ANATOMY TRAINS and NKT “Grey Box” Info

Column 1: Structures listed in the Myofascial Tracks of Myers’ Anatomy Trains book (2 nd ed.)

Column 2: Antagonist Muscles, as per Weinstock’s “grey boxes” as listed in NKT book, with
corresponding anatomy trains of those muscles

Column 3: Synergist Muscles, as per Weinstock’s “grey boxes” as listed in NKT book, with
corresponding anatomy trains of those muscles

1: The Superficial Back Line (SBL)

Myofascial Tracks
Galea Aponeurotica/Epicranial Fascia
Sacrolumbar Fascia/Erector Spinae
Sacrotuberous Ligament
Hamstrings
Triceps Surae (Plantaris,
Gastrocnemius, Soleus), Achilles
Tendon
Plantar Fascia and Short Toe Flexors
Antagonists
n/a
Abdominals (SFL, LL, SPL, FFL,
IFL), Hip Flexors(SFL, LL, SPL,
FFL, IFL, DFL)
n/a
Hip Flexors (SFL, LL, SPL, FFL,
IFL, DFL), Knee Extensors (SFL,
LL, SPL), Medial Rotators of
Flexed Knee (SBL, SFL, SPL)
Ankle Dorsiflexors (SFL, LL,
SPL), Knee Extensors (SFL, LL,
SPL)
Extensor Hallucis Longus (SFL),
Extensor Digitorum Longus
(SFL)
Synergists
n/a
Calf Muscles (SBL, SFL, LL,
SPL, DFL), Hamstrings
(SBL), Glute Max (LL, BFL),
Lumbar Erectors (SBL), QL
(LL, DFL), Cervical Erectors
(SBL)
n/a
Calf Muscles (SBL, SFL, LL,
SPL, DFL), Glute Max (LL,
BFL), Piriformis*, QL (LL,
DFL), Lumbar Extensors
(SBL), Neck Extensors
(SBL, LL, SPL, SBAL)
Flexor Hallucis Longus
(SBL), Gastrocnemius
(SBL), Soleus (SBL) ,
Hamstrings (SBL), Glute
Max (BFL), Lumbosacral
Area (SBL, BFL, DFL), Neck
Extensors (SBL, LL, SPL,
SBAL)
Ankle Dorsiflexors (SFL, LL,
SPL), Ankle Plantarflexors
(SBL, LL, SPL, SFL), Flexor
Digitorum Longus (SBL),
Flexor Hallucis Longus
(SBL), Hamstrings (SBL),
 Glute Max (LL, BFL),
Lumbar Extensors (SBL)
Notes:

 *Regarding the Piriformis: Myers states “The deep lateral rotators, although they are crucial to
the understanding and optimization of human plantigrade posture, do not fit easily into the
Anatomy Trains schema.” See “Fans of the Hip” [alternative title]: Part 1:
http://www.massagetherapy.com/articles/index.php/article_id/412/The-Deep-Six-Part-1 and
Part 2: http://www.massagetherapy.com/articles/index.php/article_id/443/The-Deep-Six-Part-II
This article is included in the 3rd edition of Anatomy Trains.

2: The Superficial Front Line (SFL)

