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g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0f P]g @)%# sf] bkmf % sf] v08 -7_ df ljdfg:yndf e"ld:y
k|jGw -u|fp08 Xof08lnË_ ;]jf ;~rfng ug{], u/fpg] k|flws/0fsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/
/x]sf]n],
;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf !) sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -ª_ df ljdfg:yn tyf ljdfg:yn If]q leq
e"ld:y k|jGw -u|fp08 Xof08lnË_ ;]jf ;~rfng nufot cGo Jofkf/ Jofj;fo ug{]x?;Fu
tf]lsP adf]lhd ef8f tyf z'Ns c;'n ug{] Joj:yf /x]sf]n],
ljdfg:yndf ;~rfng ul/g] e"ld:y k|jGw -u|fp08 Xof08lnË_ ;]jf Jojl:yt tyf :t/Lo
?kdf ;~rfng u/L k|flws/0fsf] cfodf ;3fpm k'¥ofpg af+5gLo ePsf] x'Fbf g]kfn gful/s
p8\8og k|flws/0fsf] P]g @)%# sf] bkmf #% tyf g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0f gful/s
p8\8og lgodfjnL, @)%* sf] lgod *! / *@ n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L g]kfn gful/s
p8\8og k|flws/0f ;~rfns ;ldltn] of] lgb{]lzsf agfO{ nfu" u/]sf] 5 .
kl/R5]b—!
k|f/lDes
! ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M -!_ of] lgb{]lzsfsf] gfd æg]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0f,
jfo'ofgx?sf] e"ld:y k|jGw ;'ljwf -u|fp08 Xof08lnË_ ;]jf lgb{]lzsf @)^( /x]sf] 5 .
-@_ of] lgb{]lzsf k|flws/0f ;~rfns ;ldltaf6 :jLs[lt ePsf] ldlt b]lv nfu'
x'g]5 .
-#_ of] lgb{]lzsf g]kfnsf ladfg:ynx?af6 p8fg ug{ cg'dlt k|fKt jfo'ofgsf]
xsdf dfq nfu' x'g]5 .
1
@= kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;+un] csf{] cy{ gnfu]df o; lgb{]lzsfdf M
-s_ ælgb{]lzsfÆ eGgfn] g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0f jfo'ofgx?sf] e"ld:y k|jGw
;'ljwf -u|fp08 Xof08lnË_ ;]jf lgb{]lzsf @)^( ;Demg' kb{5 .
-v_ æe"ld:y k|jGw -u|fp08 Xof08lnË_ ;]jfÆ eGgfn] g]kfnsf ljdfg:ynaf6 p8fg x'g]
jfo'ofgnfO{ pknAw u/fO{g] e"ld:y k|jGw ;'ljwf ;]jf ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn]
g]kfnsf ljdfg:ynaf6 p8fg ug{] jfo'ofgsf ;DaGwdf k\mo'n P08 cfon
Xof08lnË, k|]m6 P08 d]n Xof08lnË sdlz{on Po/qmfkm\6 d]G6]g]G; P08 ;le{;]h /
Sof6l/Ë ;le{;]hsf ;DaGwdf 5'§f5'§} / cGo ;]jfsf xsdf ;fd'lxs ?kdf b]xfosf
;]jfx?nfO{ hgfpFb5 / ;fd'lxs ?kdf u|fp08 Xof08lnË ug]{ cg'dlt tyf
k|df0fkq k|fKt jfo';]jf jf ;+:yfn] k\mo'n P08 cfon Xof08lnË, k|]m6 P08 d]n
Xof08lnË, Sof6l/Ë ;le{;]h, sdlz{on Po/qmfkm\6 d]g6]g]G;sf ;DaGwdf To:tf]
;]jf ;~rfng ug{ cg'dlt kfPsf ;+:yf;+u ;f] ;]jf ;'ljwfsf nflu ;dGjo ug{
;Sg]5g\ .
u|fp08 P8ldlg:6«]zg P08 ;'k/lehg .
Kof;]Gh/ Xof08lnË .
Jofu]h Xof08lnË .
¥ofDk Xof08lnË ;fd'lxs ;]jf
km\nfO6 ck/];G; P08 qm' P8ldlg:6«]zg .
;km{]; 6«fG;kf]6{ .
Sof6l/Ë ;le{;]h .
km\o"n P08 cfon Xof08lnË . 5'§} ;]jf
k|m]6 P08 d]n Xof08lnË .
Po/qmfkm\6 d]G6]g]G; P08 ;le{;]h .
-u_ æsfof{noÆ eGgfn] g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0f cGtu{tsf gful/s p8\8og
sfof{no ;Demg' k5{ .
-ª_ æ;ldltÆ eGgfn] gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0f ;~rfns ;ldlt ;Demg' k5{ .
