Quadratic Equations 329

Chapter-15

Quadratic Equations

Important Definitions and Related Concepts

1. Quadratic Equation 5. Methods of Solving Quadratic Equation
If p(x) is a quadratic polynomial, then p(x) = 0 is called ( i ) By Factorization
a quadratic equation. The general formula of a quadratic This can be understood by the examples given
equation is ax 2 + bx + c = 0; where a, b, c are real below:
numbers and a  0. For example, x2 – 6x + 4 = 0 is a 2
quadratic equation. Ex. 1: Solve: 25 x  30 x  9  0

2. Roots of a Quadratic Equation Soln: 25x 2  30x  9  0 is equivalent to

Let p(x) = 0 be a quadratic equation, then the values of 5x 2  25x   3  32 0
x satisfying p(x) = 0 are called its roots or zeros.
 5 x  32  0
For example, 25x2 – 30x + 9 = 0 is a quadratic equation.
3 3 3 3
And the value of x = is the solution of the given This gives x  , or simply x  as the
5 5 5 5
equation. required solution.
3 Ex. 2: Find the solutions of the quadratic equation
Since, if we put x = in 25x2 – 30x + 9 = 0, we have,
5 x 2  6 x  5  0 and check the solutions.
2 2
 3 3 Soln: The quadratic polynomial x  6x  5 can be
LHS = 25 ×   – 30 × + 9
 5 5 factorised as follows:
= 9 – 18 + 9 = 0 = RHS
x 2  6x  5  x 2  5x  x  5
Finding the roots of a quadratic equation is known as
= x (x  5 )  1(x  5)

K KUNDAN
solving the quadratic equation.
= (x  5 )(x  1)
3. Quadratic Formulae
Ther ef or e, t he giv en quadr atic equation
(i) If  and  are the two roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0, becomes
then
(x  5)(x  1)  0
 b  b 2  4ac  b  b 2  4ac This gives x = – 5 or, x = – 1
 and  
2a 2a Therefore, x = – 1, – 5 are the required solutions
b of the given equation.
( i i) Sum of the roots (  )   Check: We substitute x = – 1 and x = – 5 in
a
the given equation and get
c
(iii) Product of the roots ()  (i) (–1)2 + 6(–1) + 5
a = 1 – 6 + 5 = 0
( iv) A quardratic equation whose roots are  and (ii) (–5)2 + 6(–5) + 5
 is given by x 2  (  )x    0 , ie x2 –(sum = 25 – 30 + 5 = 0
Therefore, the solutions are correct.
of roots)x + product of roots = 0
(v) In ax 2 + bx + c = 0, t he expr ession Ex. 3: Solve:
D = b 2 – 4ac is called its discriminant. 2x 1 3x  9
  0
x  3 2 x  3 x  3 2 x  3 
4. Nature of Roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 Soln: Obv iously, t he given equation is valid if
Let D = b 2 – 4ac be the discriminant of the given x  3  0 and 2x  3  0 .
equat ion. Then r oots of t he equat ion ax 2 + bx Multiplying throughout by x  32x  3 , we
+ c = 0 are get,
(i) real and equal if D = 0.
2x 2x  3   1x  3  3x  9  0
( i i) real, unequal and rational, when D > 0 and D is
a perfect square.  4x 2  10x  6  0
( i ii ) real, unequal and irrational, when D > 0 and D  2x 2  5x  3  0
is not a perfect square.  2x 2  2x  3x  3  0
( iv) imaginary, if D < 0.
(v) integers, when a = 1, b and c are integers and  2x  3x  1  0
the roots are rational. But 2x + 3  0, so we get x + 1 = 0.
This gives x = –1 as the only solution of the
given equation.
330 SSC Advanced Maths
( i i) By Using Method of Completing Square Ex. 5: Solve the following equation:
It is not always easy to factorise polynomials and 2x2 + 5x – 6 = 0.
solve quadratic equations as discussed above. For Soln: Here, the given equation
example, consider the quadratic equation x 2 + 5x 2x2 + 5x – 6 = 0
+ 5 = 0. If we want to factorise the left-hand side  a = 2, b = 5, c = –6
of the equation using the method of splitting the
middle term, we must determine two integral fac-  b  b 2  4ac
x =
tors of 5 whose sum is 5. But, the only factors of 2a
5 are 1 and 5 or –1 and –5. In both the cases, the
sum is not 5. Therefore, using factorisation, we  5  (5 )2  4  2  (6)
are unable to solve the quadratic equation x2 + 5x =
+ 5 = 0. Here, we shall discuss a method to solve 22
such quadratic equations. Let us consider the fol-
 5  25  48  5  73
lowing example: = =
Ex. 4: Solve: x2 + 3x + 1 = 0. 4 4
Soln: We have
x2 + 3x + 1 = 0  5  73  5  73
= ,
4 4
1
We add and subtract ( coefficient of x) 2 Ex. 6: Determine whether the following quadratic
2 equations have real roots and if they have,
in LHS and get find them:
2 2
 3  3 (a) 3 x 2  5 x  2  0
x 2  3x  1        0
 2  2
(b) x 2  4 x  4  0
2 2
2  3  3  3 2 1 3
 x  2  x       1  0 (c) x  x 0
 2  2  2 3 2
2 Soln: (a) Comparing t he giv en equat ion wit h
 3 5 ax2 – bx + c = 0, we find that, here a = 3,
  x     0
2 4 b = – 5 and c = 2.
Therefore, discriminant D = b 2 – 4ac
2
 3
2
 5 3 5 = (–5)2 – 4 × 3 × 2 = 1