Myofascial Tracks Antagonists
Scalp Fascia n/a
Sternocleidomastoid Neck Extensors (SBL, LL, SPL,
SBAL)
Sternalis/Sternochondral Fascia n/a
Rectus Abdominis Lumbar Erectors (SBL SPL),
Glute Max (LL, BFL), QL (LL,
DFL)
Rectus Femoris Calf Muscles (SBL, SFL, LL,
SPL, DFL), Hamstrings (SBL),
Glute Max (LL, BFL), Lumbar
Erectors (SBL, APL)
*Other Muscles of the Quadriceps Knee Flexors (SBL,IFL DFL),
Medial Hamstrings (SBL),
Biceps Femoris (SPL)
Subpatellar Tendon n/a
Tibialis Anterior Ankle Plantarflexors (SBL,
LL, DFL), Foot Evertors (LL)
Synergists
n/a
Abdominals (SFL, LL, SPL,
FFL, IFL), Psoas (DFL), Hip
Flexors (SFL, LL, SPL, FFL, IFL,
DFL)
n/a
Pec Major (SFAL FFL), Neck
Flexors (SFL, DFL),
Diaphragm (DFL)
Other Quads (SFL), Tibialis
Anterior (SFL, SPL), Hip
Flexors (SFL, LL, SPL, FFL, IFL,
DFL), Abdominals (SFL, LL,
SPL, FFL, IFL), Neck Flexors
(SFL, LL, DFL)
Other Quads (SFL), Knee
Extensors (SFL, LL, SPL),
Tibialis Anterior (SFL, SPL),
Iliopsoas (DFL), Hip
Adductors (FFL, DFL), IT
Band (LL, SPL), TFL (LL, SPL),
Iliacus (DFL)
n/a
Quadriceps (SFL), Iliopsoas
(DFL), Extensor Hallucis
Longus (SFL), Muscles of
Medial Arch (SPL), Hip
Adductors (FFL, DFL)
 Short and Long Toe Extensors, Anterior Flexor Hallucis Longus (SBL),
Crural Compartment Flexor Digitorum Longus
(SBL), Plantar Flexors (SBL,
LL, SPL, SFL)
Notes:
Extensor Digitorum Longus
(SFL), Tibialis Anterior (SFL,
SPL), Quadriceps (SFL), Hip
Flexors (SFL, LL, SPL, FFL, IFL,
DFL), Ankle Dorsiflexors
(SFL, LL, SPL), Iliopsoas (DFL)

 *Myers states “the strictest interpretation of the SFL would include only the rectus femoris,” but
includes the other 3 as part of the line to “ensure that the rectus…is free to do its job at both hip
and knee.” Though Myers lists simply “rectus femoris/quadriceps” on the list of SFL muscles, I
have listed rec. fem. and the others on separate lines due to the more detailed information in
Weinstock’s book; I have chosen not to list the 3 other quads separately for the sake of brevity.

3. The Lateral Line (LL)

Myofascial Tracks Antagonists
Splenius Capitis/Sternocleidomastoid Contralateral Lateral
Flexion (LL)*
External and Internal Intercostals Not discussed in NKT book
Lateral Abdominal Obliques Low Back Muscles (SBL, SPL,
BFL, DFL), Ipsilateral
Obliques (rotation – LL,
SPL), Contralateral Obliques
(side-bending – LL, IFL)
Gluteus Maximus Hip Flexors (SFL, LL, SPL,
FFL, IFL, DFL)
Gluteus Medius Hip Adductors (FFL, DFL),
Hip Lateral Rotators (“Hip
Fan”)
Tensor Fasciae Latae Hip Extensors (SBL, LL, BFL,
DFL), Hip Lateral Rotators
and Adductors (“Hip Fan”,
Synergists
Erector Spinae (SBL),
Levator Scapula (DBAL),
Upper Trapezius (SBAL),
Psoas (DBAL), Obliques (LL,
SPL, IFL), QL (LL, DFL)
Not discussed in NKT book
Contralateral Obliques
(rotation – LL, SPL),
Ipsilateral Obliques (side-
bending – LL, IFL), Other
Abdominals (flexion – SFL,
FFL)
Calf Muscles (SBL, SFL, LL,
SPL, DFL), Popliteus (DFL),
Hamstrings (SBL), Lumbar
Extensors (SBL, LL, SPL),
Neck Extensors (SBL, LL,
SPL, SBAL)
Peroneus (LL, SPL), TFL (LL,
SPL), Glute Minimus (“Hip
Fan”), Glute Max (LL, BFL),
QL (LL, DFL), Obliques (LL,
SPL, IFL), Lateral Neck
Flexors (SFL, LL, SPL, SFAL,
DBAL)
Peroneus (LL, SPL), Vastus
Lateralis (BFL), Glute Med
(LL), Glute Min (“Hip Fan”),

