Questions On Measurement of Inductance and Capacitance

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AC Bridges Basics - Electrical

Measurements Questions and
Answers
by Manish
3-4 minutes
This set of Electrical Measurements & Measuring

Instruments Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Introduction to AC Bridges”.
1. In the simplest form, an AC bridge consists of

____________
a) arms, source and a detector
b) arms and source
c) source and detector
d) arms and detector
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In its simplest form, an AC bridge consists of
four arms, a source for excitation and a null detector. The
source is connected across a pair of arms while the
detector is connected to the pair of opposite arms.
2. Source is ________
a) dc supply
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b) ac supply
c) mixed mode supply
d) high voltage supply
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: For an AC bridge we require an AC supply as
the source of voltage. It supplies AC voltage at the required
frequency.
3. At high frequency, source consists of ________

a) amplifiers
b) regulators
c) oscillators
d) op amps
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Op amps are basically differential amplifiers.
Amplifiers are used in analog circuits for increasing the
strength of the signal. Electronic oscillators form sources at
high frequencies.
4. Commonly used balance detectors for AC bridges are

headphones, tuned amplifiers and vibration galvanometers.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Headphones, tuned amplifier circuits and
vibration galvanometers are used for detecting the balance
condition in AC bridges.
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5. What is the frequency range for a headphone as a

detector?
a) 20 Hz to 20 kHz
b) 10 kHz to 1 MHz
c) 10 MHz to 1 GHz
d) 250 Hz to 4 kHz
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Headphones can be used as detectors in AC
bridges in the low audio frequency range. Low audio
frequency range varies from 250 Hz to 4 KHz.
6. For single frequency value, the most sensitive detector is

________
a) tuned detector
b) vibration galvanometer
c) headphone
d) oscillator
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Vibration galvanometer is used for detecting
the balance condition. Oscillator is used as a source of
supply voltage. Tuned detector is the most sensitive
detector for a single frequency value.
7. Tuned detectors are used in the frequency range of

________
a) 1 Hz to 100 Hz
b) 10 Hz to 100 Hz
c) 1 kHz to 100 kHz
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d) 1 MHz to 100 MHz

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Tuned amplifier circuits are used as detectors
in the low frequency range. Low frequency range usually
ranges from 10 Hz to 100 Hz in AC bridges.
8. Vibration galvanometers are used for ________

a) very high frequency
b) very low frequency
c) low audio frequency
d) high audio frequency
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Vibration galvanometers are used as detectors
in AC bridges for low audio frequency. Low audio frequency
ranges from 5 Hz to 1000 Hz.
9. AC bridge is an outcome of ________

a) Kelvin bridge
b) Megger
c) De Sauty bridge
d) Wheatstone bridge
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Wheatstone bridge is the simplest form of
bridge for the measurement of resistance and forms the
basis for an AC bridge. Kelvin bridge is used for the
measurement of low resistance and a megger is used for
the measurement of high resistances.
4 of 5 3/19/18, 02:06
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

Electrical Measurements.
To practice all areas of Electrical Measurements, here is

complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and
Answers.
5 of 5 3/19/18, 02:06
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Sources & Detectors - Electrical

Answers
by Manish
3-4 minutes

focuses on “Sources and Detectors”.
1. At very low frequencies in a AC bridge, the source is

_________
a) power line
b) e.m.f
c) galvanometer
d) tuned circuit
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Galvanometer is used for detecting the
balance condition. The power line acts as a source of
supply for bridge measurements in an AC bridge circuit at
very low frequencies.
2. At high frequencies in a AC bridge, the source is

_______
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a) tuned amplifiers
b) oscillators
c) vibration galvanometer
d) high voltage source
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Tuned amplifiers are used as a source of
voltage in AC bridges. Electronic oscillators are used as a
source of supply for bridge measurements in an AC bridge
circuit at high frequencies.
3. The frequency range of a typical oscillator is _______

a) 1 Hz to 50 Hz
b) 1 kHz to 100 KHz
c) 40 Hz to 125 kHz
d) 1 MHz to 150 MHz
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: An oscillator has a frequency range slightly
above the audio frequency. A typical oscillator has a
frequency range of 40 Hz to 125 kHz.
4. The power output for a typical oscillator is _______

a) 1 kW
b) 1 MW
c) 1 mW
d) 7 W
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Oscillator usually has a low power output. A
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typical oscillator has a power output of around 7 W.
5. The output waveform in a oscillator is _______