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  x      or x   Since D > 0, the equation has two distinct
2  2  2 2
roots say, ,  given by
5 1 5 1 2
This gives x 

 3 5  or x 
3  5 
6
, ie, 1,  
6
, ie,
3
2 2
2
3  5 3  5 Thus, the two roots are 1 and .
3
Ther efor e, x   , ar e t he
2 2 (b) Here a = 1, b = – 4 and c = 4. Therefore,
solutions of the given equation. D = (–4)2 – 4 × 1 × 4 = 16 – 16 = 0
(iii) By Using Quadratic Formulae Hence, the equation has a repeated root
If the equation is ax2 + bx + c = 0, then
 b   4 
given by    ie,     2.
 b  b 2  4ac  b  b 2  4ac  2a   2 
x  or , x  and
2a 2a 2
 1 3 1 53
(c) D =     4  1  = 6 0
2
 b  b  4ac  3 2 9 9
is often referred to as quadratic
2a Therefore, the equation does not have real
formula. roots.
Ex. 7: Det er mi ne v al ue( s) of p for whi ch t he
b quadratic equation 2x2 + px + 8 = 0 has
(a) When b2 – 4ac = 0, ie b2 = 4ac, then   
2a real roots.
Soln: D = b2 – 4ac
b = p2 – 4 × 2 × 8
and    where  and  are the two roots
2a = p2 – 64
of the above equation, ie both the roots are For the equation having real roots, D  0,
equal. ie, p2 – 64  0
(b) When b2 – 4ac > 0, ie b2 > 4ac, then the equation  p2 – 64, ie, p2 – 82.
has two distinct real roots ,  given by This gives p  8 or p  –8.
Note: p2 – 82  0. gives
 b  b 2  4ac  b  b 2  4ac (p + 8) (p – 8)  0 .... (i)
 and  
2a 2a
Quadratic Equations 331
(i) holds if
2  1
(a) p  8  0 and p  8  0  
117 12K  3 10  K
ie, p  8 and p  8 2
  12K  3  117 10  K 
These give p  8 .
2
or  9  4K  1  117 10  K 
(b) p  8  0 and p  8  0
 16K 2  8K  1  130  13K
ie p  8 and p  8
 16K 2  5K  129  0
These give p  8 .  16K2 – 48K + 43K – 129 = 0
Therefore, required values of p are p  8 or  16K (K – 3) + 43(K – 3) = 0
 (16K + 43) (K – 3) = 0
p  8 .
43
6. Condition for Common Roots K =  or 3
16