Anterior Ligament of Head of Fibula
Peroneal Muscles, Lateral Crural
Compartment
Notes:
FFL, DFL), Knee Flexors
(SBL,IFL DFL)
n/a
Foot Invertors with
Plantarflexion (SFL, SPL,
DFL), Ankle Dorsiflexors
(SFL, LL, SPL)
QL (LL, DFL), Obliques (LL,
SPL, IFL), Lateral Neck
Flexors (SFL, LL, SPL, SFAL,
DBAL)
n/a
Peroneals (LL, SPL),
Extensor Digitorum (SFL),
TFL (LL, SPL), Glute Med
(LL), Glute Min (“Hip Fan”),
QL (LL, DFL), Obliques (LL,
SPL, IFL), Lateral Neck
Flexors (SFL, LL, SPL, SFAL,
DBAL)

 *Lateral Flexion/Abduction of the Neck is not a motion addressed directly in the NKT
book. The muscles generally regarded as the operators in this movement are the same
as those involved in Cervical Rotation. That stated, in the LL, the muscles at this level are
limited to the Splenius Capitis and SCM, the Antagonists and Synergists described above
are purely my conjecture based on my education and experience. See also this site for a
list of muscles involved in this motion:
http://www.exrx.net/WeightExercises/Sternocleidomastoid/LVNeckLtrFlx.html