a) sinusoidal
b) cosinusoidal
c) tangential
d) logarithmic
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: AC supply is generally in the form of sinusoidal
signal. In an electronic oscillator, output waveform is very
close to sinusoidal.
6. The output frequency of an oscillator is _______

a) unstable and fixed
b) stable and adjustable
c) stable and fixed
d) unstable and variable
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In an electronic oscillator, the output frequency
is stable. It can be determined accurately and is also
adjustable.
7. The output power of an oscillator is not enough to drive

power circuits.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
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Explanation: Power circuits generally require a low output in

order to function. An electronic oscillator provides sufficient
output power to drive power circuits.
8. Tuned amplifiers can be set to _______

a) low frequencies
b) high frequencies
c) any frequency
d) audio frequencies
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Tuning refers to varying a parameter. Tuned
amplifier circuits can be set to any desired frequency.
9. Tuned amplifier circuits respond to broad bandwidth at

bridge frequency.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Amplifiers can be used to detect the balance
condition in AC bridges. Tuned amplifier circuits consist of
transistors that respond to a narrow bandwidth at the bridge
frequency.


Answers.
4 of 4 3/19/18, 02:06
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Bridge Balance Equation

Questions and Answers
by Manish
3-4 minutes

focuses on “Bridge Balance Equation”.
1. Bridge balance equation for magnitude is given by the

relation
a) Z1 Z4 = Z2 Z3
b) Z1 Z2 = Z3 Z4
c) Z2 Z4 = Z1 Z3
d) Z1 Z3 = Z2 Z4
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In an AC bridge, the balance condition for
magnitude is given by the equation
Z1 Z 4 = Z 2 Z 3
where, Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4 are the impedance arms of the AC
bridge circuit.
2. Angular balance equation is given by the relation

a) θ1 × θ4 =θ2 × θ3
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b) θ1 + θ4 =θ2 + θ3
c) θ2 + θ4 =θ1 + θ3
d) θ2 × θ4 =θ1 × θ3
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The angular balance condition in an AC bridge
is given by the relation
θ1 + θ4 = θ2 + θ3
Where,
θ1, θ2, θ3 and θ4 are the phase angles of the impedances
Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4.
3. Bridge must be balanced for ________

a) magnitude
b) angle
c) magnitude and angle
d) power
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The ratio arms consist of impedances which
have magnitude as well as phase. In an AC bridge, balance
condition implies magnitude balance as well as angular
balance.
4. Phase angle is based on _______

a) source
b) detector
c) power
d) impedance
View Answer
2 of 4 3/19/18, 02:06
Answer: d
Explanation: The four ratio arms comprise of impedances
which consist of not only magnitude but some phase as
well. Value of the phase angles are based on the
component of individual impedances.
5. For inductive impedances, the phase angle is _______

a) positive
b) negative
c) zero
d) exponential
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The current through an inductor does not
increase instantaneously. For inductive impedances, the
voltage leads the current and as a result the phase angle is
positive.
6. For capacitive impedances, the phase angle is _______

a) tangential
b) negative
c) positive
d) logarithmic
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The voltage across a capacitor does not rise
instantaneously. For capacitive impedances, the current
leads the voltage and as a result the phase angle is
negative.
7. Bridge balance equation for magnitude in terms of
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admittances is given by the relation.

a) Y1Y3 = Y2Y4
b) Y1Y2 = Y3Y4
c)Y1Y4 = Y2Y3
d) Y1 Y3 = Y2 Y4
View Answer
Answer: c Explanation: Admittance is the reciprocal of

impedance. The balance condition for magnitude is given
by the equation
8. When bridge is balanced?

a) no voltage drop across the circuit
b) power dissipation is high
c) temperature of the circuit is high
d) no current flows
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: At balance condition, no current flows through
the headphones present in the AC bridge circuit. As a result
the detector indicates null deflection at balance condition.


