EBOLA:

Spread of Disease:
• It is not an airborne disease
• previously known as Ebola • It can only be acquired by direct contact
hemorrhagic fever, is a rare and deadly with a person infected by Ebola
disease caused by infection with one of • The WHO said infection occurs from
the Ebola virus species. direct contact through broken skin
• can cause disease in humans and or mucous membranes with the
nonhuman primates (monkeys, gorillas, blood, or other bodily fluids or
and chimpanzees). secretions (stool, urine, saliva,
• severe, often fatal illness. semen) of infected people.
• accdg. to CDC, it causes viral • Infection can also occur if broken skin
hemorrhagic fever that affects multiple or mucous membranes of a healthy
organ systems in the body and is often person come into contact with
accompanied by bleeding. environments that have become
contaminated with an Ebola patient’s
Symptoms: infectious fluids such as soiled
• Sudden onset of fever clothing, bed linen, or used needles.
• Intense weakness
• Muscle pain Prevention:
• Headache • Men who have recovered from the
• Sore throat illness are also advised to avoid
sexual intercourse for at least seven
These early symptoms can progress to: weeks after recovery because they
• Vomiting can still spread the virus to their
partner through their semen.
• Diarrhea
• If sex cannot be avoided, WHO
• Rash
advised men to wear condoms while
• Impaired kidney & liver function
still recuperating from the disease.
• Bleeding. (internal or external)
• No animal vaccine against Reston

strain of Ebola virus is available
*Early symptoms can be mistaken for signs of
according to WHO.
diseases such as malaria, typhoid fever,
• “Routine cleaning and disinfection of
meningitis or even the plague.
pig and monkey farms (with sodium

hypochlorite or other detergents)
Laboratory findings:
should be effective in inactivating the
• low white blood cell and platelet counts,
virus.
and
• Culling of infected animals, with
• elevated liver enzymes in persons
close supervision of burial or
infected.
incineration of carcasses, may be

necessary to reduce the risk of
Incubation period:
animal-to-human transmission.
• The time interval from infection to onset
• Restricting or banning the movement
of symptoms is from 2 to 21 days.
of animals from infected farms to
• The WHO said patients become
other areas can reduce the spread of
contagious once they begin to show
the disease.”
symptoms. They are not contagious

during the incubation period.








5 strains of Ebola Virus: ACTIONS OF GOVERNMENT
• Bundibugyo • Department of Agriculture cull around
• Zaire 500,000 chickens to contain the animal
• Reston outbreak
• Sudan • Research Institute for Tropical
• Tai Forest Medicine (RITM) has the capacity to
confirm cases of Avian Flu
*There are five strains of the virus according to • Department of Healthhas supply of anti-flu
medication and commodities whenever
the WHO. The Bundibugyo, Zaire and Sudan
regional health offices and hospitals will
strains of Ebola have been associated with large
require assistance.
EVD outbreaks in Africa, whereas Reston and
• Agricultural Credit Policy Council
Tai Forest have not. (ACPC) prepared a loan assistance
package for the affected farmers.
*The Reston species, found in the Philippines
and the People’s Republic of China, can infect SPREAD OF DISEASE
humans, but no illness or death in humans from
• According to the Philippine agriculture
this species has been reported to date. secretary, Manny Pinol, the culling has
been completed at outbreak sites in
AVIAN FLU Pampanga and Nueva both located on
Avian influenza A H7 viruses Luzon, the country’s largest island.
• group of influenza viruses
• normally circulate among birds PREVENTION
Avian influenza A(H7N9) virus AVIAN INFLUENZA PROTECTION
• subgroup among the larger group of H7 PROGRAM (2016)
viruses Section 1 - Ban on Importation of all
• no human infections reported until Live Poultry and/or Wild Birds,
recent reports from China. including Day-old Chicks, Semen,
H7 viruses (H7N2, H7N3 and H7N7) Eggs and Other Poultry Products and
• occasionally infect humans By-products fromNotifiable Avian
Influenza (NAI) Affected Countries or
Influenza Zones
• contagious disease of birds
A/H5N1 virus Section 2 - Prevention Programs in
• outbreaks affecting some Asian countries Airports and Seaports
• cause severe infection in humans All international and domestic
airports & seaports shall have
TRANSMISSION disinfection mat installations to be
• Inhalation placed at the nearest possible point
• Contamination with infected discharges from disembarkation from the plane
• Contamination with feces of sick chicken or vessel

Incidence of the disease in the Philippines Section 3 - Minimum Biosecurity
• First case of avian flu in the Philippines Measures
was declared last Aug. 11,2017 Domestic poultry and birds should be
• First reported of occurrence in the province kept in confined areas.Farm owners
of Pampanga should regulate and control
movement of humans, animals and
farm effects in and out of the farm