4. The Spiral Line (SPL)

Myofascial Tracks Antagonists
Splenius Capitis and Cervicis
Rhomboids Major and Minor Pec Minor (DFAL), Serratus
Anterior (SPL)
Serratus Anterior Rhomboids (SPL, DBAL),
Middle Trapezius (SBAL),
Downward Scapular Rotators
(SPL, DFAL, DBAL), Scapular
Protractors (SPL, DFAL)
External Oblique Low Back Muscles, Ipsilateral
Internal Oblique (rotation –
SPL), Opposite Obliques (side-
bending – LL)
Abdominal Aponeurosis, Linea Alba n/a
Internal Oblique Low Back Muscles (SBL, SPL,
BFL), Ipsilateral External
Synergists
Middle Trapezius (SBAL),
Latissimus Dorsi (SFAL, BFL),
QL (LL, DFL)
Upward Scapular Rotators
(SPL, SBAL), Scapular
Protractors (SPL, DFAL)
Contralateral External Oblique
(rotation – SPL), Ipsilateral
Internal Oblique (side-
bending – LL), Other
Abdominals (flexion – SFL)
n/a
Contralateral External Oblique
(rotation – SPL), Ipsilateral
 Oblique (rotation – SPL),
Opposite Obliques (side-
bending – LL)
Tensor Fasciae Latae, Iliotibial Tract Hip Extensors (SBL, LL, BFL,
DFL), Hip Lateral Rotators and
Adductors (“Hip Fan”, FFL,
DFL), Knee Flexors (SBL,IFL
DFL)
Tibialis Anterior Ankle Plantarflexors (SBL, LL,
DFL), Foot Evertors (LL)
Peroneus Longus Foot Invertors (SFL, SBL, DFL),
Ankle Dorsiflexors (SFL, LL,
SPL)
Biceps Femoris Hip Flexors (SFL, LL, SPL, FFL,
IFL, DFL), Knee Extensors (SFL,
LL, SPL), Medial Rotators of
Flexed Knee (SBL, SFL, SPL)
Sacrotuberous Ligament n/a
Sacrolumbar Fascia, Erector Spinae Opposite Rotation, Obliques
(LL SPL), Contralateral
Erectors Spinae (SBL, SPL)
Notes:
 “In the case of a pronated foot, you will often find that the tibialis anterior is locked long
[inhibited] and the peroneus is locked short [facilitated]…in a supinated foot, the reverse
applies.”
Internal Oblique (side-
bending – LL), Other
Abdominals (flexion – SFL)
Peroneus (LL, SPL), Vastus
Lateralis (BFL), Glute Med
(LL), Glute Min (“Hip Fan”), QL
(LL, DFL), Obliques (LL, SPL,
IFL), Lateral Neck Flexors (SFL,
LL, SPL, SFAL, DBAL)
Quadriceps (SFL), Iliopsoas
(DFL), Extensor Hallucis
Longus (SFL), Muscles of
Medial Arch (SPL), Hip
Adductors (FFL, DFL)
TFL (LL, SPL), Glute Med (LL),
Glute Min (“Hip Fan”), QL (LL,
DFL), Obliques (LL, SPL, IFL),
Lateral Neck Flexors (SFL, LL,
SPL, SFAL, DBAL)
Calf Muscles (SBL, SFL, LL, SPL,
DFL), Glute Max (LL, BFL),
Piriformis (“Hip Fan”), QL (LL,
DFL), Lumbar Extensors (SBL),
Neck Extensors (SBL, LL, SPL,
SBAL)
n/a
Thoracic Rotation:
Cervical Rotators (SBL,
SFL, LL, SPL), Lumbar
Rotators (SBL, LL, SPL,
BFL)
Lumbar Rotation:
Contralateral Thoracic
Rotators (SBL, LL, SPL,
BFL), Ipsilateral Cervical
Rotators (SBL, LL, SPL)
5. The Arm Lines
A. Deep Front Arm Line (DFAL)
Myofascial Tracks
Pectoralis Minor, Clavipectoral
Fasciae
“Biceps Express”: Biceps Brachii,
Coracobrachialis, Brachialis
Supinator
Radial Periosteum, anterior border
Radial Collateral Ligaments
Thenar Eminence (Extensor Pollicis
Brevis, Adductor Pollicis)
Notes:
 *The Pronator Teres is considered to be a “crossover connection” between the DBAL and the
SFAL, as “we are inclined to include [it in the DFAL] because with the supinator it clearly controls
the degree of rotation of the radius…even though strictly speaking [it is] a crossover from the
SBAL.”
B. Superficial Front Arm Line (SFAL)
Myofascial Tracks
*Pectoralis Major – Clavicular
Antagonists
Scapular Retractors (SPL,
SBAL), Scapular Elevators
(SBAL, DBAL), Scapular
Upward-Rotators (SPL, SBAL)
Triceps (DBAL), Pronator
Teres* (DFAL, SFAL), Humeral
Adductors (SFAL, DFAL, DBAL,
BFL, IFL), Humeral Extensors
(SFAL, DBAL, SBAL)
Pronator Teres (DFAL, SFAL)
n/a
n/a
Flexor Pollicis Brevis (SFAL),
Abductor Pollicis Longus
(SFAL), Abductor Pollicis
Brevis (SFAL)
Antagonists
Extensors (SFAL, DBAL, SBAL,
BFL, IFL), Abductors (DBAL,
SBAL), Horizontal Abductors
(SBAL), Lateral Humeral
Rotators (DBAL, SBAL)
Synergists
Opposite Hip Flexors (SFL, LL,
SPL, FFL, IFL, DFL), Scapular
Protractors (SPL, DFAL),
Scapular Downward-Rotators
(SPL, DFAL, DBAL)
Deltoid (SBAL), Pectoralis
Major (SFAL), Supraspinatus
(DBAL), Supinator (DFAL),
Coracobrachialis (DFAL)
Biceps (DFAL), Internal
Humeral Rotators (SFAL, SBAL,
BFL, FFL, IFL)
n/a
n/a
Extensor Carpi Radialis (SBAL),
Brachioradialis (DFAL), Triceps
(DBAL), Posterior Deltoid
(SBAL), Upper Trapezius
(SBAL), Scalenes (LL, DFL),
Extensor Pollicis Longus
(SBAL), Flexor Pollicis Longus
(SFAL), Flexor Pollicis Brevis
(SFAL), Opponens Pollicis
(SFAL)
Synergists
Flexors (SFAL, SBAL),
Adductors (SFAL, DBAL, BFL),
Horizontal Adductors (SFAL,
SBAL), Medial Humeral
Rotators (SFAL, DBAL, SBAL,
BFL)
 Pectoralis Major – Sternal Lower and Middle Trapezius
(SBAL), Rhomboids (SPL,
DBAL), Middle Deltoid (SBAL),
Posterior Deltoid (SBAL)
Latissimus Dorsi Upper Trapezius (SBAL),
Levator Scapula (DBAL)
Teres Major Humeral Flexors (SFAL, SBAL),
Lateral Rotators (DBAL, SBAL),
Abductors (SFAL, DBAL, BFL)
Medial Intermuscular Septum n/a
**Flexor Group (Wrist, Fingers) Extensor Group (SBAL), Wrist
Adductors (SBAL), Wrist
Abductors (SBAL)
Carpal Tunnel n/a
Notes:
 * Myers lists the Pec. Major, Latissimus Dorsi and Teres Major as a singular “station” in the SFAL,
because NKT is more specific, I have listed these 3 muscles separately; furthermore, he does not
differentiate between clavicular and sternal aspects of the Pec. Major, but since they are so
different in NKT terms, I have listed them separately.
 **Myers combines all the Wrist and Digit Flexors into the “Flexor Group;” for the sake of brevity
and simplicity, I have not broken this down further.
C. Deep Back Arm Line (DBAL)
Myofascial Tracks Antagonists
Rectus Capitis Lateralis Neck Flexors – bilateral
extension (SFL, LL, DFL), SCM –
unilateral extension (SFL),
Opposite Rotation – rotation
Levator Scapulae Scalene (LL DFL), Latissimus
Dorsi (SFAL, BFL, IFL), Lower
Trapezius (SFAL)
Rhomboids Pectoralis Minor (DFAL),
Serratus Anterior (SPL)
Rotator Cuff Muscles Other Rotator Cuff Muscles
(DBAL), Humeral Adductors
Opposite Internal Oblique (LL,
SPL, IFL), Biceps (DFAL),
Latissimus Dorsi (SFAL, BFL,
IFL)
Teres Major (DBAL), Lower
Trapezius (SBAL), Teres Minor
(DBAL)
Latissimus Dorsi (SFAL, BFL,
IFL), Humeral Extensors (SFAL,
DBAL, SBAL, BFL), Medial
Rotators (SFAL, DBAL, SBAL,
BFL), Adductors (SFAL, DBAL,
BFL)
n/a
Flexor Group (SFAL), “Biceps
Express” (DFAL), Anterior
Deltoid (SBAL), Upper
Trapezius (DBAL), Scalenes
(LL, DFL), Extensor Group –
during wrist
abduction/adduction (SBAL)
n/a
Synergists
Thoracic Erectors (SBL SPL,
DFL), Lumbar Erectors (SBL,
SPL, DFL), Glute Max (LL, BFL),
same-side Lumbar Rotation
(SBL, SPL, LL)
Posterior Deltoid (SFAL),
Triceps (DBAL), QL (LL, SPL),
Glute Max (LL, BFL)
Middle Trapezius (SFAL),
Latissimus Dorsi (SFAL, BFL),
QL (LL, SPL)
Middle/Posterior Deltoid
(SBAL), Triceps (DBAL), Other
 (SFAL, DBAL, BFL, IFL), Lateral
Humeral Rotators (DBAL,
SBAL)
Triceps Brachii Humeral Flexors (SFAL, SBAL),
Elbow Flexors (DFAL)
Ulnar Periosteum n/a
Ulnar collateral Ligaments n/a
*Hypothenar Muscles Thumb and Finger Extensors
(SBAL)
Notes:
 *The Hypothenar Muscles include: Abductor Digiti Minimi, Flexor Digitorum Minimi, Opponens
Digiti Minimi, and Palmaris Brevis, of which only Opponens Digiti Minimi is addressed directly in
the NKT book.
D. Superficial Back Arm Line (SBAL)
Myofascial Tracks Antagonists
Trapezius Pectoralis Major (SFAL, FFL),
Pectoralis Minor (DFAL),
Serratus Anterior (SPL)
Deltoid Deltoid (SBAL), Humeral
Extensors SFAL, SBAL),
Adductors (SFAL, DBAL, BFL,
IFL), Horizontal Abductors
(SBAL), Lateral Rotators
(DBAL, SBAL)
Lateral Intermuscular Septum n/a
*Extensor Group (Wrist, Fingers) Flexor Group (SFAL), Wrist
Adductors (SBAL), Wrist
Adductors (SBAL)
Rotator Cuff Muscles (DBAL),
Latissimus Dorsi (SFAL, BFL,
IFL), Wrist Extensors (SBAL),
Humeral Abductors (SFAL,
DBAL, BFL), Medial Humeral
Rotators (SFAL, DBAL, SBAL,
BFL)
Humeral Extensors (SFAL,
DBAL, SBAL, BFL), Elbow
Extensors (SBAL)
n/a
n/a
Wrist Flexors (SFAL), Biceps
(DFAL), Anterior Deltoid
(SBAL), Trapezius (SBAL),
Scalenes (LL, DFL), Opponens
Pollicis (SFAL), Flexor
Digitorum (SFAL)
Synergists
Rhomboid (SPL, DBAL),
Posterior Deltoid (SBAL),
Latissimus Dorsi (SFAL, BFL,
IFL), Teres Minor (DBAL),
Triceps (DBAL), Wrist
Extensors (SFAL)
Wrist Extensors (SBAL), Biceps
(DFAL), Coracobrachialis
(DFAL), Pectoralis Major
(SFAL, FFL), Pectoralis Minor
(DFAL), Subscapularis (DBAL),
Latissimus Dorsi (SFAL, BFL,
IFL)
n/a
Other Extensors (SBAL),
Brachioradialis** (SBAL,
SFAL), Triceps (DBAL),
Posterior Deltoid (SBAL),
Upper Trapezius (SBAL),