Answers.
4 of 4 3/19/18, 02:06
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Capacitance Comparison Bridge -

Electrical Measurements
by Manish
3-4 minutes

focuses on “Capacitance Comparison Bridge”.
1. In a capacitance bridge, the arms are _________

a) resistive
b) capacitive
c) inductive
d) mixture of resistance, capacitance and inductance
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The capacitance bridge is mainly used for the
measurement of unknown capacitance. The ratio arms in a
capacitance bridge are resistive in nature.
2. How is the bridge balanced?

a) using resistance R1
b) using resistance R3
c) through capacitance C3
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d) through capacitance Cx
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Bridge balance is obtained by varying the
resistance R3. At balance we get the value of the unknown
resistance as Rx = R1 R3⁄R2.
3. Impedance Z4 consists of _________

a) resistance Rx
b) capacitance Cx
c) combination of capacitance Cx and resistance Rx
d) consists of a detector
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Ratio arm Z4 consists of the unknown
impedance. Impedance Z4 consists of capacitance Cx in
series with a leakage resistance Rx.
4. Impedance Z3 consists of_________

a) resistance R3
b) capacitance C3
d) capacitance C3 in series with resistance R3
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Impedance usually refers to the combination of
resistance and either capacitance or inductance. As we are
considering the case of capacitance measurement,
impedance Z3 comprises capacitance C3 in series with
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resistance R3.
5. Unknown capacitance value is obtained by _________

a) comparison with standard
b) using a tuned detector
c) using capacitance of other ratio arms
d) using a vibration galvanometer
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Tuned circuit is used for detecting balance
condition. Vibration galvanometer is used for the same
purpose. Unknown value of capacitance is obtained by
comparing it with a standard value.
6. Unknown resistance is obtained by using the relation
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The value of the unknown resistance is
obtained by using the relation
Rx = R2 R3⁄R1
at balance condition.
7. Unknown capacitance is found by using the relation
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View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The value of unknown capacitance is found
using the relation Cx = C3 R1⁄R2 at balance condition.
8. Actual balance condition can be obtained by _________

a) varying R1
b) varying R3
c) varying R2
d) varying R1 and R3
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Resistances R1 and R3 are variable, while
resistance R2 is fixed. By varying the resistances R1 and
R3, we get the actual balance condition.


Answers.
4 of 4 3/19/18, 02:06
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Inductance Comparison Bridge

by Manish
3-4 minutes

focuses on “Inductance Comparison Bridge”.
1. Inductance comparison bridge is used to compute

a) unknown inductance and resistance
b) unknown resistance
c) unknown inductance
d) unknown capacitance
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: By making use of an inductance comparison
bridge, the values of unknown inductance and its internal
resistance can be determined.
2. Ratio arms of the bridge consists of _________

a) pure inductances
b) pure resistances
c) pure capacitances
d) inductance and capacitance
1 of 4 3/19/18, 02:07
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: An inductance comparison bridge is basically
used to compute the unknown resistance and inductance
values. Ratio arms of an inductance bridge consists of pure
resistances.
3. Value of unknown resistance is found by using the

relation
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The inductance comparison bridge mainly
consists of pure resistances in its ratio arm. The value of
unknown resistance is given by the relation Rx = R2 R3⁄R1.
4. The value of unknown inductance is found by using the

relation
View Answer
Answer: d
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Explanation: At balance condition in an inductance

comparison bridge, the value of unknown inductance is
found by using the relation Lx = R2 L3⁄R1.
5. Inductance control is obtained by _________

a) using R2
b) using R1
c) using R3
d) using Lx
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In an inductance comparison bridge, the
resistance R2 and R3 are variable. The value of resistance
R2 is varied so as to control the inductance of the bridge.
6. Bridge depends on frequency.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In an inductance comparison bridge, the
balance equation is independent of frequency. As a result
the bridge balance condition remains unaffected by
variation in the value of frequency.
7. Bridge can be used at audio frequency.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
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Explanation: An inductance comparison bridge can be used

for measurement of unknown inductance at a wide range of
audio frequencies in the order of a few Hz to KHz.
8. Bridge is used for the measurement of _________

a) high Q factor
b) medium Q factor
c) low Q factor
d) very low Q factor
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The inductance comparison bridge is used for
the measurement of low Q factor values of the order of 1 to
10. It cannot be used for the measurement of Q factors
below 1. As a result, the bridge is used for the
measurement of medium Q factor values.


