Department of Mechanical Engineering

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

RAJASTHAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, KOTA

Guided by:- Submitted To:-

Mr. Rajeev Rajora Dr. Sandeep Parashar
Mr. Gitesh Vijay
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• The project was carried out on finite element analysis of a

Crane Hook, used in lifting devices like crane.
• Finite element analysis (FEA) methods are used to predict the
structural performance of the design.
• The linear static structural analysis was carried out for a
given model to determine the maximum deflection, stress
distribution and its location in the crane hook.
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1. INTRODUCTION

2. DESIGN OF A CRANE HOOK

3. WHAT IS FEA ?

4. STEPS INVOLVED

5. RELAVENCE OF ANALYSIS
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 A crane hook is treated as a curved beam. Straight beam

theory theory is not applied to the crane hook.
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 Finite Element method (FEM) is working on the principal of dividing the

geometry of the part into a number of elements of standard shapes.

 The behavior of an individual element is described by the set of equations on

which applying loads and constraints, and then calculating deflection, stresses,
temperature, pressures etc.

 And behaviors of the individual elements are joined into a set of equations that
describes the behaviors of the whole structure.
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I. Designing a geometric CAD model.

II. Importing CAD Model.
III. Geometry Visualization And Geometry Cleanup
IV. Meshing
V. Quality Checks
VI. Component, Material, and Property Collectors
VII. Loading Conditions
VIII. Comparison of Experimental and FEA Results
 FEA Analysis Of A Crane Hook
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Cross Section:- Trapezoidal

Load Applied:- 200kN Normal Load

Young’s
Poisson’s Yield Point
Material Modulus, Density(ton/mm3)
Ratio (μ) (MPa)
(N/mm2)
Table - Material specification
Steel
2.1e+05 0.3 7.9e-09 384
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• This was done by using AUTOCAD 14.

Fig: CAD Drawing of Crane Hook

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Fig:Model of Crane Hook

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• Geometry cleanup tools are used to restore proper surface

connectivity to part geometry.
• which help in preparing surface geometry for meshing.
Meshing quality depends very much on the quality of
geometry
• This involves the task of removal of features, extraction of
mid-surfaces, changing the shape of a part in order to
simplify the geometry. (Fig:Surface after Geometry simplification
• )
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Mesh Using Various Commands Of Meshing

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After completing meshing part of the model, than quality check

is performed to check the quality of elements.
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• After meshing, various component collectors are created. The meshes of

the different surfaces are put together in different component collectors.

• The next step after putting elements in various component collectors is to

create material collector and assigning the material to the elements.

• After creating material collectors, properties collectors are created.

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• After creating property

collector, load
collector is created.
Load collector is the
collection of boundary
conditions i.e.
different forces,
pressure, velocity,
supports, constraints
and any other
condition required for
complete analysis.
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The Fig.shows displacement contours of a crane hook under normal loading

conditions.

• The maximum deformation observed is 1.890 mm at the free end.

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• The Fig. shows Von Mises stress contour of a crane hook under normal
loading conditions.
• The maximum stress observed is 242.1 MPa at the location encircled.
• The value of stress is well below the yield stress which is 384Mpa.
 Comparison Of Experimental And FEA Results
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• For validation of FEA results, the results have been compared with
experimental results of the same model for similar loading conditions.

• The variation in experimental and FEA results in the acceptable range.

Parameters Theoretical Results FEA Results Variation

Von Misses Stress

230 MPa 242 MPa 5.21 %
(case1)
 Topology Optimization
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• Topology Optimization is a mathematical technique that produces an optimized

shape and material distribution for a structure within a given package space.

• The OptiStruct algorithm alters the material distribution to optimize the user-
defined objective under given constraints.

Topology Optimization of a Crane Hook with Stress Constraints :-

Objective Function Minimize Volume

Constraints Von Misses Stress < 242.1 Mpa

Design Variable The density of each element in the

design space.
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Stress results for all static sub case (Von Mises < 242.1 MPa) :-
 Parameters of Optimized Models
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Results of Optimization:-

MODEL VOLUME (m^3) MASS(kg)

DENSITY Kg/m^3

TRAPEZOIDAL HOOK
9.2357 E -3 7900 72.962
(BEFORE OPTIMIZATION)

TRAPEZOIDAL HOOK

(AFTER OPTIMIZATION) 3.1446 E -3 7900 24.84

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• The main objective of this project work was to perform the Finite Element
Analysis of crane hook so as to determine the maximum deflection, stress
distribution and its location in the Crane Hook.

• The advantages of using stress based optimization over the classical minimization
(compliance) subjected to volume fraction constraint is that it eliminates the
guessing of the right volume fraction.

• It was observed that the stresses, displacements found well within the safe limits
and the structure could withstand the given load.
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