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Answer: a
Explanation: The solution of differential equations for
networks is of the form
i(t)=Kn e(sn t) where Sn is a complex number which is a root
of the characteristic equation.
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b) neper frequency
c) sampling frequency
d) angular frequency
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The complex number consists of two parts,the
real part and the imaginary part. The real part of the
complex frequency is called neper frequency.
Answer: d
Explanation: The complex number consists of two parts, the
real part of the complex frequency is called radian
frequency. The radian frequency is expressed in radian/sec
and is related to the frequency or the periodic time.
Answer: c
Explanation: Transform impedance of the resistor is defined
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Answer: a
Explanation: Transform admittance of the resistor is defined
as the ratio of transform current to the transform voltage
and it is also defined as the reciprocal of transform
impedance. YR(s) = IR(s)/VR(s) =G.
Answer: c
Explanation: Considering the sum of the transform voltage
and the initial current voltage as V1(s) we have the
transform impedance of the inductor. The transform
impedance of the inductor is ZL(s) = V1(s)/IL(s) = sL.
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c) 1/L
d) L
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The transform admittance of the inductor is
YL(s) = I1(s)/VL(s) = 1/sL where I1(s) is the total transform
current through the inductor L.
Answer: b
Explanation: The time domain representation of inductor L
has initial current iL(0+). The equivalent transform circuit
contains an admittance of value 1/sL and equivalent
transform current source.
Answer: d
Explanation: The transform impedance of the capacitor is
the ratio of the transform voltage V1(s) to the transform
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Answer: b
Explanation: The transform admittance of the capacitor is
the ratio of transform current I1(s) to transform voltage
VC(s) and is YC(s) = sC.
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a) Ls, L V0
b) Ls, LI0
c) 1/Ls, LI0
d) 1/Ls, L V0
View Answer
Answer: a
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Answer: a
Explanation: The capacitor has an initial voltage V0 across
it. It is represented by a transform impedance of 1/Cs with
an initial voltage V0/S.
Answer: b
Explanation: The current I(s) is given as the total transform
voltage in the circuit divided by the total transform
impedance. The value of the total voltage after replacing
the inductor and capacitor is V (s) = V1(S)+LI0-V0/S.
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Answer: c
Explanation: The value of the total impedance after
replacing the inductor and capacitor is
Z (s) = R+LS+1/CS. By knowing the V(s) and Z(s) we can
calculate I(s) as I(s) is given as the total transform voltage
in the circuit divided by the total transform impedance.
Answer: d
Explanation: The current I(s) is given as the total transform
voltage in the circuit divided by the total transform
impedance. The current flowing in the circuit is I (s) =
V(s)/I(s) =(V1(S)+LI0-V0/S)/( R+LS+1/CS).
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a) 1+s
b) 2+s
c) 3+s
d) 4+s
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The term admittance is defined as the inverse
of impedance. The admittance of capacitor is 1/s and the
admittance of resistor is 1/4 mho. So the admittance of the
last two elements in the parallel combination is Y1(s) = 4 +
s.
Answer: a
Explanation: The impedance of resistor is 4Ω and the
impedance of capacitor is s. So the impedance of the last
two elements in the parallel combination is Z1(s) = 1/(s+4).
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Answer: c
Explanation: We got the impedance of last two elements in
parallel combination as Z1(s) = 1/(s+4) and now the
impedance of capacitor is 1/2s. So the series combination
of the last elements is Z2(s) =1/2s+1/(s+4)=(3s+4)/2s(s+4).
Answer: d
Explanation: The term admittance is defined as the inverse
of the term impedance. As the impedance is Z2(s) =1/2s+1
/(s+4)=(3s+4)/2s(s+4) , the admittance parallel combination
of the last elements is Y2(s) = 1/2+2s(s+4)/( 3s+4)=
(4s2+19s+4)/(6s+8).
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a) (6s-8)/( 4s2+19s-4)
b) (6s+8)/( 4s2+19s+4)
c) (6s+8)/( 4s2-19s+4)
d) (6s-8)/( 4s2+19s+4)
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The term impedance is the inverse of the term
admittance. We got admittance as Y2(s) =
(4s2+19s+4)/(6s+8). So the transform impedance of the
network is
Z (s) = 1 / Y2(s) = (6s+8)/( 4s2+19s+4).
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Answer: a
Explanation: Voltage transfer ratio is the ratio of voltage
transform at first port to the voltage transform at the second
port and is denoted by G(s). G21 = V2(s)/V1(s) G12 =
V1(s)/V2(s).