Answers.
4 of 4 3/19/18, 02:07
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Electrical Measurements Interview

by Manish
6-7 minutes
This set of Electrical Measurements Interview Questions

and Answers focuses on “Anderson Bridge, Advantages &
Disadvantages of Anderson Bridge”.
1. Anderson bridge is used for _________

a) the measurement of self-inductance
b) the measurement of resistance
c) the measurement of capacitance
d) the measurement of impedance
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The Anderson bridge is one of the important
bridges used for the measurement of self-inductances in
terms of a standard capacitance value. Resistance is
usually measured by making use of a Wheatstone’s bridge
or Kelvin’s double bridge.
2. Anderson bridge is a modified form of ________

a) Wheatstone’s bridge
b) Maxwell bridge
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c) Kelvin double bridge

d) Schering bridge
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The Anderson’s bridge is a modified form of
Maxwell’s bridge which is used for the measurement of self-
inductances in terms of a standard capacitance value.
Wheatstone bridge and Kelvin bridge are used for the
measurement of medium and low resistances respectively.
3. Anderson’s bridge is basically used for ________

a) measurement of capacitance
b) measurement of resistance
c) measurement of inductance
d) measurement of voltage
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Anderson’s bridge is used basically for the
precise measurement of self-inductances in terms of a
standard capacitance value over a wide range of values.
4. Balance equation for computing the inductance is

________
a) Lx = R3 R5
b) Lx = CR5
c) Lx = CR3
d) Lx = CR3 R5
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The balance equation for computing the self-
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inductance in an Anderson’s bridge is given by the

equation, Lx = CR3 R5.
where, C is the standard capacitance
R3 and R5 are the known non-inductive resistances.
5. Balance equation for computing the resistance is

a) R1 = R2 R3⁄R4
b) R1 = R2 ⁄ R4
c) R1 = R3 ⁄ R4
d) R1 = R2 R3
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The balance equation for computing the
resistance in an Anderson’s bridge is given by the equation
R1 = R2 R3⁄R4.
where, R2, R3 and R4 are the known non-inductive
resistances.
6. When the capacitor used is imperfect, the inductance

value changes.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: For an imperfect capacitor used in the
Anderson bridge, the value of inductance remains
unaffected. The value of R1 changes.
7. Anderson’s bridge is used for the measurement of

capacitance.
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a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: When a calibrated self-inductance is available,
the value of unknown capacitance can be computed by
making use of an Anderson’s bridge.
8. Anderson’s bridge is used for the measurement of

________
a) capacitance
b) resistance
c) inductance
d) impedance
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Anderson’s bridge is used for the
measurement of capacitance. Unknown capacitance value
can be measured accurately in terms of the self-inductance
of one of the ratio arms of the bridge.
9. Anderson’s bridge makes use of a variable capacitance.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: An Anderson’s bridge makes use of a fixed
capacitance value. Most of the other AC bridges used for
the measurement of either capacitance, inductance or
impedance make use of a variable capacitance.
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10. Anderson’s bridge is very basic.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: An Anderson’s bridge is basically used for the
measurement of unknown capacitance value in terms of the
self-inductance of one of the standard ratio arms. It is a
complex bridge comprising of equivalent star-delta networks
for computation of resistance and inductance.
11. Bridge balance equations are ________

a) easy to derive
b) independent of the components
c) complex in nature
d) real in nature
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: An Anderson’s bridge is basically used for the
measurement of unknown capacitance value in terms of the
self-inductance of one of the ratio arms. It consists of real
as well as complex terms. It also comprises of star-delta
equivalent networks for impedance computations.
12. Components in an Anderson’s bridge are ________

a) less
b) zero
c) intermediate
d) more
View Answer
5 of 7 3/19/18, 02:07
Answer: d
Explanation: An Anderson’s bridge is a complex type of
bridge used basically for the measurement of unknown
capacitance. It consists of several resistances, inductances
and capacitances in the ratio arms.
13. Anderson’s bridge ________

a) can’t be shielded
b) can be fully shielded
c) can be partially shielded
d) can be shielded based on the components used
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: An Anderson’s bridge is a complex circuit and
a modified form of the Maxwell bridge. An Anderson’s
bridge cannot be shielded due to the presence of an
additional junction point.
14. What is the significance of Anderson bridge with respect

to Q factor?
a) difficult to balance the bridge
b) easy to balance the bridge
c) intermediate balance can be achieved
d) no balance can be done
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: An Anderson’s bridge is a modified form of the
Maxwell bridge and is used for the measurement of
unknown capacitance in terms of self-inductance of a
standard value. It is easy to achieve balance condition in an
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Anderson bridge.
15. An Anderson’s bridge can be used to ________

a) measure mutual inductance
b) measure impedance
c) measure self inductance
d) measure stray capacitance
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: An Anderson bridge can be used for the
measurement of the self-inductance of a coil. A coil with
unknown capacitance can be used to determine its self-
inductance by making use of an Anderson bridge.