-5_ æ;:yfÆ eGgfn] e"ld:y k|jGw ;'ljwf -u|fp08 Xof08lnË_ ;]jf ;~rfng ug{
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd btf{ ePsf] 5'§} jf ;fem]bf/L ;:yf ;d]t ;Demg' kb{5 .
-h_ æ;]Nkm u|fp08 Xof08lnËÆ eGgfn] g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0faf6 g]kfnsf
ljdfg:ynx?af6 p8fg ug{ o; lgb{]lzsf adf]lhd cg'dlt tyf k|df0fkq k|fKt
2
u/L p8fg ;+rfng ug{] JolQm jf ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] p8fgdf /x]sf] jfo'ofgsf] cfkm}n]
e"ld:y k|jGw ;]jf ;+rfng ug{] eGg] ;Demg' kb{5 .
-@_ pkv08 -!_ adf]lhd dxflgb{]zsn] u/]sf] JofVof pk/ lrQ ga'emL ;ldlt
;dIf s;}n] lgj]bg lbPdf ;ldltn] 5fgljg u/L JofVof ;lxt lgb{]zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
;ldltn] u/]sf] JofVof clGtd JofVof x'g]5 .
kl/R5]b — @
cGt/f{li6«o p8fgdf /x]sf jfo'ofgx?sf] e"ld:y k|jGw ;'ljwf
-u|fp08 Xof08lnË_ ;]jf ;~rfng ;DaGwL Joj:yf
$ e"ld:y k|jGw ;'ljwf -u|fp08 Xof08lnË_ ;]jf ;~rfg ug{ k|flws/0fsf] cg'dlt lng'
kg{M] -!_ lgoldt p8fg ug{] jfo';]jf jf jfo'ofg ;+rfnsn] cGt/f{li6«o p8fgdf
;~rfng x'g] cfkm\gf] jfo'ofgsf] e"ld:y k|jGw ;'ljwf ;]jf ljdfg:yndf cfkm}n]
;~rfng ug{ ;]Nkm u|fp08 Xof08lnË ug{ jf s'g} ;+:yfn] s/f/df cGo jfo';]jf jf
jfo'ofg ;+rfnsx?sf] jfo'ofgsf] e"ld:y k|jGw ;'ljwf -sdlz{on u|fp08 Xof08lnË_
;]jf ;~rfng ug{ rfx]df k|flws/0fsf] cg'dlt lng' kg{]5 . cg'dltsf] nflu cfj]bg ubf{
g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0f, gful/s p8\8og lgodfjnL, @)%* sf] cg';"rL -!_
df pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf] z'Ns tyf ;f]xL cg';"rLdf pNn]lvt hdfgt /sdsf] kfFr
k|ltzt gub /sd jf a}+s Uof/]06L clu|d bflvnf ug{' kg{]5 .
-@_ Ps xKtfdf slDtdf PStL; -#!_ lgoldt p8fg ;~rfng ug{ cg'dlt
kfPsf] jfo';]jf jf jfo'ofg ;+rfnsn] dfq cfkm\gf] cGt/f{li6«o p8fgdf ;+rfng x'g]
3
jfo'ofgsf] e"ld:y k|jGw ;'ljwf ;]jf ljdfg:yndf cfkm}n] ;+rfng ug{ -;]Nkm u|fp08
Xof08lnË ug{_ pk–v08 -!_ cg';f/ cfj]bg lbg ;Sg]5g\ .
t/, of] lgb{]lzsf nfu" x'g' k"j{ ;]Nkm u|fp08 Xof08lnË ug{] cg'dlt tyf
k|df0fkq k|fKt u/L ;]jf ;~rfng u/L /x]sf jfo';]jfx? tyf cGt/f{li6«o p8fg tkm{sf
p4f/ p8fg jf xl:k6n p8fg jf ;fgf cGt/f{li6«o rf6{/ p8fg jf o:t} k|s[ltsf
go"gtd pks/0f dfq k|of]u ug{] p8fgn] ;]Nkm u|fp08 Xof08lnË ug{ rfx]df o;
v08df pNn]lvt p8fg ;+Vofsf] ;Ldf nfu' x'g] 5}g .
