Design of Boundary Wall

(IS:875 Part 3) - 1987

Height of wall above ground = 2.5 m
Height of fencing (barbed wire) = 0.6 m
Width of wall (upto1.0 m= 250 = 0.25 m
and 1.0 m to 2.5m =125mm
Length of wall (one side) = 136 m
Ground (almost flat)
Wall below ground = 0 m
3
Mass density of masonary = 19.2 kN/m

Wind Data :
Basic Wind speed = 47 m/s
Terrain category = 1
Class of structure = C
Design wind speed, Vz
Vb = 47
K1 (considering mean probable design life of wall as 25 years) = 0.9
K2 (terrain category 1 and class of structure, C) = 0.99
K3 (ground is almost flat) = 1
Vz = Vb. K1. K2. K3 = 41.877 m/s

Design Wind Pressure ,PZ

2
Pz = 0.6 x (Vz)2 = 1052.20988 N/m

Wind Force, F
F = Cf Ae Pz
A) Force on wall, F1
Here, b =136 metre(approx), h= 2.5 m, b/h = 54.4
Since, wall is on ground and b/h = 54.4
Cf Drag coefficient 1.6
Ae effective frontal strip area 1 m2
2
Pz Design wind pressure 1052.21 N/m
Therefore, F1 = 1683.5358 N/m2
B) Force on Barbed wire, F2
Solidity ratio = 10%
Corressponding value of Cf = 1.9
(for single frame having flat
sided members)
Ae effective frontal strip area 0.1 m2
2
Pz Design wind pressure 1052.21 N/m
Therefore, F2 = 199.92 N
Wind moment due to Wall and Barbed wire
=199.92x(2.5+0.6/2) + 1683.536x2.5x (2.5/2) = 5820.8254 Nm
 = 5.82 kNm

Total Shear at base

= ( 4208.84x2.5+199.92)/1000 = 4.41 kN/m

Calculation of stresses at base

Total weight of masonry at base
(per metre length of wall)
={(1.5 x .125) + (1.0x.25)}x1.0 x 19.2 = 8.4 kN/m
Bending Moment
caused by vertical bending produced
at base on extreme edge
2
= 6M / bd
= (6x5820.825) /(1.0 x0.25 x0.25) = 558799.237 N/m2
Say, 0.56 N/mm2
Compressive stress due to wt.of masonry at base
= P/A
= (8.4 x 1000) / (1000 x 250) = 0.04 N/mm2

Maximum tensile stress at extreme fibre

for vertical bending.
=( 0.56-0.04) = 0.52 N/mm2

Tensile stress at the base of the wall is very much less. Moreover, Base of the
wall is supported by R.C.C beam . Therefore, no vertical bending will occur
due to wind load on wall. Ok.
 Design of Plinth Beam (Normal condition)
Data:
Size of the Beam : 250 x 400 x 6000 mm
Ht. Of Brick wall above beam : 2500 mm
Effective depth, d = 400 - 50 - 16/2 = 342 mm
Dead load of beam = 0.4 x 0.25 x 1.0 x 25 = 2.5 kN/m
Imposed load (Bk wall)=
(i) .125 x 1.5 x 1.0 x 19.2 3.6
(ii) .25 x 1.0 x 1.0 x 19.2 4.8 = 8.4 kN/m
+ ve Bending moment (at support) Staad calculation 38.67 kNm
-ve Bending moment (at centre) 9.728 kNm
Moment due to Earth pressure (1.0m ht.)
2
= 1/2x16x(1.0) x 0.25 @ 1.0/3 m 0.67 kNm
Mu = 1.5 (38.67 + 0.67) = 59.01 kNm
A) Design for maximum Bending moment at support :
The limiting moment of resistance,
2
Mulim = 0.138 fck bd
2
= 0.138 x 20 x 250 x 342 = 80.71 kNm
Mu = = 59.01 kNm
Mulim > Mu Hence , it is under reinforced beam

Percentage of steel,
4.6 Mu
1- 1- 2
f ck bd
Pt = 50
fy /fck
6
Mu 59.01 x 10
= 2.02
2 2
bd 250 x 342

4.6 x 2.02
1- 1-
20
Pt = 50 = 0.54
500
20

Minimum percentage of steel required

85 85
% = = 0.17%
fy 500

Therefore, Area of steel required,

2
Ast = (0.54 /100) x 250 x 400 = 540 mm

2
Provide , 2/16 F + 2/12 F bar = 628 mm

Actual area of steel is greater than required steel. Hence, Ok.

 Design of Plinth Beam ( wind condition)
Loads:
(i) Dead load of beam = 2.5 kN/m
(ii) Imposed load (Bk wall) = 8.4 kN/m
Total 10.9 kN/m

Moments:
(i) Wind moment due to Wall and Barbed wire = 5.82 kNm
(ii) Moment due to Earth pressure (1.0m ht.) = 0.67 kNm
(iii) Moment due to vertical loads (staad) = 38.67 kNm
Total 45.16 kN/m

Mu = 1.5 x 45.16 = 67.74 kNm

Mu lim = = 80.71 kNm
Mulim > Mu Hence , it is under reinforced beam

Percentage of steel (wind condition),

6
Mu 67.74 x 10
2
= 1.74
2
bd 250 x 342 x 1.33

4.6 x 1.74
1- 1-
20
Pt = 50 = 0.45
500
20

Percentage of steel provided (Normal condition), = 0.54

As percentage of steel required in wind condition is less than normal condition,

hence, area of steel provided in normal condition is Ok.
 Design of RCC Column (Normal Condition)
Data:
Size of the Column : 300 x 300 mm
Vertical Load on Column
(i) Self wt of Column = 0.30 x 0.30 x 3.2 x 25 7.2 kN
(ii) Imposed load due to brick wall + self wt of beam = 10.9x6 65.4 kN
Total 72.6 kN
Moment due to Earth pressure (1.0m ht.)
2
= 1/2x16x(1.0) x 0.25 @ 1.0/3 m 0.67 kNm

Ultimate Load, Pu = 1.5 x 72.6 108.9 kN

Ultimate Moment, Mu = 1.5 x 0.67 1.005 kNm

Check for slenderness :

Lex/D = Lex/B = 2500 / 300 = 8.33 < 12
Therefore, it is a short column.