To practice all areas of Electrical Measurements for

Interviews, here is complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice
Questions and Answers.
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Schering Bridge - Electrical

Answers
by Manish
4-5 minutes

focuses on “Schering Bridge”.
1. Schering bridge is one of the most widely used AC

bridges.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Schering bridge is an AC bridge used for the
measurement of unknown capacitance, dielectric loss and
power factor. It is one of the most commonly used AC
bridges.
2. Schering bridge is used for _________

a) low voltages only
b) low and high voltages
c) high voltages only
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d) intermediate voltages only

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Schering bridge is used for both low as well as
high voltages. A particular bridge connection is used for low
voltage. High voltages employ the use of a different type of
Schering bridge.
3. Power factor of a Schering bridge is _________

a) p.f. = sin∅x = Zx⁄Rx
b) p.f. = cot∅x = Rx⁄Zx
c) p.f. = cos∅x = Rx⁄Zx
d) p.f. = tan∅x = Rx⁄Zx
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The power factor of the RC combination in a
Schering bridge is given by the relation p.f. = cos∅x = Rx⁄Zx .
where,
Rx is the series resistance
Zx is the series impedance comprising of Rx and Cx.
4. For phase angles close to 90°, the power factor of the

bridge is _________
a) p.f. = ωRx
b) p.f. = ωCx
c) p.f. = Rx Cx
d) p.f. = ωRx Cx
View Answer
Answer: d Explanation: When phase angle reaches 90°,
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reactance equals the impedance and the power factor of

the bridge is calculated using the relation,
5. For a series RC circuit, what is δ?

a) voltage between series RC combination and C
b) voltage between series RC combination
c) voltage across C
d) voltage across R
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In a series RC circuit, δ refers to the angle
between the series combination of Rx, Cx and the voltage
across the capacitance Cx. δ is also known as the loss
angle.
6. What is the expression for the loss angle?

a) tan δ = ωR4
b) tan δ = ωR4 C4
c) tan δ = ωC4
d) tan δ = R4 C4
View Answer
Answer: b Explanation: The expression for the loss angle

can be computed as the ratio of the tangent of the voltage
drop across resistance Rx to the voltage drop across the
capacitance Cx.
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7. Quality factor is given by the expression

a) Q = 1⁄R
b) Q = R
c) Q = X⁄R
d) Q = XR
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The quality factor the Schering bridge circuit is
defined as Q = X⁄R.
where, X = 1⁄wC is the capacitive impedance.
8. Dissipation factor is the reciprocal of quality factor.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Dissipation factor for a circuit is defined as the
reciprocal of the quality factor.
It is given by the expression Q = 1⁄wCR. It basically provides
information about the quality of a capacitor.
9. Commercial Schering bridge can be used for the

measurement of capacitances
a) from 10pF to 0.1nF
b) from 100pF to 1µF
c) from 50nF to 10mF
d) from 25mF to 5F
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Commercial Schering bridges are used for the
4 of 5 3/19/18, 02:07
measurement of capacitances in the range of a few pico

farads to a few micro farads. Accuracy varies in the range
of –2% to +2%.
10. A Schering bridge can be used for the

a) measuring voltages
b) measuring currents
c) testing capacitors
d) protecting the circuit from temperature rises
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: A Schering bridge can be used with both low
voltage as well as high voltages. A Schering bridge is
basically used for the measurement of small capacitances
at low voltages with high precision.