-$_ pk–v08 -@_ jdf]lhdsf] cfjZostf k"/f u/L ;]Nkm u|fp08 Xof08lnË ;]jf
;~rfng ug{ pk–v08 -!_ adf]lhd cfj]bg lbg] jfo';]jf jf jfo'ofg ;+rfnsnfO{
k|flws/0fn] :yfg tyf cj:yf x]/L ;]Nkm u|fp08 Xof08lnË ug{] cg'dlt k|bfg ug{
;lsg]5 . o:tf] cg'dlt k|fKt ug{ ;DalGwt jfo';]jfn] cfkm"n] k|bfg ug{] ;]jfsf nflu
rflxg] pko"Qm pks/0f tyf bIf hgzlQmsf] Joj:yf u/L :t/Lo ;+rfng sfo{ljlw tyf
u|fp08 Xof08lnË Dofg"cn dxflgb{]zsaf6 :jLs[lt u/fO{;s]kl5 k|flws/0fn] g]kfn
gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0f, gful/s p8\8og lgodfjnL, @)%* sf] cg';"rL—! df
plNnlvt z'Ns lnO{ o; lgb{]lzsfsf] cg';"rL -!_ adf]lhdsf] cg'dlt tyf k|df0f–kq
k|bfg ug{ ;lsg] 5 . o;/L cg'dlt tyf k|df0f–kq k|fKt u/]kl5 To:tf] jfo';]jfn]
;DalGwt sfof{no;Fu cfjZos ;Demf}tf ug{' kg{]5 . o:tf] cg'dlt tyf k|df0f–kq k|fKt
u/L ;DalGwt sfof{no;Fu ;Demf}tf ul/;s]kl5 To:tf] jfo';]jfn] cfkm\gf] cGt/f{li6«o
p8fgdf ;+rfng x'g] jfo'ofgsf] cfkm} u|fp08 Xof08lnË ug{ ;Sg]5 .
4
-%_ pk–v08 -!_ cg';f/ e"ld:y k|jGw ;]jf ;~rfng ug{ cg'dltsf nflu pk–
v08 -#_ adf]lhdsf] Joj:yf ;lxt sdlz{on u|fp08 Xof08lnË ;]jf ;~rfng ug{
:jLs[lt dfu u/L cfj]bg lbg] ;+:yfnfO{ k|flws/0fn] e"ld:y k|jGw ;]jf k|bfg ug{
cflwsfl/s cg'dlt kq -n]6/ ckm OG6]06_ k|bfg ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
-^_ pk–v08 -%_ adf]lhd cg'dlt kq k|fKt ;+:yfn] cg'dlt kq k|fKt u/]sf]
ldltn] Ps jif{ leq pko'Qm pks/0f tyf bIf hgzlQmsf] Joj:yf u/L :t/Lo ;+rfng
sfo{ljlw / e"ld:y k|jGw ;'ljwf Dofg'cn cflb dxflgb{]zsaf6 :jLs[t u/fpg' kg{]5 .
o:tf] Joj:yf ul/;s]kl5 k|flws/0fn] g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0f, gful/s
p8\8og lgodfjnL, @)%* sf] cg';"rL -!_ adf]lhdsf] z'Ns lnO{ o; lgb{]lzsfsf]
cg';"rL -!_ adf]lhdsf] cg'dlt tyf k|df0f–kq k|bfg ug]{5 . To;/L cg'dlt tyf
k|df0fkq k|fKt u/]kl5 To:tf] ;:yfn] ;DalGwt sfof{no;Fu cfjZos ;Demf}tf ug{' kg{]5
/ To:tf] ;Demf}tf ul/;s]kl5 dfq ;f] ;+:yfn] sdlz{on u|fp08 Xof08lnË sfo{ k|f/De
ug{ ;Sg]5 . ;f] cjlw leq sfo{ k|f/De gu/]df jf ;Demf}tf ePkl5 ;Demf}tf adf]lhd
sfo{ ;~rfng gu/]df jf ;Demf}tf adf]lhd sfd gu/L s/f/sf zt{ pNn+3g u/]df jf
Ps kIfLo ?kdf ;Demf}tf e+u u/]df v08 -!#_ adf]lhd /flvPsf] a}+s Uof/]06L /sd
k|flws/0fn] hkmt u/L cfkm\gf] sf]ifdf cfDbfgL af+Wg]5 .
kl/R5]b #
cfGtl/s jfo';]jfx?sf] e"ld:y k|aGw ;DaGwL Joj:yf
%= cfGtl/s p8fgsf] nflu e"ld:y k|aGw ;'ljwf ;]jf k|bfg ug{ cg'dlt lng' kg]{ M -!_
cfGtl/s p8fgdf /x]sf jfo';]jfx?n] cfk\mgf] jfo'ofgsf] e"ld:y k|aGw -u|fp08
Xof08lnË_ ;]jf cfkm}+ ug{ rfx]df g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0f, gful/s p8\8og
lgodfjnL, @)%* sf] cg';"rL -!_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf] z'Ns tyf hdfgt
afktsf] gub /sd jf a}+s Uof/]06L ;lxt k|flws/0f ;dIf cfj]bg ug'{ kg]{5 . o;sf
nflu p8fg ;+Vofsf] aGb]h /xg] 5}g .