Notes:
 *Like the “Flexor Group” listed above in the SFAL, the “Extensor Group” includes
Extensor muscles of the Wrist and Digits, as well as Abductor and Adductor muscles.
 **The Brachioradialis is another “crossover connector” connecting the SBAL to the SFAL,
working with the Pronator Teres (See DFAL, above)
6. The Functional Lines
A. Back Functional Line (BFL)
Myofascial Tracks Antagonists
Latissimus Dorsi Upper Trapezius (SBAL),
Levator Scapula (DBAL)
Lumbosacral Fascia n/a
Sacral Fascia n/a
Gluteus Maximus Hip Flexors (SFL, LL, SPL, FFL,
IFL, DFL)
Vastus Lateralis Biceps Femoris (SBL, SPL)
Subpatellar Tendon n/a
B. Front Functional Line (FFL)
Myofascial Track Antagonists
Lower edge of Pectoralis Major Lower and Middle Trapezius
(SBAL), Rhomboids (SPL,
DBAL), Middle Deltoid (SBAL),
Posterior Deltoid (SBAL)
Lateral Sheath of Rectus Lumbar Erectors (SBL SPL),
Abdominis Glute Max (LL, BFL), QL (LL,
DFL)
Adductor Longus Hip Abductors (LL, SPL, IFL),
Lateral Rotators (“Hip Fan”, LL,
Levator Scapula (DBAL),
Scalenes (LL, DFL)
Synergists
Teres Major (DBAL), Lower
Trapezius (SBAL), Teres Minor
(DBAL)
n/a
n/a
Calf Muscles (SBL), Popliteus
(SBL), Hamstrings (SBL),
Lumbar Extensors (SBL, SPL),
Neck Extensors (SBL, LL, SPL,
SBAL)
Rectus Femoris (SFL), Vastus
Intermedius (SFL), Vastus
Medialis (SFL), IT Band (SPL),
TFL (LL, SPL), Iliacus (DFL)
n/a
Synergists
Opposite Internal Oblique (LL,
SPL, IFL), Biceps (DFAL),
Latissimus Dorsi (SFAL, BFL,
IFL)
Pec Major (SFAL, FFL), Neck
Flexors (SFL, DFL), Diaphragm
(DFL)
Hip Adductors (DFL), Medial
Rotators (LL, SPL, “Hip Fan,”

