Political theory strives to understand, explain and analyze the political phenomena and

prescribe ways and means to fix the shortcomings. One of the fundamental differences that
distinguish human beings from the lower forms of life is their respective relations to their
environments. All living creatures except man are at the mercy of their surroundings. They
live under conditions which are not of their making and which are but little changed by their
efforts. No conscious purpose or definite idea of progress is possible among them. They live
in a world of nature and are constantly limited by its conditions, being unable to control it or
to change their own destiny by their own deliberate actions. Changing situations create new
theories; it refers to the processes through which change comes about as a result of a
program's strategies and action. It relates to how practitioners believe individual, intergroup,
and social/ systemic change happens and how, specifically, their actions will produce
positive results.

Rights are entitlements to perform certain actions, and to be in certain states; or entitlements
that others perform certain actions or be in certain states. Rights dominate modern
understandings of what actions are permissible and which institutions are just. Rights
structure the form of governments, the content of laws, and the shape of morality as it is
currently perceived. To accept a set of rights is to approve a distribution of freedom and
authority, and so to endorse a certain view of what may, must, and must not be done. Devine
Theory teaches us that a thing is good because God commands it to be done or evil because
God forbids it from being done. Thus, to say that it is good to love our neighbors is
semantically equivalent to saying God commands us to love our neighbors. Likewise, it is
evil to commit murder because God forbids murder. This work really tried make us see the
real world, the truth.

Social contract theory is the interpretation that persons' moral and political responsibilities
are dependent upon a contract or agreement among them to form the society in which they
live. Socrates practices something quite like a social contract argument to explain to Crito
why he must remain in prison and accept the death penalty. However, social contract theory
is rightly linked with modern moral and political theory and is given its first full exposition
and defense by Thomas Hobbes. After Hobbes, John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau are
the best known proponents of this enormously influential theory, which takes the most
dominant theories within moral and political theory throughout the history of the modern
West. Thus the social contract theory, in the hands of Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau, served
in turn as the support of absolute monarchy, constitutional monarchy, and democracy.
Similarly, the theory of feudalism, and the doctrines of church and state were adapted, as
needed, to the political development of the Middle Ages.
Theories ranging all the way from anarchism to socialism show the wide divergence of
opinion within this field. Whether the state or the individual is the more important, to be first
considered if the interests of both fail to harmonize; whether the functions of the state should
be narrowed to the least possible interference with individual freedom, or whether the state
should assume a paternal control over a wide sphere of activity, are problems that must be
dealt with, if they cannot be solved. Rousseau explained that freedom is more than anything
in this world, it aims to explain how we, in the state of society is given an enviable total
freedom. This freedom is total for two reasons. 1st is that natural man is physically free
because he is not constrained by a repressive state apparatus or dominated by his fellow men.
Second, he is psychologically and spiritually free because he is not enslaved to any of the
artificial needs that characterize modern society. Secondly, sense of freedom, the freedom
from need, makes up a particularly insightful and revolutionary component of Rousseau’s
philosophy. Rousseau believed modern man’s enslavement to his own needs was responsible
for all sorts of societal ills, from exploitation and domination of others to poor self-esteem
and depression

Political theory is the cataloging of social thought by a group or by the coaxing or beliefs of a
geo-political mass. Many political theories are founded as critiques toward existing political,
economic and social conditions of the theorist’s time. Political theory can also be considered
as a critical tradition of discourse that provides a reflection on collective life, the uses of
collective power, and resources within a collectivity. The emphasis of political theory
changes over time. Geographic causes, common interests, the feeling of nationality, and
political expediency are among the causes that create this unity, or general will, as it may be
called; and when it is outwardly realized in the creation of government, a state exists.

The modern theory of the state, then, consists of a historical survey of its origin and growth,
of a critical and legal analysis of its nature, elements, organization, and relations, and of a
philosophical and ethical conception of its ends and functions. For this study material is
drawn from historical data, from past political theory, and from present political conditions
and ideals. Modern theory is further influenced by the prevailing mode of thought and the
accepted ethical standards. While dealing with the concrete manifestations of various and
diverse forms of political organization, the principles that underlie the state in the abstract,
the universal phenomena of political life, are being discovered, analyzed, and classified.
From all this material may be built up a theory of the state, viewing it as organized whole, as
the natural outgrowth of conditions in nature and among men, and as performing many and
valuable services for the individual and for humanity