Answers.
5 of 5 3/19/18, 02:07
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High Voltage Schering Bridge -

by Manish
4 minutes

focuses on “High Voltage Schering Bridge”.
1. A Schering bridge can be used for capacitance

measurements at low voltages.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: When a Schering bridge is used for the
measurement of small capacitances at low voltages, it
comprises of errors. In order to avoid this a high voltage
Schering bridge is used.
2. How is high voltage obtained?

a) by using a step up transformer
b) by using a high voltage source
c) by using a step down transformer
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d) by using a high current source

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: High voltage supply for a Schering bridge is
obtained by making use of a step up transformer. The
frequency for the high voltage supply used in a Schering
bridge is 50 Hz.
3. The detector used in a high voltage Schering bridge is

_________
a) tunable circuit
b) e.m.f source
d) headphone
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: A high voltage Schering bridge is used for the
measurement of low capacitance values at high voltages. A
vibration galvanometer is used as a detector in a high
voltage Schering bridge.
4. Detector is very sensitive in a high voltage Schering

bridge.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In a high voltage Schering bridge the ratio
arms have high impedance values. As a result, a very small
current is drawn by the ratio arms. Hence the detector must
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be very sensitive in a high voltage Schering bridge.
5. How are the inter-capacitance errors minimized?

a) by separating the plates of the capacitance
b) by using earthing
c) by reducing the area of cross section of the capacitors
d) by increasing the distance between the capacitor plates
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In a high voltage Schering bridge, errors due
to inter-capacitance between the high and low impedance
ratio arms can be eliminated through earthing screens.
6. How to minimize the effect of earth capacitance?

a) by increasing the supply voltage
b) by using a series resistance
c) by using a Wagner ground connection
d) by using an inductor across the circuit
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In a high voltage Schering bridge, the effect of
earth capacitance on the circuit including the galvanometer
and the contact leads is minimized by making use of a
Wagner ground connection.
7. What is the effect of breakdown of high voltage

capacitor?
a) No effect
b) voltage drop across the circuit reduces
c) circuit components rupture
d) a high voltage appears across the branches
3 of 4 3/19/18, 02:07
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: In a high voltage Schering bridge, a very high
voltage appears across the branches when the breakdown
of high voltage capacitor occurs. This is prevented by
making use of a spark gap across the branches involved.
8. What is dependence of frequency on the balance

equation?
a) independent
b) varies by a factor of 2
c) depends on the supply magnitude
d) depends on the detector used
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In a high voltage Schering bridge, the balance
equation does not depend on the frequency of operation of
the circuit. A detector is only used for detecting the balance
condition in a bridge circuit.


Answers.
4 of 4 3/19/18, 02:07
Maxwell's Inductance Capacitance Bridge Ques... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
sanfoundry.com
Maxwell's Inductance Capacitance

Bridge Questions and Answers
by Manish
3-4 minutes

focuses on “Maxwell’s Inductance Capacitance Bridge”.
1. Maxwell inductance capacitance bridge can be used for

_________
a) measurement of inductance
b) measurement of capacitance and inductance
c) measurement of resistance
d) measurement of voltage and current
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A Maxwell inductance capacitance bridge is
used for the measurement of inductance by making
comparison with a standard capacitance value. Voltmeter is
used to measure voltage, while an ammeter is used to
measure current.
2. Balance equation for computing the unknown resistance

is
1 of 4 3/19/18, 02:07
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The balance condition for determining the
value of the unknown resistance is given by the relation Rx
= R2 R3⁄R1.
where, R1 and R3 are variable resistances and R2 is a fixed
resistance.
3. Balance equation for computing the value of the

unknown inductance is
a) Lx = R2 R3
b) Lx = R2 C1
c) Lx = R2 R3 C1
d) Lx = R3 C1
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The balance equation for determining the
value of the unknown inductance is given by the relation
Lx= R2 R3 C1.
where,
C1 is the capacitance across the resistance R1
R3 is a variable resistance and R2 is a fixed resistance.
4. Quality factor of the circuit is given by _________

a) Q = ωC1
2 of 4 3/19/18, 02:07
b) Q = ωR1
c) Q = ω
d) Q = ωR1 C1
View Answer
Answer: d Explanation: The quality factor of a Maxwell

inductance capacitance bridge is given by the relation
5. Standard inductor requires no shielding.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Stray magnetic fields are present in a circuit
consisting of inductances and capacitances. In order to
eliminate the stray magnetic fields proper shielding is
required for the standard inductance.
6. Standard inductor provides rated inductance directly.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: When the current flow through the standard
inductance is adjusted precisely, it provides its rated value
of inductance.
7. What is the significance of capacitors in a Maxwell
3 of 4 3/19/18, 02:07
bridge?
a) they are used to block dc
b) they are used to block ac
c) they are cheap
d) they are expensive
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In a Maxwell inductance capacitance bridge,
the capacitors are cheaper when compared to stable and
accurate standard value of inductors.
8. The bridge balance equation can be written in

_________
a) impedance form
b) resistance form
c) conductance form
d) admittance form
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The bridge balance equation for a Maxwell
inductance capacitance bridge consists of admittances.
This is due to the connection of a capacitance in parallel
across the resistance in one of the ratio arms.