Check for percentage of steel :

3
Pu / f ck bD = 108.9 x 10 0.06
20 x 300 x 300

6
2 1.005 x 10
Mu / f ck bD = 2
0.002
20 x 300 x 300

2
Pu / f ck bD and Mu/ fck bD is very much less,
To ensure proper composite action minimum area of longitudinal steel is required.

Minimum area of longitudinal reinforcement :

2
0.8 percent of gross area of column section = 720 mm
Provide 4-16 F bar
2
Area of steel provided = 4 x 201 = 804 mm
Percentage of steel provided = 0.89 %

Actual area of steel is greater than required steel. Hence, Ok.

Transverse reinforcement :
Diametre (f t) and spacing (Sv) of lateral ties are determined as follows :
ft < 5 mm
< larger diametre of 16 mm of longitudinal bars / 4 = 4 mm
Consider, f t = 8 mm
and Sv < minimum dimension of column section = 300 mm
< 16 x smaller diametre of 16mm of longitudinal bar = 256 mm
< 48 x diametre of 8 mm of lateral ties = 384 mm
Hence provide 8 mm f lateral ties at spacing 250 mm c/c
 Design of Column ( wind condition)
vertical Load on Column: = 72.6 kN

Moments:
(i) Wind moment due to Wall and Barbed wire = 5.82 kNm
(ii) Moment due to Earth pressure (1.0m ht.) = 0.67 kNm
Total 6.49 kNm

Ultimate Load, Pu = 1.5 x 72.6 108.9 kN

Ultimate Moment, Mu = 1.5 x 6.49 9.74 kNm

Check for percentage of steel :

3
108.9 x 10
Pu / f ck bD = 0.06
20 x 300 x 300

6
2 6.49 x 10
Mu / f ck bD = 2
0.01
20 x 300 x 300 x 1.33

2
Pu / f ck bD and Mu/ fck bD is very much less,
To ensure proper composite action 0.89% steel is provided.
which is more than minimum area of steel required in column. Hence, Ok.
 Design of Foundation (Eccentric consideration)
Loads :
Total Column Load = 72.6 kN
Assuming weight of footing = 14.52 kN
(20% of column load) Total = 87.12 kN
= 87120 N
Moments:
(i) Wind moment due to Wall and Barbed wire = 5.82 kNm
(ii) Moment due to Earth pressure (1.0m ht.) = 0.67 kNm
Total = 6.49 kNm
= 6490 Nm
Eccentricity :
6490
= = 0.07 m = 70 mm
87120
Area of footing :
Total load
=
Safe bearing capacity
87120
= 0.87 m2
100000
Therefore, side of footing = √ 0.87 0.93 m

Provide 1.2 m x 1.2m footing

The footing will be so provided so that the centre of gravity of the column load
will coincide with the centre of gravity of the footing area. The footing is placed symetrical
with respect to the XX axis of the column.

Projection of the footing beyond the Column faces :

600 - 70 - 150 = 380 mm
and 600 + 70 - 150 = 520 mm

72.6x 10 3 2
Net upward pressure intensity = = 50417 N/m
1.2 x 1.2
Depth of footing :
(1) Punching shear consideration :
Punching load = Column load - Reaction on column area.
= 72600 - 50417 x 0.30 2 = 68062 N
Factored punching load = 1.5 x 68062 = 102093 N

Equating punching shear resistance to factored load

= 4 x 300 x D x 1.8 = 102093 D = 47 mm

(2) Bending Moment consideration :

Bending moment at critical section = M
= 1.2 x 0.520 x 38472 x 0.520 /2 = 8180 Nm
 Factored moment, Mu = 1.5 x 8180 = 12270 Nm

Equating Mu, lim to Mu =

2 2
0.138 fck b d = 0.138 x 20 x 300 d = 12270 x 1000
therefore, d = 122 mm
Providing 12 mm f bars at a clear cover of 50 mm
Effective cover = 50 + 6 = 56 mm
Overall depth required = 122 + 56 = 178 mm

(3) Increased depth :

To limit the shear stresses the overall depth may be increased by 20% to 30%
Provide overall depth (178 mm x 1.3) = 231.4 mm say 250 mm
Actual effective depth, d = 250 - 50 - 6 = 194 mm

Area of Steel :
Mu 12270 x 1000
2 2
= 1.09
bd 300 x 194

Percentage of steel required

4.6 x 1.09
1- 1-
20
Pt = 50 = 0.27
500
20
2
Therefore, Ast = 0.27%x 300 x 194 = 157.14 mm

Provide 10 bars of 12 mm f. Similarly provide 10 bars of 12 mm f

in the other principal direction also.
2 2
Actual area of steel provided = 10 x 113 =1130 mm > 157.14 mm
Hence, Ok.