Let a1x 2  b1x  c1  0 and a 2x 2  b2x  c 2  0 be two 12K  3

 = = –3 or 4
quadratic equations such that a1, a1  0 and a1b2  a2b1. 10  K
Let  be the common root of these two equations.
7. Maximum or Minimum Value of a Quadratic
Then, a1 2  b1  c1  0 Expression
and a 2 2  b2  c 2  0 As we hav e already seen, equation of the type
Solving these two equations by cross-multiplication, ax2 + bx + c = 0 (where, a  0) is called a quadratic
we get equation. An expression of the type ax 2 + bx + c is
called a “quadratic expression”.
2  1 The quadratic expression ax2 + bx + c takes different
 
b1c 2  b2c1 c1a 2  c 2a1 a1b2  a 2b1 values as x takes different values.
As x varies from – to +, the quadratic expression
b1c 2  b2c1 c a  c 2a1 ax2 + bx + c
 2   1 2
a1b2  a 2b1 and a1b2  a 2b1 ( i ) has a minimum value whenev er a > 0. The
minimum value of the quadratic expression is

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Eliminating , we get
2
 4ac  b 2  b
 b1c 2  b2c1   c1a 2  c 2a1   
  4a  and it occurs at x   .
  2a
 a1b2  a2b1   a1b2  a 2b1 
( i i) has a miximum value whenev er a < 0. The
2
 b1c 2  b2c1  a1b2  a 2b1   c1a 2  c 2a1  miximum value of the quadratic expression is
The above is the required condition for the two qua-  4ac  b 2 
  b
dratic equations to have a common root. and it occurs at x   .
 4a  2a
The common root is given by  
c1a 2  c 2a1 b c  b2c1 Ex. 9: Find the maximum or minimum value of
 or   1 2 –5x2 + 20x + 40.
a1b2  a 2b1 c1a 2  c 2a1
Soln. A quadratic expression of the form ax2 + bx +
Note: ( i ) To find the common root of two equations, c, will have a minimum value when a > 0
make the coefficient of second degree terms and maximum value when a < 0. Its maximum
in two equations equal and subtract. The
value of x so obt ained is the r equir ed 4ac  b 2
or minimum value is given by and it
common root. 4a
( i i) If t he t wo equat ions hav e bot h r oot s
b
a1 b1 c1 occurs at x   .
common, then a  b  c 2a
2 2 2
Given, a = –5, b = 20 and c = 40
Since, a < 0, the expression has a maximum
Ex. 8: Find the value of K, so that the equations
value.
x 2  x  12  0 and Kx 2  10 x  3  0 m ay
4(5)(40 )  20 2
have one root common. Also find the common  the maximum value = = 60
root. 4(5)
Soln: Let  be the common root of the two equa- Ex. 10: In the previous example, find the value of
tions. x for which the maximum value occurs.
Hence, 2 –  – 12 = 0 and Soln. The maximum vlaue of the expression occurs
K2 + 10 + 3 = 0 at b 20
Solving the two equations, x   2
2a 2(5 )
332 SSC Advanced Maths

Exercise

2x  3 3x  1 14. If the roots of equation ax 2  bx  c  0 are   then

1. The solution of  is
2x  1 3x  1 what will be the value of 2 + 2?

1 1 8 8 b 2  2ac b 2  2ac
a) b)  c) d)  a) b)
8 8 3 3 a2 a2

2. Let f(x) = x² – 27x + 196. If f(x) = x, then the value of x a2 a2

c) 2 d) 2
is b  2ac b  2ac
a)  28 b) 14 c) 7 d) 4
15. If the roots of the equation (c 2  ab )x 2  2(a 2  bc )x
2/3 1/3
3. The solution of the equation x  x  2  0 is
(b 2  ac )  0 for a  0 are real and equal, then the
a) x = 2 or x = 4 b) x = 1 or x = –8
c) x = 8 or x = –1 d) x = 1 or x = 8 value of a 3  b 3  c 3 is
4. Minimum value of 2x² – 8x + 7 is a) abc b) 3 abc c) zero d) None of these
a) 2 b) –2 c) 1 d) –1 16. If  and  are t he t wo r oots of t he equation
5. The roots of the equation (x + 3) (x – 3) = 25 are 2x 2  7x  3  0 , then find the value of ( + 2) ( + 2)
a) 5 and –5 b) 3 and –3
a) 9 b) –9.5 c) 9.5 d) 6
c) 34 and  34 d) 8 and 2
17. The roots of 2x 2  6x  3  0 are
6. The solutions of the equation 25  x 2  x  1 are a) Real, unequal and rational
b) Real, unequal and irrational
a) x = 3 and x = 4 b) x = 5 and x = 1
c) Real and equal
c) x = –3 and x = 4 d) x = 4 and x = –3
d) Imaginary
7. Which of the following equations has real roots?
a) 3x² + 4x + 5 = 0 b) x² + x + 4 = 0 18. If the roots of ax 2  bx  c  0 be equal, then the value
c) (x – 1) (2x – 5) = 0 d) 2x² – 3x + 4 = 0 of c is
8. Find the maximum or minimum v alue of the b b  b2 b2
expression 2x – 3x2 + 7. a) b) c) d)

