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PROJECT REPORT
in
By:
We owe a great many thanks to a great many people who helped and supported us during
the course of our project work. Our deepest thanks to Dr. Srikanth Bontha, the guide of the
project for guiding, supporting and taking pains to help us with the project work as and when
needed. Our deep sense of gratitude goes to him for his constant support and guidance. We
would also like to thank our institute for providing us with the resources. We would also like
to extend our heartfelt thanks to our family and well-wishers.
ABSTRACT
Platform balancing involves position detection of object on the plate and automatic movement
of the plate to create necessary displacement on the object to reach the required position. The
movement of the plate is achieved by designed Linkage Mechanism controlled by the micro-
controller. This project involves structural analysis on the Mechanism, calculating the Torque
required to operate the mechanism and the selection of the material for the linkages.
Depending upon the specifications of the Platform balancing model, CAD models of the linkage
mechanisms are designed in CATIA, using ANSYS 16 a structural analysis is carried out to
determine the torque required depending upon the given loads. The analysis replicates the
analysis of the vertical crank-slider mechanism with forces.
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................................................................... 2
ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................................................... 3
CONTENTS ......................................................................................................................................................... 4
1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................ 5
2. OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................................................... 5
3. METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................................................... 6
3.1 MODELLING THE LINKAGES: .................................................................................................................. 7
3.2 CALCULATION OF FORCES: ..................................................................................................................... 7
3.3 ANALYSIS IN ANSYS FOR TORQUE CALCULATION ............................................................................... 8
3.4 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF LINK-1 ....................................................................................................... 9
3.5 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF PIN: ............................................................................................................ 9
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS .................................................................................................................... 9
5. REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................... 10
6. FIGURES AND TABLES .............................................................................................................................. 11
1. INTRODUCTION
2. OBJECTIVES
The main objective of the project is to determine the Torque required to be generated to
operate the mechanism desirably for the given the given forces experienced by the linkages.
(The working of the model is shown in fig-3.) Then the structural analysis is carried out to
determine the shear stress, equivalent stress,
Equivalent alternating stress, Total deformation and equivalent strain. These values are
ensured that, these are within the permissible limit of the material. If the existing design fails
under these values, then the design need to be modified with minimum changes in
specifications until it desired results are obtained. The final Stage of the project involves
removal of excess material from the existing design to reduce the weight of the linkages
without compromising on its structural rigidity and safety. Thus optimizing the proposed
design.
3. METHODOLOGY
The flow chart of solving the problems in sequential order is given below.
The first flow chart mentions the steps involved in calculating the torque to operate the
motor and the second one mentions the steps in checking the safety of links. The Analysis is
carried out for the deflections of -2cm to 2cm in steps of 0.5 cm. Depending on the deflection
the maximum torque required from motor is calculated. The specifications of the material
used, are in the table-1. The Stiffness of the spring used is 115 N/m. The material used for
linkage mechanism are structural steel.
The important stages are creating CATIA model, defining constrains, Obtaining Loads,
results, calculation of Torque, checking for safety and conclusion.
The Models created in the CATIA are Link-1 (connecting link), Pin and Link-2 (crank). The
Dimensions of the models are taken according to the Platform Balancing Model and they are
shown in fig-4. The Isometric view of the CAD models are shown in fig-5 and fig-6. The
sequence of steps used to create the model are:
Selection of XY plane and creation of Rectangle of 12 × 1 cm2. Align its center to the
origin of the plane.
Create Circles of diameter 1 cm on both the ends such that the lengths of rectangle
are tangents to the circle.
Trim the other half of circles and the breadths of rectangles.
Extrude the Project along z-direction.
Create holes on the link of diameter 0.5 at ends.
𝑇 𝜏
We can calculate torque (T) from the torque equation i.e. = ……………………..(9)
𝐽 𝑟
Where τ is obtained from the tabular data for max shear stress.
τ = 6.964e+05 (from ANSYS analysis)
τ (allowable) for structural steel = 0.577 X 250 MPa (yield -stress)=144.24MPa
𝑏.ℎ
J= × (𝑏 2 + ℎ2 )
12
1×10−2 ×1×10−2
J= × ((1 × 10−2 )2 + (1 × 10−2 )2 )
12
J=1.667e-9
J is polar moment of inertia
R=h/2
R=(1 × 10−2 )/2
R=0.005
For allowable shear stress of 144.24 MPa, the torque is 48.08 N-m (from equation (9) )
For our case, with shear stress of 0.6964 MPa, the torque is 0.2321 N-m
Thickness = 1cm.
Lengths: L1 = 12cm & L2 = 5cm.
Breadth: B1= B2 = 1cm.
Holes: dia= 0.5cm
Shear
76923000000 Pa
Modulus
Tensile
Ultimate 460000000 Pa
Strength
Compressive
250000000 Pa
Yield Strength
8.) Fig-7: Position of the Link with respect to displacement: