …Õ q°ye# ã „ ¬ u XH› city H› O >è 10. q°ye# ã „ ¬ u XH› l…ìÁ H› O >è west
Hyderabad Ì„^Îík. Godavari ƒìQê develop J~ò#k.
Hyderabad is bigger than any other West Godavari is more developed
city in A.P. than any other district.
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11. q°ye# „ ã u
¬ XH› Jk•Hêi H›O>è P†Ç°# EXERCISE
sincere Qê =ôO\ì_È°.
He is more sincere than any other D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•°
"ŒH›English …ÕxH÷ translate
¼=ò•° English K͆°Ç O_•.
…ÕxH÷ translate
officer.
K͆°Ç O_•.
12 q°ye# ã „ ¬ u XH› college H› O >è =¶ 1. q°ye# ㄬu XH› T.V. set H›O>è Sony TV
college ãH›=° tH›Æ} H›ey#k.
set Ys^³á#k.
Our college is more disciplined than
any other college. 2. =¶ school q°ye# „ ã u
¬ XH› teacher H›O>è
13. Team …Õx q°ye# ㄬu XH› fielder H›O>è N ~¡=°} ƒìQê teach Kͪ•ë~°¡ .
Yuva Raj KÇ°~¡°ïHá#"Œ_È°. 3. =¶ l…ìÁ…Õx q°ye# ㄬu XH› college
Yuvaraj is more active than any other H› O >è =¶ college =°Oz „¦ ¬ e `Œ•°
fielder in the team. ª•k•‹¬°Oë k.
14. q°ye# ㄬu XH› „¬O_È°Q® H›O>è =¶ä›½ 4. q°ye# ã „ ¬ u XH› ~¡ K Ç ~ ò`Ç H› O >è N
LQêk =òY¼"³°Ø#k. †Ç°O_È=üi P‹¬HHë÷ ~› O¡ Qê " ã Œª•ë~°¡ .
Ugadi is more important than any
other festival to us. 5. q°ye# ㄬu XH› batsman H›O>è Dhoni
quick Qê runs score Kͪ•ë_°È .
15. q°ye# ㄬu XH› subject H›O>è physics
H›+¬“"³°Ø#k. 6. q°ye# ㄬu XH› <Œ†Ç°ä›½x H›O>è N
Physics is more difficult than any KÇO^ ã ƒ Î ì|° KÇ°~¡°ä›½Qê „¬xKͪ•ë~°¡ .
other subject. 7. x#ß dinner …Õ q°ye# „ ã u
¬ XH› item H›O>è
16. q°ye# ㄬu XH› ~ŒRO H›O>è Punjab Gulab Jamn ~¡°zH›~¡OQê =ô#ßk.
ƒìQê Ja•=$kœ K³Ok#k. 8. P movie …Õ q°ye# „ ã u¬ XH› ‡•@ H›O>è
The Punjab is more developed than
any other state. title song melodious Qê L#ßk.

17. P ~ËA•…Õ q°ye# ㄬu XH› #\÷ H›O>è
ª•qãu =°Oz talent H›ey#@°=O\÷"Œ~¡°.
Savitri was more talented than any
other actress in those days.
18. P ~ËA•…Õ Telugu Heroes …Õ q°ye#
ㄬu XH›øiH›O>è NTR popular #@°_È°.
N.T.R. was more popular than any
other hero in Telugu in those days.
19. P ~ËA•…Õ q°ye# ㄬu XH› bowler H›O>è
H›„²…˜^Í"£ KŒ…ì ƒìQê bowl KÍÀ‹"Œ~¡°.
Kapil Dev used to bowl better than any
other bowler in those days.
20. =¶ town …Õ q°ye# ㄬu XH› theatre
H›O>è [†Ç°~ŒO ‡•`Çk.
Jayaram is older than any other
theatre in our town.
Simple and honest life gives happiness to a happy man.
9. Julius Ceaser drama …Õ q°ye# „ ã u ¬ XH›
character H›O>è Cassius K³_ÈÛ"Œ~¡°.
10. „ ã ‹ ¬ °¬ `ë OÇ cricket …Õ q°ye# „ ã u
¬ XH› team
H›O>è Indian team strong Qê L#ßk.
11. `³•°Q®°…Õ q°ye# ㄬu XH›øi H›O>è N
ã|‚¬ðà#O^ÎO crazy comedian.
12. q°ye# ã „ ¬ u XH› fruit H› O >è apple
P~ËQ®¼H›~¡"³°Ø#k.
13. q°ye# ㄬu XH› project H›O>è ‡é•=~¡O
Ì„^Îík.
14. =°# ~ŒRO…Õ q°ye# ㄬu XH› bus-
station H›O>è ''Wg°Á|<£Ñ |‹¹À‹“+¬<£ Ì„^Îík.
Z
456
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COMPARATIVE DEGREE - 'THAN MANY OTHER'

XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë =¶\ìÁ_°È KÇ°#ß„C¬ _È° XH› =¼H÷,ë ‹¬•Ö =ò, =‹¬°=
ë ô J^Í •H›}
Æ =ò,
Q®°}=ò Q®ey# q°Q®`Œ KŒ…ì=°Ok`Ë ‡éeó K³„¬CKÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J q°Q®`Œ KŒ…ì =°Ok <Œ†Ç°ä›½• H›O>è Manmohan Singh x*ì~òf„¬~¡°_È°.
J q°ye# KŒ…ì states H›O>è A.P. Ja•=$kœ K³Ok# ~ŒRO.
J Cricket …Õ ã„¬‹¬°ë`ÇO q°ye# KŒ…ì teams H›O>è Indian team strong Qê L#ßk.
J ㄬ„¬OKÇO…Õ q°ye# KŒ…ì ^͉§• H›O>è India Qù„¬æ ^͉×O.
Ì„á "ŒH›¼=ò•° XH› =¼H÷ë, =‹¬°ë=ô#° q°ye# KŒ…ì =°Ok`Ë ‡éeó K³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°KÇ°#ßq.
D q^•Î=òQê XH› =¼H÷,ë ‹¬•Ö =ò, =‹¬°=ë ô#° J^Í •H›}Æ =ò, Q®°}=ò H›ey# q°ye# KŒ…ì =°Ok`Ë
‡éeó K³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Subject + Verb + adjective (er / more) + than many other + Plural Noun"
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
* Note :
1. Adjective 䛽 'er' Qêh, =òO^ΰ 'more' Qêh L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.
2. 'Than many other' `Ç~¡°"Œ`Ç Plural Number Noun =KÇ°ó#°.

EXAMPLES
1. q°ye# KŒ…ì f~¡Ö ‹¬Ö…ì• H›O>è u~¡°=°• 5. ^͉×O…Õx q°ye# KŒ…ì ~Œ¢‘•“• H›O>è
„¬qã`Ç"³°Ø#k. POã^•Î„ã ^
¬ ‰Í ˜ „Ì ^Îk
í .
Tirumala is holier than many other Andhra Pradesh is larger than many
pilgrim centres. other states in our country.
2. q°ye# KŒ…ì =°Ok ~¡K~Ç ò`Ç• H›O>è _¨II 6. q°ye# KŒ…ì P@• H› O >è ã H ÷ ï H \˜
‹².<Œ~Œ†Ç°} ~ï _•Û „
À ~¡°Q®•"Œ~¡°. interesting Qê LO@°Ok.
Dr. C. Narayana Reddy is more Cricket is more interesting than many
popular than many other writers. other games.
3. q°ye# KŒ…ì =°Ok teachers H›O>è 7. q°ye# KŒ…ì „¬O_ÈÁ H›O>è =¶q°_•
P†Ç°# "Í°•°. f~òxk.
He is better than many other Mango is sweeter than many other
teachers. fruits.
4. ~ŒRO…Õ q°ye# KŒ…ì l…ìÁ• H›O>è 8. English …Õ q°ye# KŒ…ì =°Ok poets
„
ã H¬ ê‰×O Ja•=$kœ K³Ok#k. H›O>è John Keats Qù„¬æ"Œ_È°.
Prakasam is more developed than John Keats is greater than many other
many other districts in our state. poets in English.