K KUNDAN
2a 2a 4a 4a
22 47
a) Minimum of b) Minimum of 19. If the sum of the squares of the roots of the equation
3 8
x 2  2x  p  0 is 10, then the value of p will be
22 47
c) Maximum of d) Maximum of a) –3 b) 3 c) 6 d) –6
3 8
9. If a and b are the roots of the equation x² – 6x + 6 = 0, 2 0 . If the equation 4x 2  x  p  1  1  0 has exactly two
then the value of a² + b² is equal roots, then one of the values of p is
a) 36 b) 24 c) 12 d) 6 a) 5 b) –3 c) 0 d) 3

x  4  x  10 5 21. If  and  are the roots of the equation 5 x 2  x  2  0 ,

10. Given  . The value of x is
x  4  x  10 2 2
2
then the equation for which the roots are and
331 263 17  
a) 1 b) c) d) is
5 20 21
a) x 2  x  10  0 b) x 2  x  10  0
11. The roots of the quadratic equation 2x 2  11x  15  0
are c) x 2  x  10  0 d) x 2  x  10  0
5 3 5 2 2 . If ,  are the roots of the equation x² – q(1 + x) – r = 0,
a) 3, b) 5, c) 3,  d) None of these
2 2 2
then 1   1   is
12. If  are the roots of x 2  3x  2  0, then the equation a) 1 – r b) q – r c) 1 + r d) q + r
with roots (+ 1) ( + 1) is
23. For what value of p, the difference of the roots of the
a) x 2  5x  6  0 b) x 2  5x  6  0 equation x² – px + 8 = 0 is 2?
c) x 2  5x  6  0 d) x 2  5x  6  0 a)  2 b)  4 c)  6 d)  8
24. Find the minimum value of the quadratic equation
13. If 2a 2  a  2  1 and a > 0, then a = ? 5x² + 7x + 2.
3 9 9 29 29
a) 1 b) c) 3 a)  b)  c)  d) 
2 10 20 10 20
3
d) 1, e) None of these
2
Quadratic Equations 333
25. The roots of the quadratic equation ax² + bx + c = 0 37. If one root of the quadratic equation x² + bx + c = 0 is
will be reciprocal to each other if square of the other, then b³ + c² + c equals
1 a) bc b) 2bc c) 3bc d) 6bc
a) a = b) a = c c) b = ac d) a = b
c
38. If t he equat ion 3x 2  7x  30  2x 2  7x  5  x  5
1 1 1 1
26. If the equation    has two roots has x1, x 2 as its roots, then the value of x1 x 2 is
x a x k a k
which are equal in magnitude but opposite in sign, a) 15 b) 0 c) –5 d) –15
then ‘a’ is equal to 39. Which of the following expressions cannot be equal
a) k b) –k c)  2k d) 2k to zero, when x 2  2x  3 ?
27. If the roots of the quadratic equation x² – px + q = 0 a) x 2  7x  6 b) x 2  9
differ by unity, then
a) p² = 4q + 1 b) p² = 4q – 1 c) x 2  4x  3 d) x 2  6x  9
c) q² = 4p + 1 d) q² = 4p – 1
28. If  and  are the roots of the equation ax² + bx + c = 0, 40. If 2x 2  7xy  3y 2  0 , then the value of x : y is
1 1 a) 3 : 2 b) 2 : 3
then the equation whose roots are   and   is c) 3 : 1 and 1 : 2 d) 5 : 6
 