-@_ of] lgb]{lzsf nfu" x'+bfsf avt k\mo"n P08 cfon Xof08lnË tyf Sof6l/Ë
;]jf k|bfg ug]{] ;+:yfn] g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0f, gful/s p8\8og lgodfjnL
@)%* sf] cg';"lr ! adf]lhd cfj]bg tyf k|df0fkq b:t'/ tyf w/f}6L a'emfO
k|flws/0fdf cfj]bg ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L cfj]bg k|fKt x'g cfPdf k|flws/0fn] cfjZos
5fgljg u/L ;f] sf] cg'dlt tyf k|df0fkq k|bfg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkv08 -!_ adf]lhd k\mo'n P08 cfon Xof08lnË ug]{ tyf Sof6l/Ë ;]jf
;'ljwf k|bfg ug]{ ;+:yfn] cfj]bg tyf k|df0fkq b:t'/sf] ;fydf gful/s p8\8og
lgodfjnL @)%* adf]lhd w/f}6L /fVg' kg]{5 .
-$_ kmo'n P08 cfon Xof08lnË tyf Sof6l/Ë afkt a'emfpg] b:t'/
"ladfg:yn ;]jf z'Ns lgodfjnL @)^&" adf]lhd x'g]5 .
kl/R5]b %
e"ld:y k|aGw ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf
&= xfn cfkm} cfkm\gf] jfo'ofgsf] e"ld:y k|jGw ;'ljwf ;]jf ;~rfng ub{} cfO/x]sf
jfo';]jfx?n] o;} lgb{]lzsf adf]lhd cg'dlt lng' kg{]M of] lgb{]lzsf k|f/De x'Fbfsf] avt
ljdfg:yndf cfkm} cfkm\gf] jfo'ofgsf] e"ld:y k|jGw ;'ljwf ;~rfng ub{} cfO/x]sf]
jfo';]jfx?n] klg oL] zt{x? k"/f u/L cg'dlt lng' kg{]5 .
* cg'dlt tyf btf{ k|df0f–kq gjLs/0f ug{' kg{] M v08 $ tyf v08 ^ adf]lhd cg'dlt
tyf k|df0f–kq k|fKt ug{] jfo';]jf jf ;+:yfsf] calw k|To]s jif{sf] c;f/ d;fGtdf
;dfKt x'g]5 . s;}n] ;]jfsf] calw gjLs/0f ug{ rfx]df g]kfn gful/s p8\8og
k|flws/0f, gful/s p8\8og lgodfjnLsf] cg';"rL -!_ df pNn]lvt gjLs/0f b:t'/
lt/L cjlw ;dfKt ePsf] Ps xKtf leq gjLs/0f ug{ cfj]bg lbg' kg{]5 . ;f] cjlw leq
gjLs/0f ug{ gcfPdf b}lgs ?= !)))÷– sf b/n] ljnDj z'Ns afkt yk /sd lt/L
#% lbg leq k|flws/0faf6 gjLs/0f u/fpg ;Sg]5 . ;f] calw leq klg gjLs/0f
gu/]df cg'dlt tyf k|df0f–kq :jtM /2 x'g]5 .
6
(= e"ld:y k|jGw ;'ljwf -u|fp08 Xof08lnË_ ;]jf ;~rfng ug{ cg'dlt k|fKt ;+:yfn]
;]jfsf] :t/Lotf k'¥ofpg' kg{] M v08 $ adf]lhd cfkm} jf s/f/df e"ld:y k|jGw ;'ljwf
-u|fp08 Xof08lnË_ ;]jf k|bfg ug{ cg'dlt k|fKt ;+:yfn] cGt/f{li6«o gful/s p8\8og
;+u7g (ICAO) tyf cGt/f{li6«o xjfO{ oftfoft ;+u7g -IATA_ åf/f lgwf{/0f ul/P
cg';f/sf] dfkb08 :t/Lo ;]jf ;~rfng ug{' kg{] / u|fp08 Xof08lnË ;]jfdf k|of]u x'g]
pks/0f IATA åf/f lgwf{l/t :t/ cg'?ksf] x'g' kg{]5 . o;/L ;~rfng ug{] ;'ljwf
;]jf :t/Lo ;+rfng sfo{ljlw tyf u|fp08 Xof08lnË Dofg"cndf :ki6 u/]sf] x'g' kb{5 .
!)= s/f/df e"ld:y k|jGw ;'ljwf ;]jf ;~rfng ug]{ cg'dlt k|fKt ;+:yfn] cfkm"n] e"ld:y
k|jGw ;'ljwf k|bfg u/] afkt lng] z'Ns k|flws/0faf6 :jLs[t u/fpg' kg{]M s/f/df
e"ld:y k|jGw ;'ljwf ;]jf ;~rfng ug{ cg'dlt k|fKt ;+:yfn] cfkm"n] e"ld:y k|jGw
;'ljwf k|bfg u/] jfkt e"ld:y k|jGw ;'ljwf ;]jf k|bfg ug{ :jLsf/ ug{] jfo';]jf jf
jfo'ofg ;+rfnsx?;Fu lng] z'Ns k|flws/0faf6 :jLs[t u/fpg' kg{]5 . ;fdfGotofM
o:tf] z'Ns l5d]sL d'n'sdf e"ld:y k|jGw ;'ljwf k|bfg ubf{ lnOg] u/]sf] clwstd z'Ns
eGbf a9L gx'g] u/L :jLs[lt k|bfg ul/g]5 . e"ld:y k|jGw ;'ljwf k|bfg u/] jfkt o:tf
;+:yfn] e"ld:y k|jGw ;'ljwf k|fKt ug]{ jfo';]jf jf jfo'ofg ;+rfns;Fu k|flws/0faf6
:jLs[t z'Ns afx]s cGo s'g} lsl;dsf] /sd lng kfpg] 5}g .
!!= cfkm\gf] jfo';]jfsf] e"ld:y k|jGw ;'ljwf ;]jf cfkm} ;~rfng ug{ cg'dlt k|fKt jfo';]jf
jf jfo'ofg ;~rfnsn] a'emfpg' kg{] axfn tyf b:t'/ M -!_ v08 -$_ cg';f/ cfkm\gf]
jfo'ofgsf] cfkm} e"ld:y k|jGw ;'ljwf -;]Nkm u|fp08 Xof08lnË ;]jf ;~rfng ug{
cg'dlt k|fKt jfo';]jf jf jfo'ofg ;~rfnsn] e"ld:y k|jGw ;'ljwf -u|fp08 Xof08lnË_
;]jf ;~rfng ubf{ sfof{no;Fu % aif{sf] cjlw ga9fO{ cjlw tf]sL ;Demf}tf u/L
pks/0f /fVg] If]q lgwf{/0f u/L k|flws/0fnfO{ hUuf axfn tyf ;jf/L ;fwg k|j]z b:t'/
tyf cGo b:t'/ a'emfpg' kg{]5 .
-@_ lgb{]lzsfsf] v08 -$_ sf] pkv08 -@_ sf] k|ltaGWfTds jfSof+;df pNn]lvt
p4f/ p8fg jf xl:k6n p8fg jf ;fgf cGt/f{li6«o rf6{/ p8fg jf o:t} k|s[ltsf
Go"gtd pks/0f dfq k|of]u u/] k'Ug] lsl;dsf jfo'ofgsf] jfo'ofg ;~rfnsn] cfkm}
u|fp08 Xof08lnË ug{ rfx]df o; lgb{]lzsfdf pNn]v adf]lhdsf] ;Demf}tf ug{' kg{] 5}g .
t/, o:tf p8fgdf cfpg] jfo'ofgx?n] u|fp08 P8ldlg:6«]zg P08 ;'k/lehg jfkt
;DalGwt gful/s p8\8og sfof{nonfO{ gful/s p8\8og lgodfjnL @)%* adf]lhdsf]
z'Ns a'emfpg' kg{]5 .
!@= s/f/df u|fp08 Xof08lnË ug{ cg'dlt k|fKt ;+:yfn] b:t'/ a'emfpg' kg{]M -!_ v08 -$_
sf] pkv08 -^_ cg';f/ s/f/df e"ld:y k|jGw ;'ljwf ;]jf ;~rfng ug{ cg'dlt k|fKt
;+:yfn] sfof{no;Fu % jif{sf] cjlw ga9fO{ cjlw tf]sL pks/0f /fVg] If]q lgwf{/0f u/L
cfjZos ;Demf}tf u/L k|rlnt lgod cg';f/sf] hUuf axfn, ;jf/L ;fwg k|j]z b:t'/
tyf g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0f, gful/s p8\8og lgodfjnL, @)%* sf] cg';"rL
-!_ adf]lhd b:t'/ k|flws/0fnfO{ a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
7
-@_ pk–v08 -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu s/f/df e"ld:y k|jGw ;'ljwf -
u|fp08 Xo08lnË_ ;]jf ;~rfng ug{ cg'dlt k|fKt ;+:yfn] k|rlnt n]vf k4lt adf]lhd
cfosf] n]vf /fVg' kg{]5 .
-#_ pk–v08 -@_ adf]lhd cfosf] n]vf ljj/0f ;lxt ;Demf}tf cg';f/ pk–v08
-!_ adf]lhdsf] b:t'/ sfof{nonfO{ a'emfpg' kg{]5 .
-$_ pk–v08 -@_ adf]lhd n]vf b'?:t /fv] g/fv]sf] sfof{no tyf k|flws/0fn]
;do ;dodf cg'udg, lg/LIf0f tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!# e"ld:y k|jGw ;'ljwf ;]jf ;~rfng ug{ :jLs[lt k|fKt jfo';]jf ;~rfns jf ;+:yfn]
gub hdfgt jf a}+s Uof/]06L /fVg' kg{] M e"ld:y k|jGw ;'ljwf ;]jf ;~rfng ug{
cg'dlt k|fKt jfo';]jf ;~rfns jf ;+:yfn] k|flws/0fnfO{ a'emfpg' kg{] gub hdfgt jf
a}+s Uof/]06L /sd g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0f, gful/s p8\8og lgodfjnL,
@)%* sf] cg';"rL -!_ adf]lhd x'g]5 . pQm /sd dWo] kfFr k|ltzt gub /sd v08
-!_ adf]lhd b/vf:t ;fy hDdf u/L afFsL /sdsf] gub hdfgt jf a}+s Uof/]06L
cg'dlt k|fKt ug{' k"j{ a'emfpg' kg{]5 .
!$ hdfgt km's'jf x'g] M v08 -!#_ adf]lhd /flvPsf] a}+s Uof/]06L /sd ;Demf}tfsf] cjlw
;dfKt ePkl5 k|flws/0fnfO{ a'emfpg' kg{] afsL jSof}tf /sd s§f u/L jfFsL gub
hdfgt jf a}+s Uof/]06L ;DalGwt jfo';]jf jf ;+:yfnfO{ km's'jf ul/g]5 .
!^ t]>f] kIfLo aLdf u/fpg' kg{] M u|fp08 Xof08lnË ;]jf ;'ljwf k|bfg ug]{ ;+:yfn] ;]jfsf]
l;nl;nfdf k|of]u ug{] d]lzg, cf}hf/ tyf dfgjLo q'l6jf6 x'g ;Sg] t]>f] kIfsf] Iflt
Joxf]g{ t]>f] kIfLo aLdf -y8{ kf6L{ lnofljln6L OG:of]/]G;_ u/fO{ ;f] sf] aLdfn]v
k|flws/0fdf k]z ug{' kg{]5 . o;/L t]>f] kIfLo aLdf u/fpFbf klxn] b]lv g} To:tf] ljdf
u/]sf] eP ;f] ;d]t u/L ;du|df cGt/f{li6«o p8fgsf] nflu slDtdf o"=P;=8n/
%,)),)),))). -cIf]/]kL o"=P;=8n/ kfFr s/f]8_ tyf Sof6l/Ë ;]jfsf] xsdf o"=P; 8n/
!),)),)))÷– -bz nfv_ / cfGtl/s p8fgsf] nflu ?= %,)),)),))). -cIf]/]kL kfFr
s/f]8_ x'g' kg]{5 .
8
!& Iflt k"lt{ ug{' kg{] M sdlz{on u|fp08 Xof08lnË ;]jf ;'ljwf k|fKt ;+:yf jf jfo';]jfn]
lgoldt ?kdf :t/Lo ;]jf k|bfg ug{ g;s]df ;f]af6 ;]jfu|fxL -;]jf lng]_ jfo';]jfnfO{
ePsf] Ifltk"lt{ sdlz{on u|fp08 Xof08lnË ;]jf k|bfg ug{] ;+:yfn] Joxf]g{' kg{]5 . ;fy}
u|fp08 Xof08lnË ubf{ bf]>f] jf t]>f] kIfsf] Iflt x'g uO{ To:tf] Iflt k"lt{sf] dfu eO{
cfPdf To;sf] lhDd]jf/L ;DalGwt ;+:yfn] lng' kg{]5 .
kl/R5]b ^
e"ld:y k|aGw ;DaGwL k|zf;lgs Joj:yf
!*= p8fg cg'dlt k|bfg ubf{ u|fp08 Xof08n/ clgjfo{ ?kdf tf]lsg' kg]{ Joj:yf M of]
sfo{lalw cg';f/ g]kfndf p8fgsf] nflu cg'dlt dfu ug]{ ;a} jfo';]jfx?n] cg'dlt
dfu ubf{ cfk\mgf] u|fp08 Xof08lnË s;n] ug]{ xf] :ki6 u/L cfj]bg ug'{ kg]{5 / p8fg
cg'dlt lb+bf g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0f, jfo'';]jf dfldnf laefun] cg'dlt
kqdf u|fp08 Xof08n/ :ki6 tf]lslbg' kg]{5 . cfj]bsn] u|fp08 Xof08n/ tf]sL
cfj]bg lbPsf]df jfo';]jf dfldnf laefun] ;f] u|fp08 Xof08n/n] cg'dlt kfP
gkfPsf] km]l;ln6]zg laefuaf6 Plsg ug'{ kg]{5 .
!( jfo';]jfx?sf] cg'dlt ;DaGwL cfj]bg lng] Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -s_ of]
sfo{lalw cg';f/ ;]Nkm tyf sd{lz{on u|fp08 Xof08lnË ug]{ jfo';]jf jf ;+:yfn]
cg'dlt dfu ubf{ g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0f, k]ml;ln6]zg laefudf cfj]bg ug'{
kg]{5 .
-v_ o; ljefun] kg{ cfPsf cfj]bg pk/ sfo{lalwdf pNn]lvt laa/0f cWoog u/L
;a} cfjZostf k"/f ePkl5 :jLs[ltsf] nflu ladfg:yn Joj:yfkg tyf ljsf;
lgb]{zgfno dfkm{t dxflgb]{zs ;dIf k]z ug]{5 .
-u_ pkv08 -v_ adf]lhd :jLs[t ePsf jfo';]jf jf ;+:yfx?nfO{ cg'dlt tyf
k|df0fkq hf/L ePkl5 sfof{Gjogsf nflu km]l;ln6]zg ljefun] ;DalGwt gful/s
p8\8og sfof{nodf k7fpg[' kg]{5 .
-3_ of] sfo{ljlw cg';f/ cg'dlt k|bfg ul/Psf jfo';]jf jf ;+:yfn] ;dod} gljs/0f
u/] gu/]sf] x]/L km]l;ln6]zg ljefun] ;dod} ;DalGwt jfo';]jf jf ;+:yfnfO{ hfgsf/L
u/fpg' kg]{5 .
@)= z'Ns tyf w/f}6L ;DaGwL Joj:yf M o; sfo{lalw cg';f/ a'emfpg' kg]{ z'Ns tyf
w/f}6L /sd km]l;ln6]zg laefusf] l;kmfl/zdf g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0f, cy{
laefudf a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
9
ladfg:ynsf] xsdf ;DalGwt ladfg:ynsf k|d'vn] ;DalGwt jfo';]jf jf ;+:yfnfO{
/\ofDksf] :yfg tf]Sg] Joj:yf ug]5
{ .
-v_ lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o ladfg:ynsf] xsdf u|fp08 k\mnfO6 ;]k\m6L dxfzfvfn] u|fp08
Xof08lnË cg'dlt tyf k|df0fkq k|fKt jfo';]jf jf ;+:yf;+u ug'{ kg]{ ;+emf}tfsf]
d:of]}bf tof/ u/L dxflgb]{zsaf6 :jLs[t u/fO{ ;f] cg';f/ ;+emf}tfsf] Joj:yf ug]{5 .
cfGtl/s ljdfg:ynsf] xsdf km]l;ln6]zg ljefun] d:of}bfsf] gd"gf tof/ u/L ;a}
cfGtl/s ljdfg:ynx?df k7fpg]5 .
-u_ lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o ladfg:ynsf] xsdf ;fgf tyf s'g} pks/0f cfjZos gkg]{
rf6{/ p8fgsf nflu cfpg] afo'ofgsf] u|fp08 P8ldlgi6]«zg tyf ;'k/lehgsf] sfo{
tyf ;f] afktsf] b:t'/ c;'n ug]{ sfo{ lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o ladfg:yn gful/s
p8\8og sfof{no dftxtsf] 6ld{gn Joj:yfkg dxfzfvfaf6 x'g]5 .
-3_ pkv08 -u_ adf]lhdsf] ;]Nkm u|fp08 Xof08lnË ug]{ jfo'ofgsf] b:t'/sf
;DaGwdf lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o ladfg:ynsf] cGt/f{li6«o p8fgsf] xsdf 6ld{gn
Joj:yfkg dxfzfvfsf] l;kmfl/zdf /fh:j zfvfn] a'lemlnP kl5 dfq 6ld{gn
Joj:yfkg dxfzfvfn] hg/n l8Sn/]zg -lh8L_ :jLs[t ug]{5 . cGo ladfg:ynsf]
xsdf ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'vn] b:t'/ tyf z'Ns c;'n ug]{ Joj:yf ug]{5 .
