Module 6

Parking Study

Objectives
The objective of this survey is to evaluate the demand and supply of an existing parking
area. It is to determine if a parking area is able to meet its parking demand/capacity. The demand
of a parking area is determined by recording and calculating vehicles that entering and exiting the
parking area, as well as recording the parking duration of vehicles. This study is performed to
examine the capacity and regulations of a certain parking area.

Data Processing
Data was collected from observing the number of motorcycles going in and out of Ojek’s
Base (Pangkalan Ojek) behind Haltek. Using a stopwatch, the number of vehicles were recorded
every 2 minutes for 10 intervals. The table below shows the data collected:
Period/Inverval Time In Out
1 11:54 – 11:56 1 1
2 11:56 – 11:58 0 0
3 12:58 – 12:00 0 1
4 12:00 – 12:02 0 0
5 12:02 – 12:04 0 2
6 12:04 – 12:06 0 1
7 12:06 – 12:08 0 3
8 12:08 – 12:10 0 0
9 12:10 – 12:12 1 0
10 12:12 – 12:14 0 0
Total Duration 20 minutes
Table 6.1 Data Collected.

 Calculating Parking Volume

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = 𝑁𝑖𝑛 + 𝑋
Where,
Nin = Number of entering vehicles
X = Number of existing/stayed vehicles

 Calculating Parking Accumulation

𝐴𝑖 = 𝐴𝑖 − 1 + 𝐼𝑖 − 𝑂𝑖
 Where,
Ai = Accumulation in ith period (veh)
Ai-1 = Accumulation in i-1th period (veh)
Ii = Entering vehicles in ith period (veh)
Oi = Departing vehicle in ith period (veh)

The table below shows the motorcycles going in and out, as well as the current volume
and the accumulation of motorcycles.

Period Time In Out Volume Accumulation

1 11:54 – 11:56 1 1 1 0
2 11:56 – 11:58 0 0 1 0
3 12:58 – 12:00 0 1 1 -1
4 12:00 – 12:02 0 0 1 -1
5 12:02 – 12:04 0 2 1 -3
6 12:04 – 12:06 0 1 1 -4
7 12:06 – 12:08 0 3 1 -7
8 12:08 – 12:10 0 0 1 -7
9 12:10 – 12:12 1 0 2 -6
10 12:12 – 12:14 0 0 2 -6
SUM 2 8 12 -32
Table 6.2 Calculation of Volume and Accumulation.

 Calculating Parking Duration

 Parking Accumulation
𝐷= [ ]
Volume

Where,
D = Average of parking duration (hr/veh)
Category Information
1 Short Term Duration (<30 minutes)
2 Middle Term Duration (2-4 hours)
3 Long Term Duration (12-16 Hours)
4 More than one night

𝟑𝟐
𝑷𝒂𝒓𝒌𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑫𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏, 𝑫 = = 𝟏𝟔 (𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒕𝒆𝒔⁄𝒗𝒆𝒉) = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟔𝟕(𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒓⁄𝒗𝒆𝒉)
𝟐

 Calculating Parking Capacity

𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡𝑠
𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐷𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
 Number of parking slots = 30
Parking Duration = 0.267 (hr/veh)
𝟑𝟎
𝑷𝒂𝒓𝒌𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑪𝒂𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 = = 𝟏𝟏𝟐. 𝟑 (𝒗𝒆𝒉 / 𝒉𝒓)
𝟎. 𝟐𝟔𝟕

 Calculating Parking Index

𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑃𝐼 = × 100%
𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
Where,
PI < 1, parking facility has no problems, where parking demand do not exceed parking
supply/capacity
PI = 1, parking demand meet the equilibrium with parking supply/capacity
PI > 1, parking facility has problems, where parking demand exceed parking
supply/capacity

The table below shows the results of Parking Index:

Period Time In Out Vol. Acc. PI (%)
1 11:54 – 11:56 1 1 1 0 0
2 11:56 – 11:58 0 0 1 0 0
3 12:58 – 12:00 0 1 1 -1 -9.74
4 12:00 – 12:02 0 0 1 -1 -9.74
5 12:02 – 12:04 0 2 1 -3 -29.21
6 12:04 – 12:06 0 1 1 -4 -38.95
7 12:06 – 12:08 0 3 1 -7 -68.16
8 12:08 – 12:10 0 0 1 -7 -68.16
9 12:10 – 12:12 1 0 2 -6 -58.42
10 12:12 – 12:14 0 0 2 -6 -58.42
Average -34.08
Table 6.3 Calculation of Parking Index.