a) abx² + b (c + a) x + (c + a)² = 0 41. If ,  are t he r oot s of t he quadr atic equation
b) (c + a) x² + b (c + a) x + ac = 0
c) cax² + b (c + a) x + (c + a)² = 0 x 2  px  q  0, then 3  3 = ?
d) cax² + b (c + a) x + c (c + a)² = 0
a) q 3  3 pq b) q 3  3 pq
29. If a³ = b³ and a  b , then the sum of the roots of the
equation x² – (a² + ab + b²) x + k = 0 is equal to c) p 3  3 pq d) p 3  3 pq
a) k b) b² c) 0 d) a²
42. Find the maximum value of the expression –2x² – 8x + 5.
30. If 0 < a < 4, then the equation ax(1 – x) = 1 has a) 13 b) 26 c) –6 d) –3
a) two equal roots
43. A and B solved a quadratic equation. In solving it, A
b) one positive root and one negative root
made a mistake in the constant term and obtained
c) two irrational roots
the roots as 5, –3, while B made a mistake in the
d) No real roots
coefficient of x and obtained the roots as 1, –3. The

K KUNDAN
31. The condition that one root of the equation ax² + bx + correct roots of the equation are
c = 0 is three times the other is a) 1, 3 b) –1 , 3 c) –1 , –3 d) 1, –1
a) b² = 8ac b) 3b² = 16ac
44. If (x – 3) (2x + 1) = 0, then possible values of 2x + 1 are
c) 3b² = 5ac d) b² + 3ac = 0
a) 0 only b) 0 and 3
32. If the equation (m – n)x² + (n – l)x + l – m = 0 has equal 1
roots, then l, m and n satisfy c)  and 3 d) 0 and 7
2
a) 2l = m + n b) 2m = n + l
c) m = n + l d) l = m + n 15
45. If x + 8 = , then x is equal to
33. If one root of the quadratic equation 3x² – 10x + p = 0 x
a) –5 or –3 b) –5 or 3
1 c) –3 or 5 d) 3 or 5
is , t hen t he v alue of p and t he ot her root
3
10
respectively are 46. Find a, if a – 3 = .
a
1 1 1 a) 7, 7 b) 5, –2 c) –5, 2 d)  7, 7
a) 3, b) 3, 3 c) – , – d) –3, –3
3 3 3 47. Which of the following is a quadratic equation?
34. If the quadratic equation 2x² + 3x + p = 0 has equal a) x2 + 2x + 1 = (4 – x)2 + 3
roots, then the value of p will be  2
b) –2x2 = (5 – x)  2x  
4 5 6 9  5
a) b) c) d)
3 4 5 8 3
c) (k + 1)x2 + x = 7, where k = –1
2
35. If the roots of the equation 12x² + mx + 5 = 0 are in
d) x3 – x2 = (x – 1)3
the ratio 3 : 2, then the value(s) of m is/are
48. Which of the following equations has 2 as a root?
a) 6 5 b) 6 5 c) 5 10 d) 6 10
a) x2 – 4x + 5 = 0 b) x2 + 3x – 12 = 0
2
36. The set of values of k, for which x² + 5kx + 16 = 0 has c) 2x – 7x + 6 = 0 d) 3x2 – 6x – 2 = 0
no real root, is 1 5
49. If is a root of the equation x2 + kx – = 0, then
8 8 2 4
a) k  b) k  the value of k is
5 5
1 1
8 8 a) 2 b) –2 c) d)
c)  k  d) –8 < k < 8 4 2
5 5
334 SSC Advanced Maths
50. Value(s) of k for which the quadratic equation 2x2 – kx 63. For what value of k, does the equation [kx2 + (2k + 6)x
+ k = 0 has equal roots is/are + 16 = 0] have equal roots?
a) 0 b) 4 c) 8 d) 0, 8 a) 1 and 9 b) –9 and 1
51. If x is real, then the minimum value of (x2 – x + 1) is c) –1 and 9 d) –1 and –9
3 1 64. The product of the roots of x2 – 3kx + 2k2 – 1 = 0 is
a) b) 0 c) 1 d) 7 for a fixed k. What is the nature of roots?
4 4
a) Integral and positive
52. Which constant must be added and subtracted to solve b) Integral and negative
3 c) Irrational
the quadratic equation 9x 2 + x – 2 = 0 by the d) Rational but not integral
4
method of completing the square? 65. What are the roots of the equation (a + b + x)–1 = a-1 +
1 1 1 9 b–1 + x–1?
a) b) c) d)
8 64 4 64 a) a, b b) –a, b c) a, –b d) –a, –b
53. The quadratic equation 2x2 – 5 x + 1 = 0 has 66. What is one of the values of x in the equation
a) two distinct real roots x 1  x 13
b) two equal real roots   ?
1 x x 6
c) no real roots
d) More than 2 real roots 5 7 9 11
a) b) c) d)
54. Which of the following equations has two distinct 13 13 13 3
real roots? 67. If the equations 2x2 – 7x + 3 = 0 and 4x2 + ax – 3 = 0
9 have a common root, then what is the value of a?
a) 2x2 – 3 2 x + = 0 b) x2 + x – 5 = 0 a) –11 or 4 b) –11 or –4
4
c) 11 or –4 d) 11 or 4
c) x2 + 3x + 2 2 = 0 d) 5x2 – 3x + 1 = 0
68. If one root of px2 + qx + r = 0 is double of the other
55. Which of the following equations has no real roots? root, then which one of the following is correct?
a) x2 – 4x + 3 2 = 0 b) x2 + 4x – 3 2 = 0 a) 2q2 = 9pr b) 2q2 = 9p
c) 4q2 = 9r d) 9q2 = 2pr
c) x2 – 4x – 3 2 = 0 d) 3x2 +4 3 x + 4 = 0
69. If 3x+ 27(3–x) = 12, then what is the value of x?
56. (x2 + l)2 – x2 = 0 has a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 1 or 2 d) 0 or 1
a) four real roots b) two real roots
70. What is the magnitude of difference of the roots of