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9. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO =°# ^͉×O…Õ q°ye# KŒ…ì
‹¬ = °‹¬ ¼ • H› O >è Hêjà~¡ ° H÷ Á + ¬ “ " ³ ° Ø # k.
Kashmir problem is more critical than
many other problems in our country.
10. Delhi …Õ q°ye# KŒ…ì hotels H› O >è
Ashoka q…심=O`Ç"³°Ø#k.
Ashoka is more luxurious than many
other hotels in Delhi.
11. q°ye# KŒ…ì ㇕Of†Ç° ‡•s“• H›O>è
ㄬ[•ä›½ `³•°Q®°^͉×O "Í°•° KÍ‹²Ok.
The Telugu Desam Party did better
than many other regional parties for
the people.
12. q°ye# KŒ…ì =°Ok ~¡KÇ~ò`Ç• H›O>è
†Ç°O_È=üi popularity Q®•"Œ~¡°.
Sri Yandamuri is more popular than
many other writers.
13. q°ye# KŒ…ì =°Ok players H›O>è •H›;}Ÿ
ƒìQê P_È°`Œ_È°.
Lakshman plays better than many
other players.
14. q°ye# KŒ…ì dictionaries H›O>è Orient
Longman standard J~ò#k.
The Orient Longman dictionary is more
standard than many other
dictionaries.
15. q°ye# KŒ…ì =°Ok H›O>è J`Ç_°È H›+„
⬠_
¬ •
„¬xKÍÀ‹ =¼H÷ë.
He is more hardworking than many
other persons.
16. q°ye# KŒ…ì =°Ok actors H› O >è
Mahesh Babu ƒìQê act Kͪ•ë_°È .
Mahesh Babu acts better than many
other actors.
17. q°ye# KŒ…ì cities H›O>è
ㄬ‰§O`ÇOQê =ôO@°Ok.
Bangalore is more peaceful than
many other cities.
The life of a happyman is a great gift of God.
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EXERCISE
D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•° …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
"ŒH›English
¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate
K͆°Ç O_•.
1. q°ye# KŒ…ì =°Ok workers H›O>è J`Ç_°È
x*ì~òf„¬~¡°_È°.
2. q°ye# KŒ…ì books H›O>è Wk g°ä›½
L„¬†³¶Q®H›~¡"³°Ø#k.
4. Chennai "³ˆ×ä@䛽 q°ye# KŒ…ì trains
H› O >è „² < ŒH÷ x ZH± • ã Ì „ ‹¹ ªÏH› ~ ¡ ¼ OQê
=ôO@°Ok.
5. q°ye# KŒ…ì =°Ok singsters H›O>è S.P.
talent Q®•"Œ~¡°.
6. D sweet stall …Õ q°ye# KŒ…ì items
H› O >è Mysore pawk ~¡ ° zH› ~ ¡ O Qê
=ôO@°Ok.
7. q°ye# KŒ…ì HË~¡ ° •• H› O >è MBA
L„¬†³¶Q®H›~¡OQê =ôO@°Ok.
8. q°ye# KŒ…ì Hê~¡Á H›O>è =¶~¡°u KñH›Qê
=ô#ßk.
9. q°ye# KŒ…ì flowers H›O>è ebÁ „¬î=ô
bright Qê =ôO@°Ok.
10. q°ye# KŒ…ì =°Ok PiÖH› =°Oã`Ç°•H›O>è
N ~ˉ׆ǰ¼ |_³û\˜ ƒìQê `džǶ~¡° K͉§~¡°.
11. North India …Õ q°ye# KŒ…ì ‡•s“• H›O>è
BJP |•"³°Ø#k.
12. q°ye# KŒ…ì =°Ok music Directors
H› O >è N H© ~ ¡ " Œ}÷ melodious tunes
compose Kͪ•ë~°¡ .
13. q°ye# KŒ…ì =°Ok q^¥¼"Í`Çë• H›O>è N
KÇ°Hêø ~Œ=°†Ç°¼ J#°ƒ•’==òQ®•"Œ~¡°.
14. q°ye# KŒ…ì Q®°}=ò• H›O>è x*ì~òf
Bangalore L#ß`Ç"³°Ø#k.
Z
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THAN
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò W^Îí~¡° =¼ä›½ë•#°, ï~O_È° =‹¬°ë=ô•#° XH› ^¥x`Ë WOHùH› ^¥xx
‡éeóK³„¬CKÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J W@b H›O>è WO_•†Ç¶ Qù„¬æ^͉=× ò.
J Foot ball H›O>è cricket P‹¬H÷ëH›~¡OQê LO@°Ok.
J <Œ H›O>è J`Ç_È° Ex†Ç°~Ÿ.
J Bangalore H›O>è Mysore JO^Î"³°Ø# #Q®~¡=ò.

