Case Study: Application of Dynamics on car tire slip on the road and how to solve the problem.

Problem statement:

On raining day, Car A with α (m/s) velocity and had to break after a certain distance. Car B at
the back of car A have a distance about γ m have to break as well due to Car A emergency
break and tire slip occur. Car B have β (m/s) of velocity. what is the application of dynamics
can prevent car B from collide with car A, what is the safe distance and velocity to prevent car
B from collide with car A.

Theory explanation:

Tire slip, or simply “slip”, is said to occur when there is a difference between the theoretical
and the actual distance travelled by a vehicle. This can be illustrated by the following example
in which we will assume that the circumference of a car tire is 2 meters. If the wheel rotates
ten times, the distance travelled should be 20 meters. If tire slip occurs, however, the distance
actually travelled by the braked vehicle is greater.

The cause of tire slip is, when a wheel rotates under the effect of power transmission or braking,
complex physical processes take place in the contact area between tire and road which place
the rubber parts under stress and cause them to partially slide, even if the wheel does not fully
lock. In other words, the elasticity of the tire causes it to deform and “flex” to a greater or lesser
extent depending on the weather conditions and the nature of the road surface. As the tire is
made largely of rubber, only a proportion of the “deformation energy” is recovered as the tread
moves out of the contact area. The tire heats up in the process and energy loss occurs.

Solution:

FBD a
wg
wg

s
B A

Ff Nc Ff Nc
Refer to the FBD the car A brake and stop immediately where the velocity of the car from α to
0 in second. The car B has s distance and emergency break thus slip condition of the tire occur.
When car B drive down the road, driving them at a certain velocity and direction. All vehicles
have weight and mass. When the vehicles move at speed down the road, they create energy by
virtue of their mass and forward velocity. This energy is called Kinetic Energy mathematically
discribed as KE = 1/2mv2 where m = mass and v = velocity. Assuming the mass of a vehicle
is constant, it will create a certain quantity of kinetic energy while in motion at speed. When
Car B accelerate to a higher velocity, the vehicle's kinetic energy increases by the square of the
velocity divided by 2.

Assume the car B have a velocity of 80km/h before it brakes and have a weight of 1500kg.

And have a coefficient of 0.35.

80(103 )
80km/h = = 22.22𝑚/𝑠
3600

𝑇1 + ∑𝑉1 − 2 = 𝑇2

1
(1500𝑘𝑔)(22.22)2 −0.35(1500kg) (9.81) (s)=0
2

S=71.89m

So, the distance of the slip is 71.89m. Car B need to hit the break 72m from the car A to prevent
the collision occur.

Assuming the car B have only 40m of distance from A

1
(1500𝑘𝑔)(𝑣)2 −0.35(1500kg) (9.81) (40m) = 0
2

V=16.57m/s = 59.652km/h =60km/h

So, the velocity of car B need to be below than 60km/h to prevent the car from colliding.

Conclusion the principle of motion and kinematics is apply for solving this problem. When the
velocity of car is 80km/h, a distance of 72 m and above is needed to ensure the car will not
collide with Car A. If only the distance is 40m away, the car be need to slow down the velocity
of the car to 60km/h and below to be safe.
Reference

Jones, A. Z. (n.d.). What Are the Physics of a Car Crash? Retrieved March 28, 2018,
from https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-the-physics-of-a-car-collision-2698920

(n.d.). Retrieved March 28, 2018, from https://www.experts.com/Articles/The-Physics-

Of-Collision-By-Gary-R-Kilpatrick-And-Associates-PA

Lamb, H. (2009). Dynamics. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Appendix

Assuming raining day

Figure 1: car A and B

Figure 2: Car A emergency brake

Figure 3: Car B almost collide with car A