@@= vf/]hL / arfp M g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0f, cGt/f{li6«o p8fgdf /x]sf
jfo';]jfx?sf] e'ld:y k|aGw ;'ljwf -u|fp08 Xof08lnË_ ;]jf ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)^!
vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 / ;f] lgb]{lzsf cg';f/ eP u/]sf sfo{x? o;} lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd eP,
u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
@#= lgb{]zg lbg] dxflgb{]zssf] clwsf/ M ljdfg:yndf ;]Nkm u|fp08 Xof08lnË, sdlz{on
u|fp08 Xof08lnË, k\mo'n P08 cfon Xof08lnË, Sof6l/Ë Xof08lnË tyf k|]m6 P08 d]n
Xof08lnË ug{] cg'dlt k|fKt ;+:yfn] ;]jfsf] :t/ sfod u/fpg / cGo Joj:yfkg
;DaGwdf k|flws/0fsf] dxflgb{]zsn] ;do ;dodf lgb{]zg lbg ;Sg]5 . dxflgb{]zssf]
lgb{]zg kfngf ug{' jfo';]jf jf jfo'ofg ;+rfns tyf ;Da4 ;+:yfsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
10
cg';"rL – !
-v08 $ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
================================================
dxflgb{]zs
g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0f
11
cg';"rL – @
-v08 % ;Fu ;DalGwt_
12
g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0f, gful/s p8\8og lgodfjnL, @)%* sf] cg';"rL-! sf] a'+bf
!* sf] df}h'bf Joj:yfsf] ;6[f b]xfo adf]lhd /x]sf] 5 M
!*= e"ld:y k|aGw ;'ljwf -u|fp08 Xof08lnË_ ;]jf ;~rfng ;DaGwL z'Ns tyf w/f]}6L b:t'/M
-s_ e"ld:y k|aGw ;'ljwf -u|fp08 Xof08lnË_ ;]jf ;~rfng ug{ k|flws/0fsf] cg'dlt lng
cfj]bg ubf{ nfUg] z'Ns M
b|i6Jo M s'g} Pp6} ;+:yf jf jfo';]jfn] cfGtl/s tyf cGt/f{li6«o p8fgsf nflu u|fp08
Xof08lnË ;]jf ;'ljwfsf nflu cfj]bg ug]{ ePdf pk/f]Qmfg';f/ 5'6[f, 5'6}[ cfj]bg ug'{
kg]{5 .
-v_ e"ld:y k|aGw ;'ljwf -u|fp08 Xof08lnË_ ;]jf ;~rfng ug{ cg'dlt tyf k|df0f-kq
k|fKt ubf{ nfUg] z'Ns M
13
-u_ e"ld:y k|aGw ;'ljwf -u|fp08 Xof08lnË_ ;]jf ;~rfng ug]{ k|df0f-kq gjLs/0f z'Ns M
-3_ e"ld:y k|aGw ;'ljwf -u|fp08 Xof08lnË_ ;]jf ;~rfng ug{ cg'dlt tyf k|df0f-kq
k|fKt ug{ /fVg' kg]{ w/f}6L M
-ª_ påf/ p8fg, xl:k6n p8fg, ;fgf cGt/f{li6«o rf6{/ p8fg jf Go"gtd pks/0f dfq
k|of]u u/] k'Ug] p8fgsf] xsdf u|fp08 P8ldlgi6«]zg P08 ;'k/lehg jfkt cGt/f{li6«o
p8fgdf k|flws/0fnfO{ k|lt p8fg o"=P;=8n/ $)) a'emfpg' kg{]5 . cfGtl/s rf6{/
p8fgsf] xsdf k|lt p8fg o"=P;=8n/ %.)) a/fa/sf] g]kfnL ?k}Fof a'emfpg' kg{]5 .
-r_ ;]Nkm u|fp08 Xof08lnË u/] jfkt b]xfo adf]lhd z'Ns a'emfpg' kg{]5 M—
cGt/f{li6«o p8fg -k|lt p8fg_ cfGtl/s p8fg -k|lt p8fg_
o"=P;=8n/ !%)÷– k|lt p8fg o"=P;=8n/ !=)) a/fa/ g]kfnL ?k}of
14
-5_ k\mo'n P08 cfon Xof08lnË, Sof6l/Ë tyf k|]m6 P08 d]n Xof08lnË ug]{ ;+:yfn]
ladfg:yn ;]jf z'Ns lgodfjnL, @)^& cg';f/ / cGo sdlz{on e"ld:y k|aGw ;'ljwf
-u|fp08 Xof08lnË_ ;]jf ;~rfng u/] jfkt cg'dlt tyf k|df0f-kq k|fKt ;+:yfn]
e"ld:y k|aGw ;'ljwf -u|fp08 Xof08lnË_ jfkt cfh{g u/]sf] s"n cfo (Gross Revenue)
sf] Go"gtd !) k|ltzt /sd k|flws/0fnfO{ a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
b|i6Jo M e"ld:y k|aGw ;'ljwf -u|fp08 Xof08lnË_ ;]jfsf] kl/efiff lgb]{lzsfdf pNn]v eP
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
15