K KUNDAN
c) no real roots d) One real root
x2 – ax + b = 0?
57. If x 2 – kx – 21 = 0 and x2 – 3kx + 35 = 0 have one
common root, then what is the value of k? a) a 2  4b b) b 2  4a
a) +4 only b) –4 only
c) ± 4 d) ±1 c) 2 a 2  4b d) b 2  4ab
58. How many r eal v alues of x sat isfy t he equat ion 71. Which one of the following is the quadratic equation
2 1 whose roots are reciprocal to the roots of the quadratic
x3 x3
20 ? equation 2x2 – 3x – 4 = 0?
a) 3x2 – 2x – 4 = 0 b) 4x2 + 3x – 2 = 0
a) Only 1 value b) 2 values c) 3x2 – 4x – 2 = 0 d) 4x2 – 2x – 3 = 0
c) 3 values d) No value
72. The v alue of y which will sat isf y the equations
59. If sum of the roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 is 2x2 + 6x + 5y + 1 = 0 and 2x + y + 3 = 0 may be found
equal to the sum of their squares, then which one of by solving which one of the following equations?
the following is correct? a) y2 + 14y – 7 = 0 b) y2 + 8y + 1 = 0
a) a2 + b2 = c2 b) a2 + b2 = a + b c) y2 + 10y – 7 = 0 d) y2 – 8y + 7 = 0
c) 2ac = ab + b2 d) 2c + b = 0
73. If a polynomial equation has rational coefficients and
60. If ,  are the roots of x2 – 5x + k = 0, then what is the has exactly three real roots, then what is the degree
value of k such that  –  = 1? of the polynomial?
a) 1 b) 3 c) 4 d) 6 a) Equal to 3
61. Which one of the following is the equation whose b) Greater than or equal to 3
roots are respectively three times the roots of the c) Strictly greater than 3
equation ax + bx + c = 0? d) Less than 3
a) ax2 + 3bx + c = 0 b) ax2 + 3bx + 9c = 0
74. If ,  are the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0, then what is
c) ax2 – 3bx + 9c = 0 d) ax2 + 3bx + 3c = 0
62. If ,  are the roots of the equation (ax + bx + c = 0),  1 1 
then what is the value of 3 + 3? the value of  2  2  ?
   
b 3  3abc a3  b3 2
b(b 2  4ac )
a) b) b (b 2  4ac )
a 3
3ab a) b)
c 4 c2
2 2
3abc  b 3 b 3  3abc (b  4ac ) (b  4ac )
c) d) c) d)
a3 a 3 c2 c4
Quadratic Equations 335
75. What is one of t he r oot s of t he equation 87. W hat is t he solut ion of t he equat ion