 Calculating Parking Turnover

𝑁𝑡
𝑇𝑅 =
𝑆 × 𝑇𝑠
Where,
TR = Parking Turnover (veh/slot/hr)
Nt = Number of total vehicles during survey period (veh)
S = Number of parking slots
Ts = Duration of survey (hr)

Nt = 10 veh, S = 30 slots, Ts = 20 minutes (0.333 hr)

 𝟏𝟎
𝑷𝒂𝒓𝒌𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑻𝒖𝒓𝒏𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒓, 𝑻𝑹 = = 𝟏 (𝒗𝒆𝒉/𝒔𝒍𝒐𝒕/𝒉𝒓)
𝟑𝟎 × 𝟎. 𝟑𝟑𝟑

Analysis
The observation location of this survey is Ojek’s base parking area (Pangkalan Ojek)
behind the Engineering Bus Station (Haltek). Students observed the number of motorcycles
entering and exiting the parking area. By using a stopwatch, students recorded the number of
motorcycles going in and out of the parking base area every 2 minutes for 10 periods/interval,
which in total equals to 20 minutes of observation. The parking base area has a total parking spots
of 30. After the data is collected, there are several calculations that must be done to determine the
parking volume, accumulation, duration, capacity, parking index, and also parking turnover.
The volume of motorcycles is calculated to show how many vehicles are going in or
entering the parking area during the survey period. Then by subtracting the number of vehicles
departing from the parking area, students can accumulate the number of vehicles that are currently
occupying the parking area within the specific time period. In our data, the value of parking
accumulation is negative because the number of vehicles departing is greater than the number of
vehicles going into the parking area. Using the volume and accumulation data, the average parking
duration of each vehicle can be determined by simply dividing the sum of all parking accumulation
by the volume of motorcycles entering the parking area. In other words, it is the ratio of total
vehicles observed to the number of vehicles parked during the survey. The result of parking
duration shows that each motorcycle only parks in average for 0.267 hour or for 16 minutes and
then it departs. This parking duration is considered to be short term parking.
From here, the parking capacity of the parking area can as well be calculated. Based on the
data above, the parking capacity is 112.3 vehicles per hour, which means that for every 1 hour, the
parking area of 30 slots can hold about 112 motorcycles for parking, which is more than necessary.
Parking Index is also measured to determine the sufficiency of the parking lot, whether the parking
slots of 30 is enough or adequate to hold motorcycles that have an average parking duration of 16
minutes for parking in the area. And according to the calculation above, the average parking index
is determined to be less than 1, which means that the parking facility is more than capable of
handling the parking supply/capacity. Then finally, the students calculated the value of parking
turnover, which is the ratio of number of vehicles parked in a duration to the number of parking
slots available. The value of parking turnover is exactly 1, meaning that 1 motorcycle is available
to stay at its slot for an hour without getting interrupted by another vehicle who needs a slot.

Conclusion
It is necessary for transportation planners to provide sufficient parking spaces as the
number of vehicles increases. Parking study or surveys are essential in providing the required
specification for parking facility. Based on this particular study, it is evident that the Ojek’s base
by the Engineering bus station is more than enough to provide parking spaces for motorcycles.
According to the observation, 30 parking slots are concluded to be able to meet the parking demand
of motorcycles in the base. Within a 20 minute survey, the total number of vehicles entering and
departing is 10 motorcycles. Each motorcycle has an average parking time of 0.267 hour (16
minutes). The value for parking capacity of the Ojek’s base shows that the parking area is more
than sufficient to handle the volume of motorcycles by being able to hold 112.3 vehicles per hour.
The value of parking index of -34.08% and parking turnover of 1 vehicle per slot per hour also
support the conclusion that there are plenty of space for parking.
Reference
 Guidance of Transportation Engineering Survey
 https://nptel.ac.in/courses/105101008/downloads/cete_41.pdf