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b) Transfer impedance
c) Current transfer ratio
d) Voltage transfer ratio
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Current transfer ratio is the ratio of the current
transform at one port to current transform at other port and
is denoted by α(s). α12(s) = I1(s)/I2(s) α21(s) = I2(s)/I1(s).
Answer: d
Explanation: Transfer impedance is the ratio of voltage
transform at first port to the current transform at the second
port and is denoted by Z(s). Z21(s) = V2(s)/I1(s) Z12(s) =
V1(s)/I2(s).
4. For the network shown in the figure, find the driving point
impedance.
a) (s2-2s+1)/s
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b) (s2+2s+1)/s
c) (s2-2s-1)/s
d) (s2+2s-1)/s
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Applying Kirchoff’s law at port 1,
Z(S)=V(S)/I(S), where V(s) is applied at port 1 and I(s) is
current flowinmg through the network. Then Z(S)=V(S)/I(S)
= 2+S+1/S = (s2+2s+1)/s.
a) (s+1)/s
b) s+1
c) s
d) s/(s+1)
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Applying Kirchhoff’s law V1 (S) = 2 I1 (S) + 2
sI1 (S) V2 (S) = I1 (S) X 2s Hence G21 (S) = V2(s)/V1(s) =2
s/(2+2 s)=s/(s+1).
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c) 3 s
d) 4 s
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Answer: b
Explanation: The transfer function Z21 (S) is Z21 (S) =
V2(S)/I1(S). V2 (S) = I1 (S) X 2s. V2(S)/I1(S)=2s. On
substituting Z21 (S) = 2s.
Answer: c
Explanation: The driving point impedance Z11 (S) is Z11
(S)=V1(S)/I1(S). V1 (S) = 2 I1 (S) + 2 sI1 (S) => V1(S) =
(2+2s)I1(S) => V1(S)/I1(S) = 2(s+1). On substituting Z11 (S)
= 2(S+1).
a) (8 S+2)/(8 S+1)
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b) (8 S+2)/(8 S+2)
c) (8 S+2)/(8 S+3)
d) (8 S+2)/(8 S+4)
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: From the circuit, the parallel combination of
resistance and capacitance can be combined into
equivalent in impedance. Zeq(S) = 1/(2 S+1/2)=2/(4 S+1).
Applying Kirchhoff’s laws, we have V2 (S) = 2 I1(S) => V1
(S) = I1 (S)[2/(4 S+1)+2] = I1 (S)[(8 S+4)/(4 S+1)] The
transfer function G21 (s) = V2(s)/V1(s) =2 I1(S)/((8 S+4)/(4
S+1))I1(S) =(8 S+2)/(8 S+4).
Answer: b
Explanation: The transfer function Z21(s) is Z21 (S) =
V2(S)/I1(S). V2 (S) = 2 I1(S) => V2 (S)/I1 =2. On substituting
Z21(s) = 2.
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d) (8 S+4)/(4 S+1)
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The driving point impedance Z11(S) is Z11(S) =
V1(s)/I1(s). V1(s) = I1(s)((2/(4s+1))+2) = I1(s)((8s+4)/(4s+1))
=> V1(s)/I1(s) = ((8s+4)/(4s+1)). On substituting we get
Z11(S) = (8S+4)/(4S+1).
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Answer: a
Explanation: The coefficients of the polynomials P (S) and
Q (S) in the network function N (S) are real and positive for
passive network. On factorising the network function we
obtain the poles and zeros.
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d) J
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The scale factor is denoted by the letter ‘H’
and its value is equal to the ratio of ao to bo.
Answer: d
Explanation: The roots of the equation P (S) = 0 are zeros
of the transfer function. The zeros in the transfer function
are denoted by ‘o’.
Answer: a
Explanation: The roots of the equation Q (S) = 0 are poles
of the transfer function. The poles in the transfer function
are denoted by ‘x’.
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a) 1
b) 2
c) 0
d) ∞
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Answer: c
Explanation: The network function N (S) becomes zero
when s in the transfer function is equal to anyone of the
zeros as the network function is completely defined by its
poles and zeros.
Answer: a
Explanation: The network function is completely defined by
its poles and zeros and the network function N (S) becomes
infinite when s in the transfer function is equal to anyone of
the poles.
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View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: If the poles or zeros are not repeated, then the
function is said to be having simple poles or simple zeros
and the network function is said to be stable when the real
parts of the poles and zeros are negative.