 • nasal congestion
People at higher risk of developing flu
Section 4 – Surveillance complications include:
• Poultry Critical Areas in the • Young children under 5, and especially
Philippines those under 2 years
• Live Bird Markets (LBMs) • Adults older than 65
• Laboratory Tests to be Conducted • Residents of nursing homes and other
• Migratory/Wild Birds long-term care facilities
• Pregnant women and women up to two
Section 5 - Enforcement of the weeks postpartum
Wildlife Act • People with weakened immune systems
• People who have chronic illnesses, such
Republic Act (RA) 9147 (Wildlife as asthma, heart disease, kidney disease
Resources Conservation and and diabetes
Protection Act_ • People who are very obese, with a body
• Precautionary measures in mass index (BMI) of 40 or higher
dealing with migratory birds
INCIDENCE OF THE DISEASE
Section 6 - Preventive Measures • On May 21, 2009 the first case of
for Persons Working in Avian Influenza A (H1N1) in the Philippines
Facilities confirmed
• All workers directly or indirectly • 10-year old girl from US and Canada
involved with handling live • 3, 207 confirmed cases
poultry should be given the
current season’s influenza vaccine ADDRESSING THE PROBLEM
to reduce the possibility of dual • On June 30,2009 the DOH issued revised
infection with human and guidelines on the response levels for
influenza viruses. schools and on clinical care management
of H1N1 cases
INFLUENZA H1N1 • A(H1n1) would be treated as the
§ commonly known as "the flu“. common flu, some patients can be
§Influenza or 'the flu' is a highly treated at home while those with
contagious disease caused by infection underlying conditions would require
from influenza type A or B (or rarely C) hospitalization
virus. • WHO, through the GISRS network, in
§ These viruses infect the upper airways collaboration with other partners,
and lungs. monitors influenza activity globally,
Transmission recommends seasonal influenza vaccine
• droplets spread from an infected compositions twice a year.
person's coughs or sneezes.
• touching surfaces contaminated by PREVENTION
infected droplets • Bureau of Immigration and Quarantine
should monitor airports and seaports for
SYMPTOMS possible flu infection.
• fever • Department of Education should carry
• dry cough out seminars and information campaigns
• muscle and joint pain about the infection and virus.
• tiredness or extreme exhaustion • Vaccines should be distributed to people
• headache especially the doctors and other allied
• sore throat.
 health professionals. The most effective
way to prevent the disease is vaccination. • DEPARTMENT ORDER NO. 47-03, Series of
• Intensification of handwashing campaign 2003
• Provision of information about Influenza • Applies to all employers and
including the disease outcome, and workers in the private sector.
treatment options. • As a precautionary measure and
to prevent a possible outbreak of
Senate Bill No. 2198 SARS at the workplace, all
• Shall be named as Pandemic employers are enjoined to clean
Preparedness act the work area with household
• Introduced by Manny Villar disinfectant, practice good
• has 31 sections hygiene practices and monitor the
• aims to establish a pandemic emergency health of workers particularly
plan to enable the Philippines to be those with fever and those who
better prepared to recognize and manage have traveled to countries
Influenza pandemic. affected with the SARS virus..
SARS • In the event that a worker is suspected as
• Caused by the SARS coronavirus (SARS- having SARS, the employer shall provide
CoV) the worker with a face mask,
• Viral Pneumonia that affects the Lower immediately isolate the worker in a
Respiratory Tract separate well-ventilated workplace, and
• Emerged in Guandong, China and arrange for him/her to be transported to
Hongkong in 2002 San Lazaro Hospital (SLH) or the
• Pandemic Research Institute on Tropical Medicine
Incidence in PH (RITM).
• As of May 20, 2003, a total of 12 probable
SARS cases in the Philippines were Areas affected
reported to WHO. Of these 12 cases, • 12 probable cases were reported, but
there were only 2 that resulted in death. were not confirmed as SARS due to the
ADDRESSING THE PROBLEM lack of diagnostic tests.
• The Department of Health has conducted – Of these 12 cases, there were 2
active surveillance since March 17, 2003 that resulted in death (a daughter
to detect any new SARS cases. During the and her father in Pangasinan).
outbreak period, all 16 regions of the This had caused hundreds of
country make daily reports to WHO on people in Pangasinan to be
whether any suspected cases have been quarantined.
identified; and if a suspect case is – A Filipina domestic helper was
reported, immediate contact tracing and confined at the Eastern Visayas
quarantine measures are taken. Regional Medical Center in
PREVENTION Tacloban City. Her relatives and
• EMERGING AND RE-EMERGING requesting physician were also
INFECTIOUS DISEASE PROGRAM of DOH put to quarantine.
o Aims to reduce public health
impact of emerging and re-
emerging infectious diseases; and
strengthen surveillance,
preparedness, and response to
emerging and re-emerging
infectious diseases.


EBOLA

1. Among the five strains of EBOLA, which is
found in the Philippines?
- RESTON SPECIES

2. When was the first case of Avian Flu in the
Philippines declared?
- August 11, 2017

3. What is RA 9147/title of RA 9147?
- Wildlife Resources Conservation and
Protection Act

4. Also known as common flu
- Influenza H1N1

5. What is the bill introduced by Manny Villar
which aims to establish pandemic preparedness
plan?
- Senate bill no. 2198

6. This is the viral pneumonia that affect lower
respiratory tract
- SARS

7-8. Transmission of Influenza
- Droplets spread from one person to another
person
- Touching contaminated surface

9. Has the capacity to confirm Avian cases
- RITM

10. True or False; EBOLA is not an airborne
disease.
- FALSE