FACULTY OF CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

WATER ENGINEERING LABORATORY

LABORATORY PAPER INSTRUCTION

Subject Code BFC 21201

Experiment Code MKA – 01 (a)

Experiment Title BASIC HYDROLOGY

Section
 STUDENTS’ ETHICAL CODE (SEC)

DEPARTMENT OF WATER & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
BATU PAHAT, JOHOR

“I declare that I have prepared this report with my own efforts. I also
declare not receive or give any assistance in preparing this report and
make this affirmation in the belief that nothing is in, it is true”

……………………………………….
(STUDENT’S SIGNATURE)

NAME :………………………………
MATRIC NO :……………………………….
DATE :…………………………..…..

*This SEC paper sheet is compulsory to be compiled in the lab report for each student by group
 FACULTY OF CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL
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ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF WATER & ENVIRONMENTAL EDITION : 2
ENGINEERING REVIEW NO : 3
WATER ENGINEERING LABORATORY EFFECTIVE DATE : 17/05/2005

TITLE : BASIC HYDROLOGY AMENDMENT DATE : 28/02/2016

PART A: BASIC HYDROLOGY

1.0 OBJECTIVE
To identify the relationship between rainfall and runoff.

2.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the course, students should be able to apply the knowledge and skills they have
learned to:
a. Understand the basic terms in hydrology.
b. Understand the concept of watershed area including time of concentration
(tc) and outlet or concentration point.
c. Understand the factors which influence the runoff.

3.0 THEORY
1. Runoff is generated by rainstorms and its occurrence and quantity are dependent on the
characteristics of the rainfall event, i.e. intensity, duration and distribution. The rainfall-runoff
process is extremely complex, making it difficult to model accurately. There are, in addition,
other important factors which influence the runoff generating process like natural surface
detention, soil infiltration characteristics and the drainage pattern formed by natural flow paths.
The soil type, vegetative cover and topography play as important roles. Rainfall and runoff are
very important hydrologic components because of their direct relations with water resources
quantity, flood, streamflow and design of dam and hydraulic structure.

4.0 EQUIPMENTS
Basic hydrological instrument, stop watch and rain gauge.

5.0 PROCEDURES
Case 1: Flat and sandy soils surface profile (without slope)
Case 2: Flat and sandy soils surface with 1:100 slope profile

1. Adjust the rail at side of the catchment area to justify according the requirement for case 1 (from
upstream to downstream).
2. And then move the profile board to obtain the cross section at the upstream as in case of flat and
sandy soils surface from upstream to downstream.
3. Use the steel ruler to measure the depth (mm) of the sandy soils.
4. Switch on the pump and start the stop watch at the same time.
5. Record the discharge every 30 seconds (during the rainfall). Also record the reading from the rain
gauge (mm).
6. When the peak discharge achieved (after 6 discharge readings with same values obtained),
switch off the pump to stop the rainfall. Record the time while stop of rainfall.
7. At the same time, the discharge readings must be recorded for each 30 seconds until
the values reach nearly zero.
8. Repeat the above procedures for case 2 and case 3.
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ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF WATER & ENVIRONMENTAL EDITION : 2
ENGINEERING REVIEW NO : 3
WATER ENGINEERING LABORATORY EFFECTIVE DATE : 17/05/2005

TITLE : BASIC HYDROLOGY AMENDMENT DATE : 28/02/2016

6.0 RESULT AND CALCULATIONS

TABLE 6.1 Basic hydrological experiment results

Case 1 Case 2
Time, Rain Rain
t Water Level Discharge gauge Water Level Discharge gauge
(s) reading reading
(cm) (mm) (liter/min) (m³/s) (mm) (cm) (mm) (liter/min) (m³/s) (mm)
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
300
330
360
390
420
450
480
510
540
570
600
630
660
690
720
750
780
810
840
870
900
930
960
990
1020
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PAGE NO : 1/3
ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF WATER & ENVIRONMENTAL EDITION : 2
ENGINEERING REVIEW NO : 3
WATER ENGINEERING LABORATORY EFFECTIVE DATE : 17/05/2005

TITLE : BASIC HYDROLOGY AMENDMENT DATE : 28/02/2016

7.0 QUESTIONS
1. Plot the discharge (unit m 3/s) versus time (second) graph separately from the above values
for each cases (case 1 to case 3).
2. From the graph plotted, determine: (a) Time concentration (b) Rainfall duration, (c) Peak
discharge, (d) Runoff volume, (e) Rainfall intensity and (f) Storage volume.
3. Provide a table for all the results obtained from (2) and make comparisons with case 2 and
case 3.

h
(mm)
50

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

0 1 2 3 4 5 10 15 20 25 30 l/min

Updated by: Approved by:

Dr Hartini binti Kasmin Assoc. Prof. Dr Mohd Adib Mohammad Razi

Signature: Signature:

Date: 10 September 2017 Date : 10 September 2017