2x 3x 3 x x 3 3
  ?   ?
3x 2x 2 x3 x 2
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 a) 1 b) 2
c) 4 d) None of these
76. If ,  are the roots of the equation (x2 – 3x + 2 = 0),
then which equation has the roots ( + 1) and ( + 1)? 88. What are the roots of the equation 4x – 3.2x+2 + 32 = 0?
a) x2 + 5x + 6 = 0 b) x2 – 5x – 6 = 0 a) 1, 2 b) 3, 4 c) 2, 3 d) 1, 3
c) x2 + 5x – 6 = 0 d) x2 – 5x + 6 = 0 89. If  and  are the roots of the equation x2 – x – 1 = 0,
77. If one of the roots of the equation ax2 + x – 3 = 0 is then what is the value of (4 + 4)?
–1.5, then what is the value of a? a) 7 b) 0
a) 4 b) 3 c) 2 d) –2 c) 2 d) None of these

78. When the roots of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c 90. If sum as well as product of roots of a quadratic
= 0 are negative of reciprocals of each other, then equation is 9, then what is the equation?
which one of the following is correct? a) x2 + 9x – 18 = 0 b) x2 – 18x + 9 = 0
a) b = 0 b) c = 0 c) a = c d) a = –c c) x2 + 9x + 9 = 0 d) x2 – 9x + 9 = 0

79. W hat ar e the root s of t he equat ion ( x 2 – 6x 91. What is the least integral value of k for which the
+ 45) = 100 equation x2 – 2(k – 1)x + (2k + 1) = 0 has both the roots
a) 9, –5 b) –9, 5 c) 11, –5 d) –11, 5 positive?
1
1 1 1 a) 1 b)  c) 4 d) 0
80. The sum of the roots of the equation   2
x a x b c
92. If  and  are the roots of the equation x2 – 6x + 6 = 0,
is zero. What is the product of the roots of the equation? what is 3 + 3 + 2 + 2 +  +  equal to?
(a  b ) (a  b ) a) 150 b) 138 c) 128 d) 124
a)  b)
2 2 93. W hat ar e the root s of t he quadr at ic equat ion
2 2 2 2
a2b2x2 – (a2 + b2)x + 1 = 0 ?
(a  b ) (a  b )
c)  d) 1 1 1 1
2 2 a) , b)  , 
81. For what value of k, will the roots of the equation a2 b2 a2 b2

K KUNDAN
kx2 – 5x + 6 = 0 be in the ratio of 2 : 3? 1 1 1 1
a) 0 b) 1 c) –1 d) 2 c) ,  d)  ,
a2 b2 a2 b2
82. What is the ratio of sum of squares of roots to the pro-
duct of the roots of the equation 7x2 + 12x + 18 = 0? 94. If one root of the equation 2x2 + 3x + c = 0 is 0.5, then
a) 6 : 1 b) 1 : 6 what is the value of c?
c) –6 : 1 d) –6 : 7 a) –1 b) –2 c) –3 d) –4
x (x  1)  (m  1) x 95. What is the condition that the equation ax2 + bx + c =
83. If the roots of the equation  are
(x  1)(m  1) m 0, where a  0 has both the roots positive?
equal, then what is the value of m? a) a, b and c are of same sign
1 1 b) a and b are of same sign
a) 1 b) c) 0 d)  c) b and c have the same sign opposite to that of a
2 2
d) a and c have the same sign opposite to that of b
84. If  and  are the roots of the equation x2 + px + q = 0,
then – –1 , ––1 ar e t he roots of which one of t he 96. The equation (1 + n2)x2 + 2ncx + (c2 – a2) = 0 will have
following equations? equal roots, if
a) qx2 – px + 1 = 0 b) q2 + px + 1 = 0 a) c2 = 1 + a2 b) c2 = 1 – a2
c) x2 + px – q = 0 d) x2 – px + q = 0 2 2 2
c) c = 1 + n + a d) c2 = (1 + n2)a2
85. If one root of the equation ax2 + x – 3 = 0 is –1, then
what is the other root? 97. The equation whose roots are twice the roots of the
1 1 3 equation x2 – 2x + 4 = 0 is
a) b) c) d) 1 a) x2 – 2x + 4 = 0 b) x2 – 2x + 16 = 0
4 2 4
2
86. If the equation (a2 + b2)x2 – 2 (ac + bd) x + (c2 + d2) = 0 c) x – 4x + 8 = 0 d) x2 – 4x + 16 = 0
has equal roots, then which one of the following is
correct? 3 1
98. If x2 – 4x +1 = 0, then what is the value of x  ?
a) ab = cd b) ad = bc x3
c) a2 + c2 = b2 + d2 d) ac = bd a) 44 b)48 c) 52 d) 64
336 SSC Advanced Maths