D q^•Î=òQê W^Îí~¡° =¼ä›½ë•#°Qêx, ï~O_È° =‹¬°ë=ô•#°Qêx XH› •H›Æ}=ò…Õ XH›ix WOHùH›i`Ë,

XH›^¥xx WOHùH›^¥x`Ë ‡éeó K³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
First Subject + Verb + Adjective (er / more) + than + Second Subject
L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note :
1. Adjective 䛽 'er' Qêh, =òO^ΰ 'more' Qêh L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

EXAMPLES
1. Mumbai H›O>è Kolkatta Ì„^Îí #Q®~¡=ò. 6. Foot ball H›O>è Cricket P‹¬H÷ëH›~¡"³°Ø#k.
Kolkatta is larger than Mumbai. Cricket is more interesting than foot
2. Mathematics H›O>è Physics H›+¬“=ò. ball.
Physics is more difficult than 7. Zaheer Khan H›O>è Agarkar fast Qê bowl
Mathematics. Kͪ•ë_°È .
Agarkar bowls faster than
3. J‰Õ䛽_È° H›O>è JH›Ä~Ÿ Qù„¬æ"Œ_È°. Zaheerkhan.
Akbar was grater than Ashoka.
8. <ŒQê…ìO_£ ‹¬=°‹¬¼ H›O>è Hêjà~¡° ‹¬=°‹¬¼
4. =ò‹²OÁ •ä›½ |ãH^
© £ H›O>è ~¡O*ì<£ =òY¼"³°#
Ø H÷Á+¬“"³°Ø#k.
„¬O_È°Q®. The Kashmir problem is more critical
Ramzan is more important than than the Nagaland problem.
Bakrid for the Muslims. 9. Mount Blanc H›O>è Everest Z`³ ë å # k.
5. B.J.P.…Õ N J^¥Þh H›O>è N "Œ*˜À„~ò Mount Everest is higher than Mount
J#°ƒ•’=Aý•°. Blanc.
Sri Vajpayee is more experienced 10. "³O_• H›O>è |OQê~¡=ò q•°"³#
á k.
than Sri Advani in the B.J.P. Gold is more precious than silver

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11. Sanskrit H› O >è Hindi ‹¬°•ƒ•’"³°Ø#k. EXERCISE