C. The Ipsilateral Functional Line (IFL)
Myofascial Track
Latissimus Dorsi
External Oblique (Posterior
Fibers)
Sartorius
Pes Anserinus
7. The Deep Front Line (DFL)
Myofascial Track
Tibialis Posterior, Long Toe Flexors
Fascia of Popliteus, Knee Capsule
Posterior Intermuscular Septum,
Adductor Magnus and Minimus
*Pelvic Floor Fascia, Levator Ani,
Obdurator Internus Fascia
Anterior Sacral Fascia and Anterior
Longitudinal Ligament
Anterior Intermuscular Septum,
Adductor Brevis, Longus
Psoas, Iliacus, Pectineus, Femoral
Triangle
BFL), Extensors (SBL, LL, BFL,
DFL)
Antagonists
Upper Trapezius (SBAL), Levator
Scapula (DBAL)
Low Back Muscles, Ipsilateral
Internal Oblique (rotation –
SPL), Opposite Obliques (side-
bending – LL)
Hip Extensors (SBL, LL, BFL,
DFL), Adductors (DFL), Medial
Rotators (LL, SPL, “Hip Fan,”
DFL), Knee Extensors (SFL, LL,
SPL, BFL), Lateral Knee Rotators
(SBL, SPL)
n/a
Antagonists
Dorsiflexors of Ankle (SFL),
Foot Evertors (LL, SPL)
n/a
Hip Abductors (LL, SPL, IFL),
Extensors (SBL, LL, BFL, DFL),
Flexors (SFL, LL, SPL, IFL, DFL),
Lateral Rotators (“Hip Fan”,
LL, BFL), Medial Rotators (LL,
SPL, “Hip Fan,” DFL)
* *
n/a
Hip Abductors (LL, SPL, IFL),
Extensors (SBL, LL, BFL, DFL),
Lateral Rotators (“Hip Fan”,
LL, BFL)
QL (LL, SPL), Lumbar Erectors
(SBL, SPL, DFL), Glute Max (LL,
DFL), Flexors (SFL, LL, SPL, IFL,
DFL)
Synergists
Teres Major (DBAL), Lower
Trapezius (SBAL), Teres Minor
(DBAL)
Contralateral External Oblique
(rotation – SPL), Ipsilateral
Internal Oblique (side-bending –
LL), Other Abdominals (flexion –
SFL)
Hip Flexors (SFL, LL, SPL, IFL,
DFL), Abductors (LL, SPL, IFL),
Lateral Rotators (“Hip Fan”, LL,
BFL), Knee Flexors (SBL, SPL,
IFL), Medial Knee Rotators (SBL,
BFL, IFL, DFL)
n/a
Synergists
Flexor Hallucis Longus (SBL),
Calf Muscles (SBL),
Hamstrings (SBL)
n/a
Hip Adductors (DFL),
Extensors (SBL, LL, BFL, DFL),
Flexors (SFL, LL, SPL, IFL, DFL),
Lateral Rotators (“Hip Fan”,
LL, BFL), Medial Rotators (LL,
SPL, “Hip Fan,” DFL)
n/a
Hip Adductors (DFL), Flexors
(SFL, LL, SPL, IFL, DFL), Medial
Rotators (LL, SPL, “Hip Fan,”
DFL)
Hip Flexors (SFL, LL, SPL, IFL,
DFL), Hip Adductors (DFL),

