Tutorial 4

MECH 2010
Liang Tengfei
tfliang@ust.hk
Office phone : 2358-8811
Mobile : 5470-0464
Office hour : 5:00-6:00pm on Monday

1
 Outline

• Axial load (normal stress, strain, elongation,

safety factor, lateral deformation)
• Shear load (shear stress, shear strain)
• Bearing stress and shear stress in real system
 Example 1. Axial load
The two bar truss ABC has pin supports at points A and C, which are 2.0m apart.
Members AB and BC are steel bars, pin connected at joint B. The length of BC is
3m. A sign weighing 5.4kn is suspended from bar BC at D and E, which are
located 0.8m and 0.4m, respectively, from the ends of the bar.
(a) if the ultimate stresses in tension and shear are 125 MPa and 45 Mpa, and the safety
factor is 2, determine the required cross-sectional area of AB and the required
diameter of pin at C.
(b) If the bar AB has the dimension in (a), and E = 70GPa, calculate the strain of bar
AB and the elongation length of it.

θ
 M c  ( F sin  )(3.0m)  (2.7kN )(0.8m)  (2.7kN )(2.6m)  0  F
AB AB  5.516kN
 F  R  F cos   0  R  4.590kN
x CH AB CH

 F  R sin   2.7kN  2.7kN  R  0  R  2.340kN

y A CV CV

Reaction force at A and C,

RA  FAB  5.516kN
Rc  ( RCV ) 2  ( RCH ) 2  5.152kN
  ultimate
Tensile force in bar AB S
Shear force acting on the pins at C  allow
Required area of the bar AB

FAB
AAB   88.2mm 2
 ultimate / S
Required diameter of the pin

Vc
Ac , pin   114.4mm 2
2 ultimate / S
d c , pin  4 Ac , pin /   12.1mm
• Original length of AB is :
L  22  32  3.61m
• The strain of bar AB:
  ultimate / S 125MPa / 2
    0.89 103
E E 70GPa
• Elongation length of bar AB:
L   L  0.89 10  3.61  3.22mm
3
lateral deformation under axial load
We know the bar
is in compression,
so there is minus
here
If you don’t know
the bar is in
compression or in
tension. You can
assume the bar is
in tension. And
there is no “-”.
Finally, you can
solve P is negative.
It means the bar is
compressed
Example 2. shear load
(si)
 Shear stress and Bearing stress
Shear stress : tangential to the surface
V
Average shear stress:  aver 
A
F
Average bearing stress:  b  b
Ab
V
m n
p
L a m n

p q  d 2
A
V 4
 One shear Two shear
surface surfaces

V
m n F
V F V
L F
  L F
  2
p q
A 1 d2 p q A 1 d2
V 4 V
4
Example 3
 Solution
• (a)the bearing stress between the strut and the pin
= The force in the strut / the total bearing area of the strut

P 54kN
 b1    125MPa
2td pin 2(12mm)(18mm)
Bearing
surface
• (b) the shear stress in the pin( the pin tends
to shear the two planes between the gussets and
the strut)

Shearing
surface
(c) the bearing stress between the pin and the gussets
The pin bear against the gussets at two locations, so the
bearing area is twice the thickness of the gussets times the pin
diameter;
Bearing
surface

(d) the bearing stress between the anchor bolts and the base plate
(The vertical component of force is transmitted to the pier by
direct bearing between the base plate and the pier; the
horizontal component, is transmitted through the anchor bolts.)

P cos 40 (54kN )(cos 40)

 bolt    108MPa
4tB dbolt 4(8mm)(12mm)

Bearing Bearing
surface force
• (e) the shear stress in the anchor bolts

P cos 40 (54kN )(cos 40)

 bolt    91.4MPa
4 dbolt / 4 4 (12mm) / 4
2 2

Shearing
surface

Shearing force
 Practice

 max  7330 psi;

 b  12800 psi