Hindi is easier than Sanskrit.
D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•°
"ŒH›English …ÕxH÷ translate
¼=ò•° English K͆°Ç O_•.
…ÕxH÷ translate
12. =¶ cousin H› O >è <Í # ° Ì„^Îí"Œ_•x.
I am elder to my cousin.
K͆°Ç O_•.
1. Chemistry H›O>è Physics P‹¬H÷ëH›~¡OQê
13. K³<ß³å #°Oz Bangalore H›O>è Hyderabad LO@°Ok.
^ζ~¡=ò.
Hyderabad is farther than Bangalore
2. H›$‘•â#k H›O>è QË^¥=i „¬q`ã "
Ç °³ #
Ø k.
from Chennai. 3. hH›O>è J`Ç_È° =òO^ΰQê =zó<Œ_È°.
14. „¬ ^ Î à N H› O >è „¬ ^ Î à ƒ•’ ¶ +¬ } Ÿ Zä› ½ ø= 4. ㄬ‹¬°ë`ÇO Australia H›O>è India team
QÒ~¡=ㄬ^Î"³°Ø#k. strong Qê L#ßk.
Padmabhushan is more honourable
than Padmasri. 5. Abhishek H›O>è Amittab ƒìQê act
Kͪ•ë_°È .
15. "Œ}÷N H›O>è ª•qãu ‹Ôx†Ç°~Ÿ.
Savitri is senior to Vanisri. 6. hH›O>è J`Ç_°È Z䛽ø= ‹¬O‡•kª•ë_°È .
16. =¶ Chemistry lectrurer H›O>è Physics 7. Q® ° ã ~ ¡ O H› O >è lOH› "Í Q ® O Qê
lectrurer ƒìQê teach Kͪ•ë~°¡ . „¬~¡°ïQ`Ç°ë`Ç°Ok.
Our Physics lecturer teaches better
than our Chemistry lecturer.
8. J`Çx H›O>è P"³° Z䛽ø= J~¡Ý`Ç H›ey#k.
17. Ì ‹ ‚¬ ð ÞQ· H› O >è ^•Ëh |Oux |•OQê 9. Q®`OÇ …Õ Ganguly lead KÍ‹#
² ^¥xH›O>è
Hù_È`Œ_È°. ƒìQê Dravid team x lead KÍ‹¬°ë<Œß_È°.
Dhoni hits the ball harder than 10. P movie …Õ Hero H›O>è Heroine ƒìQê
Sehwag. (does) act KÍ‹²Ok.
18. J`ÇxH›O>è <Í#° ƒìQê interview K͉§#°. 11. Jxß q+¬†¶
Ç •…Õ hH›O>è <Í#° superior.
I did the interview better than he.
12. Harbhajan H›O>è Anil Kumble |Oux
19. Bangalore H›O>è Mysore JO^Î"³°Ø#k.
ƒìQê spin Kͪ•ë_°È .
Mysore is more beautiful than
Bangalore. 13. Pinakini Express H›O>è GT Express
fast Qê #_È°‹¬°ëOk.
20. Webster Dictionary H› O >è Oxford
Dictionary standard Qê LO@°Ok. 14. =¶H›O>è "Œ~¡° ^•Î#=O`Ç°•°.
The Oxford Dictionary is more
standard than the Webster Dictionary.

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NO OTHER
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò XH› =¼H÷x
ë , =‹¬°=
ë ô#° XH› •H›}
Æ =ò…Õ WH› 'JO`Ç\"
÷ Œï~=~¡¶…è~°¡ Ñ Jx
K³„¬CKÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J Asia YO_È=ò…Õ WO_•†Ç¶ JO`Ç\÷ Qù„¬æ ^͉= × ò WOHùH›\÷ …è^°Î .
J =¶ friends …Õ Ashok JO`Ç `³e"³á#"Œ_È° WOHùH›~¡° …è_È°.
J =¶ä›½ Physics JO`Ç\÷ H›+¬“"³°Ø# subject WOHùH›\÷ …è^ΰ.
J `³•°Q®°…Õ NTR JO`Ç\÷ Qù„¬æ #@°_È° WOHùH›~¡° …è~¡°.

