Neutrophil

Mui Opal Jaja Jui Section 1005

Neutrophils is one of the types of granulocyte. Granulocyte is the
type of white blood cell that have granule in the cytoplasm which
let the cell be able to kill foreign cells such as bacteria, virus and
parasites that enter the body.
Possible Locations and Reason
Produced by bone
marrow.

They circulate around our

body in the bloodstreams
because neutrophil is a
part of white blood cell.

Life span 7-12 hours in

blood. 2-3 days in other
tissues.
Organelles are found in this cell…
⭒ Multilobed Nucleus (Specialized) ⭒ Golgi body

⭒ Glycogen ⭒ Cell Membrane

⭒ Granule (Specialized) ⭒ Cytoplasm

-Primary azurophilic Granule ⭒ Ribosome (Few amount)

-Secondary Granule ⭒ Mitochondria

⭒ Cytoskeleton ⭒ Phagosome (Specialized)

⭒ Lysosome
 Cytoplasm

Cell Membrane

Golgi Body
Mitochondria
Why these organelles? Shape of the cell
• Multilobed Nucleus: Provides larger • Flexible Shape
space to destroy bigger microorganisms
and allows the cells to move through a Effect of cell’s shape
tight space. • Can move freely and kills the bacteria
easily.
• Glycogen: Produce energy for the cell.
Size: 10-12 μm
• Lysosome: Kill the microorganisms

• Phagosome: Contain the bacteria and

fuse or combine with the lysosomes.
Granule
- Contain antimicrobial
proteins that allow neutrophils
to kill microorganisms

• Primary Granule

• Secondary Granule
Granule:
Primary Granule(azurophilic
granule):
- Large and dense
-consist of hydrolases, myeloperoxidase,
and muramidase(lysozymes)

* Lysozymes = An enzyme that capable of

destroying certain bacteria by breaking down
their walls *
Granule
Secondary granule(specific granule):
- Smaller and less dense
-contains: lactoferrin and lysozyme
Function
When there are many bacteria, foreign cell or invaders, they will release the chemical
substances. The neutrophil that circulate in the blood stream will sense the signal that
the infection is present. It is the first cell that will go and start to kill the invaders.
Because of all these functions help to keep the organisms alive from all the invaders
that harm them.
Phagocytosis
The process that cell engulfs material to destroy or get some information
from it. For Neutrophil, it take use this process to take bacteria into the cell
and release enzyme to destroy it.
Phagosome
In the phagocytosis the material which is bacteria come in the cell in form of a
small pouch, called phagosomes.
Disease that can cause by neutrophil
Neutropenia
• Caused by low number of neutrophil

• Get easily infected

• Symptoms: Fever, affect our mucous membrane

(Mouth), skin

• Treatments: Antibiotics for bacterial infection

Drugs for develop the immune system

Neutrophilia

• Caused by high number of neutrophil

• Symptoms: Body temperature decreased

Bleeding which can lead to hypertension

• Treatment: Bone marrow aspiration

Maintain healthy lifestyle

Neutrophil’s interesting facts
- They were first discovered by Elie Metchnikoff.
- 60 % of immune system
- Most abundant white blood cells (70% approximately in white blood cells)
- A first line defense in immunity.
- African-Americans have lower counts than Caucasians and Asians

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0TvTyj5FAaQ How neutrophil work?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z_mXDvZQ6dU Neutrophil chasing the bacteria.

Two neutrophils among many red blood cells.
References
Haematol, Br, J. (1982). The discharge of primary and secondary granules during immune phagocytosis by
normal and chronic granulocytic leukaemia polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.
nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6952921

Todar, K. (n.d.). The Phagocytic Response of the Host. Retrieved from http://textbookofbacteriology.
net/Bact100/phago_defense.html

Metzler, K. (n.d.). Neutrophils: Definition & Function. Retrieved from http://study.

com/academy/lesson/neutrophils-definition-function-quiz.html

Pruthi, S. (2016). Neutropenia (Low Neutrophil Count). Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.

org/symptoms/neutropenia/basics/definition/sym-20050854

Todar, K. (n.d.). Phagocytic response of the host. Retrieved from http://textbookofbacteriology.

net/Bact100/phago_defense.html