Answers.
4 of 4 3/19/18, 02:07
Electrical Measurements Questions for Campus ... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
sanfoundry.com
Questions for Campus Interviews
by Manish
4 minutes
This set of Electrical Measurements Questions and

Answers for Campus interviews focuses on “Advantages
and Limitations of Maxwell Bridge”.
1. What is the significance of the balance equation on

losses?
a) independent of losses in inductance
b) independent of losses in capacitance
c) independent of losses in resistance
d) independent of losses in the circuit
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The balance equation in a Maxwell inductance
capacitance bridge is independent of the losses associated
with an inductance. According to the balance equation the
unknown inductance is computed as Lx = R2 R3 C1
2. Balance equation is dependent on frequency.

a) True
b) False
1 of 4 3/19/18, 02:08
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The balance equation in a Maxwell inductance
capacitance bridge is independent on the measurement of
frequency. The balance equation does not contain
frequency terms such as ω and as a result, it is
independent of frequency.
3. How can R1 be scaled?

a) by using a scale
b) by using an ohmmeter
c) by calibration
d) by using a galvanometer
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The resistance R1 in a Maxwell inductance
capacitance bridge can be scaled through calibration. The
value of the Quality factor Q can be read directly through
calibration.
4. Scale of resistance can be calibrated.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The resistance R1 in a Maxwell inductance
capacitance bridge can be calibrated directly. As a result
the value of the unknown inductance can be read directly.
5. Bridge can be used for the measurement of _________
2 of 4 3/19/18, 02:08
a) high Q values
b) intermediate Q values
c) very low Q values
d) low Q values
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: A Maxwell inductance capacitance bridge can
be used for the measurement of low Q values only of the
order of 1 to 10. This is because at high Q factor values the
angular balance condition is not satisfied.
6. The balance condition is _________

a) is easy to obtain
b) is difficult to obtain
c) can’t be obtained
d) exists always
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The balance condition in a Maxwell inductance
capacitance bridge is difficult to obtain. This occurs due to
an interaction between resistance and reactance
components in the bridge circuit.
7. Commercial Maxwell bridges measure

a) inductances in the range of 1 to 1000H
b) capacitances in the range of 10mF to 1F
c) resistances in the range of 0.001 Ω to 1Ω
d) power in the range of 1W to 50MF
View Answer
Answer: a
3 of 4 3/19/18, 02:08
Explanation: Basically a Maxwell bridge is used for the

measurement of inductance in terms of known standard
capacitance value. Inductances in the range of 1 to 1000H
with an accuracy range of ±2% can be measured.
8. At high Q values, the angular balance condition

a) is satisfied
b) is not satisfied
c) is independent of Q factor
d) is partially affected
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: For high Q factor values in a Maxwell
inductance capacitance bridge, the angular balance
condition is affected. The relation θ1 + θ4 = θ2 + θ3 is not
satisfied at high Q factor values. This occurs as θ4 reaches
90°. θ1 must become –90° as per the angular balance
condition. But for this the value of R1 should be very high,
which is not practically feasible.

To practice all areas of Electrical Measurements for

Campus Interviews, here is complete set of 1000+ Multiple
Choice Questions and Answers.
4 of 4 3/19/18, 02:08
Bridges Shielding & Grounding - Electrical Mea... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
sanfoundry.com
Bridges Shielding & Grounding -

by Manish
3-4 minutes

focuses on “Shielding and Grounding of Bridges”.
1. In general bridges consist of __________

a) lumped inductances
b) lumped resistances
c) distributed capacitance
d) distributed impedance
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: AC bridges in general such as Maxwell,
Anderson, Schering etc consist of lumped components
such as inductance.
2. Stray capacitance exists between the components.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
1 of 4 3/19/18, 02:08
Answer: a
Explanation: In general in AC bridges, stray capacitance
exists between the components of the bridge with respect
to the ground. These stray capacitances short the ratio
arms and lead to errors in the measurement.
3. The magnitude of stray capacitances is fixed.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Stray capacitances are uncertain in nature.
Their magnitude depends on the adjustment of the bridge
arms and the position of the operator.
4. Stray capacitance effects can be minimized by