D q^•Î=òQê XH› =¼H÷xë , ‹¬•Ö =ò#°, =‹¬°=ë ô †³òH›ø XH› •H›}Æ =ò Q®°iOz K³„C¬ KǶ ÑWH› J@°=O\÷"Œ~¡°,
JO`Ç\÷"Œ~¡° "Í~ùH›~¡° …è~¡°Ñ J#° J~¡Ö=ò`Ë K³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Noother + Singular Noun + Verb + so - as + Subject" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note :
1. 'No other" `Ç~¡°"Œ`Ç Noun Singular Number …Õ LO_È=…ÿ#°.
2. 'So-as' =°^μ…Õ adjective 䛽 Ug° add Hê^ΰ.

EXAMPLES
1. Shakespeare JO`Ç\÷ Qù„¬æ <Œ@H› ~¡K~
Ç ò`Ç 5. SanskritJO`Ç \ ÷ ã ‡ •p#"³ ° Ø # ƒ•ì+¬
WOHùH›~¡° …è~¡°. WO_•†Ç ¶ …Õ WOHùH› \ ÷ …è ^ Î ° .
No other dramatist is so great as No other language in India is so ancient
Shakespeare. as Sanskrit.
2. Sachin JO`Ç\÷ =°Oz batsman WOHùH›~°¡ 6. =¶ =îi…Õ J`Çx JO`Ç K³_ÛÈ =¼H÷ë WOHùH›~°¡
…è~¡°. …è~¡°.
No other batsman is so good as No other man in our village is so bad
Sachin. as he (is).
3. Everest JO`Ç\÷ Z`³áë# tM~¡O ㄬ„¬OKÇO…Õ 7. z~¡Orq JO`Ç\÷ popular #@°_È° `³•°Q®°…Õ
WOHùH›\÷ …è^ΰ. WOHùH›~¡° …è~¡°.
No other peak in the world is so high No other actor in Telugu is so popular
as Everest. as Chiranjivi.
4. U.S.A. JO`Ç\÷ |•"³°#
Ø ^͉O× WOHùH›\÷ …è^°Î . 8. ‹²Hø÷ O JO`Ç\÷ z#ß ~ŒRO WO_•†Ç¶…Õ
No other nation is so strong as the WOHùH›\÷ …è^ΰ.
U.S.A. No other state in India is so small as
Sikkim.

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9. Oxford Dictionary JO`Ç \ ÷ L„¬ † ³ ¶ Q® EXERCISE