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament,
Longus Coli and Capitis
*Posterior Diaphragm, Crura of
Diaphragm, Central Tendon
Pericardium, Mediastinum, Parietal
Pleura
Fascia Prevertebralis, Pharyngeal
Raphe, Scalene Muscles, Medial
Scalene Fascia
*Posterior Diaphragm, Crura of
Diaphragm, Central Tendon,
Anterior Diaphragm
*Fascia Endothoracica, Transversus
Thoracis
*Infrahyoid Muscles, Fascia
Pretrachialis
*Suprahyoid Muscles
Notes:
 *These structures are not covered in the NKT book.
BFL), Hamstrings (SBL), Hip Abdominals (SFL, LL, SPL, FFL,
Extensors (SBL, LL, BFL, DFL), IFL), Diaphragm (DFL),
Hip Abductors (LL, SPL, IFL), Scalenes (LL, DFL), Neck
Hip Lateral Rotators (“Hip Flexors (SFL, DFL), Medial
Fan”, LL, BFL) Rotators (LL, SPL, “Hip Fan,”
DFL)
Neck Extensors (SBL, LL, DFL) SCM (SFL), Abdominals (SFL,
LL, SPL, FFL, IFL), Hip Flexors
(SFL, LL, SPL, IFL, DFL)
* *
n/a n/a
Neck Extensors (SBL, LL, DFL), Abdominals (SFL, LL, SPL, FFL,
Levator Scapulae (DBAL) IFL), Psoas (DFL), Deltoid
(SBAL), Triceps (DBAL),
Brachioradialis (SBAL, SFAL),
Wrist Extensors (SBAL),
Thumb Extensors (DBAL,
SBAL)
* *
* *
* *
* *