__________
a) making use of an inductance
b) connecting a resistance in series
c) shielding and grounding
d) using a galvanometer
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The stray capacitance effects in an AC bridge
can be eliminated by shielding and grounding. This method
helps in making the stray capacitances constant in value.
They can be compensated.
5. Most popular method of avoiding the stray capacitance

effects is __________
a) by grounding
2 of 4 3/19/18, 02:08
b) by using guard rings

c) by using galvanometer
d) by using Wagner device
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: A Wagner earthing device is used in general to
eliminate the stray capacitance effects in AC bridges. The
stray capacitance effects between the components in the
ratio arms with respect to ground can be eliminated through
this method.
6. Wagner device is a ____________

a) capacitance bridge
b) resistance bridge
c) inductance bridge
d) impedance bridge
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A Wagner earth device is generally used for
shielding and grounding purpose. It consists of
capacitances in the ratio arms along with a series RC
combination connected across the ends of the bridge
forming a potential divider.
7. Which is the guarding arm?

a) parallel RC combination
b) series RC combination
c) resistance R
d) capacitance C
View Answer
3 of 4 3/19/18, 02:08
Answer: b
Explanation: The series combination of R and C in a
Wagner earth device forms a potential divider across the
ratio arms. It is also known as the guard arm.
8. Bridge is suitable for _________

a) coils with high Q values
b) coils with low Q values
c) coils with intermediate Q values
d) coils with very high Q values
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The Maxwell inductance capacitance bridge is
basically used for the measurement of Quality factor (Q) of
inductance coils with low Q values.


Answers.
4 of 4 3/19/18, 02:08

Questions On Measurement of Inductance and Capacitance

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AC Bridges Basics - Electrical Measurements Q... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...

AC Bridges Basics - Electrical

This set of Electrical Measurements & Measuring

1. In the simplest form, an AC bridge consists of

3. At high frequency, source consists of ________

4. Commonly used balance detectors for AC bridges are

5. What is the frequency range for a headphone as a

6. For single frequency value, the most sensitive detector is

7. Tuned detectors are used in the frequency range of

d) 1 MHz to 100 MHz

8. Vibration galvanometers are used for ________

9. AC bridge is an outcome of ________

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

To practice all areas of Electrical Measurements, here is

Sources & Detectors - Electrical

This set of Electrical Measurements & Measuring

1. At very low frequencies in a AC bridge, the source is

2. At high frequencies in a AC bridge, the source is

3. The frequency range of a typical oscillator is _______

4. The power output for a typical oscillator is _______

typical oscillator has a power output of around 7 W.

5. The output waveform in a oscillator is _______

6. The output frequency of an oscillator is _______

7. The output power of an oscillator is not enough to drive

Explanation: Power circuits generally require a low output in

8. Tuned amplifiers can be set to _______

9. Tuned amplifier circuits respond to broad bandwidth at

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

To practice all areas of Electrical Measurements, here is

Bridge Balance Equation

This set of Electrical Measurements & Measuring

1. Bridge balance equation for magnitude is given by the

2. Angular balance equation is given by the relation

3. Bridge must be balanced for ________

4. Phase angle is based on _______

5. For inductive impedances, the phase angle is _______

6. For capacitive impedances, the phase angle is _______

7. Bridge balance equation for magnitude in terms of

admittances is given by the relation.

Answer: c Explanation: Admittance is the reciprocal of

8. When bridge is balanced?

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

To practice all areas of Electrical Measurements, here is

Capacitance Comparison Bridge -

This set of Electrical Measurements & Measuring

1. In a capacitance bridge, the arms are _________

2. How is the bridge balanced?

3. Impedance Z4 consists of _________

4. Impedance Z3 consists of_________

5. Unknown capacitance value is obtained by _________

6. Unknown resistance is obtained by using the relation

7. Unknown capacitance is found by using the relation

8. Actual balance condition can be obtained by _________

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

To practice all areas of Electrical Measurements, here is

Inductance Comparison Bridge

This set of Electrical Measurements & Measuring

1. Inductance comparison bridge is used to compute

2. Ratio arms of the bridge consists of _________

3. Value of unknown resistance is found by using the

4. The value of unknown inductance is found by using the

Explanation: At balance condition in an inductance