H›~¡"³°Ø# |°H± WOHùH›\÷ …è^ΰ.
No other book is so useful as the
Oxford Dictionary.
10. Mr. Rao JO`Ç\÷ J#°ƒ•’==òQ®• teacher
=¶ ‹¬¶ø•°…Õ WOHùH›~¡° …è~¡°.
No other teacher in our school is so
experienced as Mr. Rao.
11. `ã ŒKÇ°‡•=ò JO`Ç\÷ „
ã =
¬ ¶^ÎH~› "¡ °³ #
Ø ‡•=ò
WOHùH›\÷ …è^ΰ.
No other snake is so dangerous as a
cobra.
12. ¢ïHዬë=ô•ä›½ Christmas JO`Ç\÷ =òM¼"³°Ø#
„¬O_È°Q® WOHùH›\÷ …è^ΰ.
No other festival for the Christians is so
important as Christmas.
13. =°#^͉×O…Õ Q®OQê#k JO`Ç\÷ „¬qã`Ç"³°Ø#
#k WOHùH›\÷ …è^ΰ.
No other river in our country is so holy
as the Ganges.
14. h JO`Ç\÷ ^ΰ~Œà~¡°¾_È° WOHùH›_È° LO_È_È°.
No other person is so wicked as you
(are).
15. Indian team …Õ =ò<Œ„¦¹ „¬>è…˜ JO`Ç fast
Qê bowl KÍÀ‹ bowler WOHùH›~¡° …è~¡°.
No other bowler in the Indian team
bowls so fast as Munaf Patel.
16. =¶ Madhavi Madam JO`Ç ƒìQê
KÍÀ‹"Œ~¡° WOHùH›~¡° …è~¡°.
No other teacher in our school teaches
so well as Mrs. Madhavi.
17. Bible ã „ ¬ H ê~¡ = ò, U‹¬ ° ã H © ‹ ¬ ° ë JO`Ç \ ÷
Q®ù„¬æ^Í=ô_È° D q‰×ÞO…Õ WOHùH›~¡° …è~¡°.
According to the Bible, no other God in
the universe is so great as Jesus Christ.
Success is a fulfilment of your burning desire.
D "ŒH›D
¼=ò•° …ÕxH÷ translate K͆°Ç O_•.
"ŒH›English
¼=ò•° English …ÕxH÷ translate
K͆°Ç~Œ=¶†Ç
1. O_•. °}O JO`Ç\÷ „¬q`ã Ç Qã O® ^ŠOÎ WOHùH›\÷
…è^ΰ.
2. Shakespeare <Œ@Hê•…Õ Mid-summer
Nights Dream JO`Ç \ ÷ ‚¬ 𠋬 ¼ „¬ ~ ¡ " ³ ° Ø # k
WOHùH›\÷ …è^ΰ.
3. Romantic Age …Õ John Keats JO`Ç\÷
Qù„¬æ H›q WOHùH›~¡° …è~¡°.
4. =°# team …Õ Sehwag JO`Ç Q®\÷“Qê ball
x hit KÍÀ‹ batsman WOHùH›~¡° …è~¡°.
5. N =°<£"³¶‚¬ì<£‹²OQ· JO`Ç\÷ KŒH›KÇH›¡¼OQê
„
ã ƒ¬ •’°`ŒÞxß #_È„Q¬ •® <Œ†Ç°ä›½_È° „ ã ‹¬ °¬ `ë OÇ
WOHùH›~¡° …è~¡°.
6. =¶ workers …Õ J`Ç x JO`Ç ªé=°i
WOHùH›~¡° …è~¡°.
7. ‚²ìOn JO`Ç ‹¬°•ƒ•’"°³ # Ø ƒì+¬ WOHùH›\÷ …è^°Î .
8. „ ã ‹
¬ °¬ `ë OÇ =°#^͉O× …Õ Hêjà~Ÿ JO`Ç\÷ H÷+
Á "“¬ °³ #
Ø
‹¬=°‹¬¼ WOHùH›\÷ …è^ΰ.
9. ª•qãu JO`Ç\÷ \ì…ÿO\˜ =ô#ß #\÷ WOHùH›~°¡
…è~¡°.
10. Mr. Ramana JO`Ç\÷ sincere officer =¶
office …ç WOHùH›~¡° …è~¡°.
11. ~Œ^•Î JO`Ç\÷ KÇ°~¡°Hï # á J=¶à~ò =¶ HêÁ‹…¹ Õ
WOHùH›~¡° …è~¡°.
12. Q®°…ìa JO`Ç\÷ attractive flower WOHùH›\÷
teach …è^ΰ.
13. P†Ç°#…ìO\÷ =°Oz=°x+² D ~ËA•…Õ
"Í~ùH›~¡° =ôO_È~¡°.
14. x*ì~òfx q°Oz# Qù„¬ æ Q® ° }=ò
WOHùH›\÷ …è^ΰ.
15. Taj Mahal JO`Ç\÷ JO^Î"³°Ø# H›@“_È=ò
=°#^͉×O…Õ "Í~ùH›\÷ …è^ΰ.
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VERYFEW
XHùøH›øª•i =°#=ò XH› =¼H÷x ë , XH› =‹¬°=
ë ô#° XH› •H›}
Æ =ò…Õ W`Ç~°¡ •`Ë ‡é•°óK¶
Ç 'J…ìO\÷
"Œ~¡° KŒ…ì `Ç䛽ø=Qê LO\ì~¡°Ñ Jx K³„¬CKÇ°O^ΰ=ò.
J N KÇOã^΃ì|°…ìO\÷ KÇ°~¡°ïHá# <Œ†Ç°ä›½•° KŒ…ì `Ç䛽ø=Qê =ôO\ì~¡°.
J Sehwag …ìQê |Oux hit KÍÀ‹ batsmen KŒ…ì `Ç䛽ø= =°Ok L<Œß~¡°.
J h …ìQê H›+¬“„¬_Í"Œ~¡° D ~ËA•…Õ KŒ…ì `Ç䛽ø= Qê =ôO\ì~¡°.
J ƒ•’Q=® n¾`Ç …ìO\÷ Qù„¬æ Qã O® ^Š¥•° KŒ…ì `Çä½› ø=Qê LO\ì~ò.

D q^•Î=òQê XH› =¼H÷,ë =‹¬°=ë ô †³òH›ø XH› •H›}Æ =ò#° ‡éeóK„³ C¬ KǶ 'W@°=O\÷"Œ~¡° KŒ…ì `Çä½› ø=Qê
LO\ì~¡°Ñ J#° J~¡Ö=ò`Ë K³„¬C@#° ‹¬¶zOKÇ°@䛽
"Veryfew + Plural Noun + Plural Verb + as - as + Subject" L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=…ÿ#°.

* Note :
1. 'Veryfew" `Ç~¡°"Œ`Ç Noun Plural Number …Õ LO_È=…ÿ#°.
2. 'As-as' =°^μ…Õ adjective 䛽 Ug° add Hê^ΰ.

EXAMPLES
1. NTR JO`Ç\÷ Qù„¬æ #@°•° KŒ…ì `Ç䛽ø= 6. P†Ç°# …ìO\÷ H›+„
“¬ _
¬ • „¬xKÍ‹
À "Œ~¡° D
=°Ok LO\ì~¡°. ~ËA•…Õ KŒ…ì `Ç䛽ø=Qê L<Œß~¡°.
Veryfew actors are as great as NTR. Veryfew men now-a-days are as hard
2. KÇOã^΃ì|° …ìO\÷ KÇ°~¡°ïHá# <Œ†Ç°ä›½•° working as he (is).
KŒ…ì `Ç䛽ø= =°Ok L<Œß~¡°.
Veryfew leaders are as active as
7. A.P. JO`Ç develop J~ò# states KŒ…ì
Chandra Babu.
`Ç䛽ø= L<Œß~ò.
Veryfew states are as developed as
3. q‰×Þ<Œ^•£ …ìO\÷ classical directors KŒ…ì
A.P.
`Ç䛽ø= =°Ok LO\ì~¡°.
Veryfew directors are as classical as 8. „ã H¬ $› u…Õ WOã^•Î^•Î#°‹¬°• …ìO\÷ JO^Î"°³ #
Ø
Viswanath. ^Î $ ‰§¼•° KŒ…ì `Ç ä › ½ ø=Qê =ôO\ì~ò.
4. P†Ç ° # …ìO\÷ x*ì~òf„¬ ~ ¡ ° •° KŒ…ì Veryfew sights in nature are as
`Ç䛽ø= =°Ok =ôO\ì~¡°. beautiful as a rainbow.
Veryfew men are as honest as he (is). 9. ‹¬ O ‹¬ ø $`Ç O …ìO\÷ ã ‡ •p# ƒ•ì+¬ • °
5. ‹²<Œï~ JO`Ç Qù„¬æ H›=ô•° KŒ…ì `Ç䛽ø= ㄬ„¬OKÇO…Õ KŒ…ì `Ç䛽ø=Qê =ô<Œß~ò.
=°Ok L<Œß~¡°. Veryfew languages in the world are as
Veryfew poets are as great as ancient as Sanskrit.
Sri C. Narayana Reddy.

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