Title of Experiment : Aldehyde, Ketone, and Carboxylic Acid Identification

The Aims of Experiment :

a. To Identified The Aldehyde Group In Organic Compounds
b. To Identified The Ketone Group In Organic Compounds
c. To Identified The Carboxylic Group In Organic Compounds
d. To Differentiate The Aldehyde Group, Ketone Group, And Carboxylic
Group That In Organic Compounds

1. Tollens Test
a. Tollens Reagent Preparation

2 ml of AgNO3 5%

⁻ Poured it into test tube that

already cleaned before with
aquades, water and soap
⁻ Added 2 drops of NaOH 5%

Brown Precipitate

⁻ Stirred and shake it

⁻ Added NH4OH 2% drop by drop until the
brown precipitated solute

Tollens Reagent
 b. Tollens Test

Tollens Reagent

Tollens Tollens Tollens Tollens

Reagent A Reagent B Reagent C Reagent D

⁻ Added 2 ml of ⁻ Added 2 ml of ⁻ Added 2 ml of ⁻ Added 2 ml of

benzaldehyde Acetone cyclohexanone formaldehyde
⁻ Shake and ⁻ Shake and ⁻ Shake and wait ⁻ Shake and
wait until 10 wait until 10 until 10 minutes wait until 10
minutes minutes ⁻ If there’s no minutes
⁻ If there’s no ⁻ If there’s no reaction, put the ⁻ If there’s no
reaction, put reaction, put tube into hot reaction, put
the tube into the tube into water (35ᵒ-50ᵒC) the tube into
hot water (35ᵒ- hot water (35ᵒ- in 5 minutes hot water (35ᵒ-
50ᵒC) in 5 50ᵒC) in 5 ⁻ Written the 50ᵒC) in 5
minutes minutes result minutes
⁻ Written the ⁻ Written the ⁻ Written the
result result result

Result Result Result Result

 2. Fehling or Benedict Reagent Test

10 ml Fehling A 10 ml Fehling B

⁻ Poured in to the flask

Fehling Reagemt

Fehling Fehling Fehling Fehling

Reagent 1 Reagent 2 Reagent 3 Reagent 4
⁻ Added 2 ml ⁻ Added 2 ml of ⁻ Added 2 ml
⁻ Added 2 ml of
of n- acetone of
formaldehyde
heptaldehyde Cyclohexano
ne
⁻ Placed to cold water
⁻ Observed the its change in
10-15 minutes

Result
 3. Bisulphite Addition

5 ml of saturated sodium
bisulphite liquid

⁻ Added in to 50 ml Erlenmeyer flask

⁻ Cooled in ice water and written the
themperature
⁻ Added 2,5 ml ml acetone drop by drop
with shakeit
⁻ Waited 5 minutes and added 10 ml of
ethanol
⁻ Filtered it by funnel

Filtrated Residue

⁻ Added several
drops of
hydrochloric acid
⁻ Written the result

Result
 4. Testing With Phenylhydrazine

5ml of
Phenylhydrazine
− Added into reaction tube
− Added 10 drops of the compound that will be tested
(benzaldehide and cyclohexanone)
− Covered the reaction tube
− Shaked for 1-2 minutes strongly until crystal be
formed
− Filtered with funnel

Precipitate Filtrate
− Washed with cool water
− Added methanol and ethanol until crystal be formed
− Cara menentukan melting point
− Identified the melting point
− Tested benzaldehyde and cyclohexanone with 2,4-
dinitrophenylhydrazine using the same way and
determined the melting point

Result
5. Haloform Reaction

3ml of Sodium Hidroxide

─ Added 5 drops of acetone

─ Added iodium until there is no colour changing of
iodium (about 10 mL)

Result
6. Aldol Condensation

4 mL NaOH 1%

⁻ Poured in to a test tube

⁻ Added 0,5 mL acetaldehyde
⁻ Shaked it
⁻ Written the smell
The Smell that happened

⁻ Boiled the mixture for 3 minutes

⁻ Written rancid smell

Result

7. Carboxylic Acid Identification

a. 5 mL CH3COONa 10%

− poured into a test tube

− added 3 mL of KMnO4 1N
− Observed the change that occur

Result

5 mL CH3COONa 10%
b.
− poured into a test tube
− added 3 mL FeCl3 5%

Red solution

− boiled solution until brownish red precipitate formed

− filtered

Filtrate Residue

− added a few drops of K4FeCH6

− compared with color of ferric
chloride in the same amount
Melting point