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Series of Lessons
• Defining Elaboration
• Asking Questions that Lead to Elaboration
• Recognizing Elaboration
• Show, Don't Tell
• Specific, Concrete Details versus General Language
• Elaboration within Sentences
• Layering -- Elaboration Using Multiple Sentences
• Criteria for Assessment
ELABORATION WITHIN
SENTENCES
Lesson 6
Elaboration within a Sentence
• Sentences can be expanded by adding
elaboration.
• Sentences can be combined to provide
elaboration.
TELL
ME APPOSITIVES, PHRASES,
MORE. . .
AND CLAUSES.
Lesson 6
Appositives
Lesson 6
Appositives
• An appositive is a noun or noun phrase that
follows another noun or pronoun that renames it
or adds information.
Lesson 6
Appositives answer the reader’s
questions.
Mom---Natalya is
coming over
tonight.
Who is Natalya?
Lesson 6
Add an appositive to a
sentence.
WHO ?
• Ms. Ortega, ____________, is my teacher.
• Ms. Ortega, English teacher in room 7,
is my teacher.
Lesson 6
Elaborate by adding
appositives.
Try adding an appositive with a partner.
Lesson 6
Some Samples
• My school, the largest school in our town, is the
best.
• That lunch, liver, onions, and ketchup, was the
worst.
• Mrs. Dennis, our new librarian , helped me find a
site on the Internet.
• My car, an ancient jalopy inherited from my
brother, is a piece of junk.
Lesson 6
Combine sentences to form an
appositive.
We can combine the two following sentences into one
power-packed sentence and delete unnecessary words.
Lesson 6
Elaborate by combining sentences.
More practice
Lesson 6
Prepositional Phrases
• A prepositional phrase adds information and
elaboration by answering questions a reader
may have.
Lesson 6
Phrases add elaboration.
Example
Lesson 6
Clauses add elaboration.
Definition
• A clause is a group of words that
depends on a complete sentence and
starts with an introductory word such
as who, which, that, although, since, or
because and has its own subject and
verb.
Lesson 6
Clauses add elaboration.
Example
• Elaine had plenty of her own money.
• Elaine asked her friend Delia to pay for
her movie ticket.
Combined with a clause
Although Elaine had plenty of her own money,
she asked her friend Delia to pay for her
movie ticket.
Lesson 6
Another Example
Example
• Maryann and Jocelyn were both late
getting home.
• The party lasted longer than planned.
Combined with a clause
Because the party lasted longer than planned, Maryann
and Jocelyn were both late getting home.
Lesson 6
One More Example
Example
• Gabriel had a flat tire on Snoqualmie Pass.
• He was rescued by a state patrolman.
Combined with a clause
Gabriel, who had a flat tire on Snoqualmie Pass,
was rescued by a state patrolman.
OR
Lesson 6
Your turn to elaborate with clauses.
Combine the following pairs of sentences using
clauses.
Lesson 7
Layering seems like
• Each idea is carefully stacked
on the next. . . like bricks in a wall
Lesson 7
Every sentence and detail fit with
the rest of the topic
. . .like a set of nesting dolls.
Lesson 7
Listing vs. Layering
• Don’t add boring, list-like sentences just to make
the paragraph longer.
• REMEMBER – length doesn’t always mean
quality elaboration.
List-like example rather than layering -
Having lots of choices is the reason why I eat at school.
I love nachos. I like the pizza at school. Sometimes I
order salad when I am feeling full. I have some favorite
vegetables.
Lesson 7
Layering sounds like TOPIC
Lesson 7
Another layering example
TOPIC
Skiing down a Black Diamond run gives a
rush like no other. What appears like a peaceful
sport is really a contrast to the 50 mph feel of the
wind in your face, waist-high moguls to weave in
and out of while your thighs scream, “Stop!” With
a wind chill of minus 10, you still have sweat
dripping under your long johns as your
adrenaline pumps through your veins. You can’t
wait to get to the bottom of the run and do it
again.
Lesson 7
Practice layering.
• Read the following topic sentence. With a
partner take turns adding layers of
sentences that DEVELOP the topic.
Lesson 7
More Practice with Layering
In the following paragraph, discuss how all the
sentences layer or develop the topic.
Lesson 7
Remember…layering looks like
• Sentences thoughtfully placed with the
one main topic threaded through them
. . . purposely
explaining with
the needs of the
audience in mind.
Lesson 7