Answer: a
Explanation: If there are repeated poles or zeros, then
function is said to be having multiple poles or multiple zeros
and the network function is stable if the poles and zeros lie
within the left half of the s-plane.
Answer: c
Explanation: If the number of zeros (n) are greater than the
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Answer: b
Explanation: If the number of poles (m)are greater than the
number of zeros (n), then there will be (m-n) number of
zeros at s = ∞ and to obtain (m-n) poles at s = ∞ the
condition is m>n.
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Answer: c
Explanation: The driving point function is the ratio of
polynomials in s. Polynomials are obtained from the
transform impedance of the elements and their
combinations and if the zeros and poles are not repeated
then the poles or zeros are said to be distinct or simple.
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__________
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) ∞
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Answer: d
Explanation: The quantities P1, P2 … Pm are called poles of
N (S) if N (S) = ∞ at those points. The pole is that finite
value of S for which N (S) becomes infinity.
Answer: c
Explanation: A function N (S) is said to have a pole (or
zero) at infinity, if the function N (1/S) has a pole (or zero) at
S = infinity. A zero or pole is said to be of multiplicity ‘r’ if (S-
Z)r or(S-P)r is a factor of P(s) or Q(s).
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View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The number of zeros including zeros at infinity
is equal to the number of poles including poles at infinity
and it cannot be greater than or less than the number of
poles including poles at infinity.
Answer: c
Explanation: A zero of N(s) is a zero of V(s),it signifies a
short circuit. Similarly a pole of Z(s) is a zero of I(s). The
poles of driving point impedance are those frequencies
corresponding to open circuit conditions.
Answer: d
Explanation: The zeros of driving point impedance are
those frequencies corresponding to short circuit conditions
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Answer: d
Explanation: In the driving point admittance function, a zero
of Y (s) means a zero of I (S) i.e., the open circuit condition
as the driving point admittance function is the ratio of I(s) to
V(s).
Answer: a
Explanation: The driving point admittance function Y(s) =
I(s)/V(s). In the driving point admittance function, a pole of
Y (s) means a zero of V (S) i.e., the short circuit condition.
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c) positive
d) negative
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The real part of all zeros and poles must be
negative or zero. But the poles or zeros should not be
positive because if they are positive, then they will lie in the
right-half of the s-plane.
Answer: d
Explanation: Poles or zeros lying on the jω axis must be
simple because on jω axis the imaginary part of poles or
zeros will be zero.
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Answer: a
Explanation: The coefficients of P(s), the numerator
polynomial and of Q(s), the denominator polynomial in a
transfer function must be real. Therefore all poles and zeros
if complex must occur in conjugate pairs.
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denominator polynomial.
a) greater than
b) less than
c) equal to
d) less than or equal to
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: In a transfer function, the degree of numerator
polynomial is less than or equal to than the degree of the
denominator polynomial. And the degree of the numerator
polynomial of Z21(s) or Y21(s) is less than or equal to the
degree of the denominator polynomial plus one.
Answer: c
Explanation: The real parts of all poles and zeros in a
driving point function must be zero or negative but should
not be positive and the complex or imaginary poles and
zeros must occur in conjugate pairs.
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Answer: b
Explanation: If the real part of driving point function is zero,
then the pole and zero must be simple but should not
contain any complex pole or complex zero.
Answer: c
Explanation: The degree of numerator polynomial and
denominator polynomial in a driving point function may
differ by zero or one. And the polynomials P(s) and Q(s)
may not have any missing terms between the highest and
lowest degrees unless all even or odd terms are missing.
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View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The lowest degree in numerator polynomial
and denominator polynomial in a driving point function may
differ by at most one and the coefficients in the polynomials
P(s) and Q(s) of network function must be real and positive.
Answer: a
Explanation: The coefficients in the denominator polynomial
of the transfer function must be positive but should not be
negative and the coefficients in the polynomials P(s) and
Q(s) of transfer function must be real.
Answer: d
Explanation: The coefficients in the numerator polynomial of
the transfer function may be negative and the complex or
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Answer: c
Explanation: The denominator polynomial in a transfer
function may not have any missing terms between the
highest and the lowest degree, unless all even or odd terms
are missing and the polynomial P(s) may have missing
terms between the lowest and the highest degree.
Answer: c
Explanation: The degree of numerator polynomial in a
transfer function may be as small as zero, independent of
the degree of the denominator polynomial and for the
voltage transfer ratio and the current transfer ratio, the
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