Answers and explanations

2x  3 3x  1 8. c; The given expression = –3x2 + 2x + 7

1. b; The given equation is  Here, a = –3 < 0
2x  1 3x  1
(2x + 3) (3x + 1) = (2x – 1) (3x – 1) 4ac  b 2
 6x² + 11x + 3 = 6x² – 5x + 1  The expression has maximum value =
4a
1 4  (3)  7  (2)2 22
 16x  2  x    Maximum value = 
8 4  (3) 3
2. b; f(x) = x² – 27x + 196 and
b
f(x) = x means x² – 27x + 196 = x 9. b; We know that sum of the roots =  and the
 x² – 28x + 196 = 0 a
 (x – 14)² = 0  x = 14. c
product of the roots = .
1
a
3. b; Let x 3 be y.
 6  6
a + b =    = 6 and ab = = 6
2 1
 1  1
Then, x  x  2  0
3 3
a² + b² = (a + b)² – 2ab = 36 – 12 = 24
 y² + y – 2 = 0
10. c; The given expression
 y² + 2y – y – 2 = 0
 y(y + 2) –1(y + 2) = 0 x  4  x  10 5
 
 (y – 1)(y + 2) = 0 y = 1 or –2. x  4  x  10 2
Therefore, x = y³ gives x = 1 or –8
x  4  x  10 x  4  x  10 5
4. d; 2x² – 8x + 7   
x  4  x  10 x  4  x  10 2
= 2 (x² – 4x) + 7
= 2 (x² – 4x + 4 – 4) + 7 2

= 2[(x – 2)² – 4] + 7

 x  4  x  10  
5
= 2 (x – 2)² – 8 + 7 = 2 (x – 2)² – 1  x  4   x  10 2
Now 2 (x – 2)² is positive quantity.
 For minimum value of 2x² – 8x + 7 = 2 (x – 2)² – 1, x  4  x  10  2 x 2  6x  40 5
2 (x – 2)² = 0 x = 2  
14 2
 The minimum value of 2x² – 8x + 7 is –1.

K KUNDAN
Alternative Method:  2x  6  2 x 2  6x  40  35
The given expression = 2x² – 8x + 7  2x  2 x 2  6x  40  41
Here, a = 2 > 0
2
2
 The given expr ession has minimum v alue   2x  41   2 x  6x  40 
2

4ac  b 2 4  2  7  (8)2 56  64 8 4x² + 1681 – 164x = 4(x² – 6x – 40)

= = = = = –1
4a 42 8 8 4x² + 1681 – 164x = 4x² – 24x – 160
5. c; x² – 9 = 25 x² = 34 263
 140x = 1841  x 
20
 x   34
11. a; The given quadratic equation = 2x 2  11x  15  0
6. d; 2
25  x  x  1 11  121  120 11  1 5
x = =  3,
On squaring both sides, we get, 4 4 2
25 – x² = (x – 1)² 12. d;  +  = 3 and  = 2
25 – x² = x² + 1 – 2x Sum of the roots of the required equation
2x² – 2x – 24 = 0 = ( + 1) + ( + 1)
x² – x – 12 = 0 =  +  + 2 = 5
x² – 4x + 3x – 12 = 0 Product of the roots = ( + 1)( + 1)
x(x – 4) + 3(x – 4) = 0
(x – 4) (x + 3) = 0 x = 4, x = –3 =  +  +  + 1
= 2 + 3 + 1 = 6
7. c; The equation ax² + bx + c = 0 has real roots if  The equation, whose roots are ( + 1) and ( + 1),
b2 – 4ac > 0. is given by x2 – 5x + 6 = 0
Option (a)  b² – 4ac   Quadratic equation = x 2 – (Sum of roots)x +
= (4)2 – 4 × 3 × 5 product of roots = 0]
= 16 – 60 = –44 < 0 13. a; 2a2 + a – 2 = 1
Option (b) : b² – 4ac  2a2 + a – 3 = 0
= (1)2 – 4 × 1 × 4  2a2 + 3a – 2a – 3 = 0
= 1 – 16 = –15 < 0  a (2a + 3) –1 (2a + 3) = 0
Option (c) : (x – 1) (2x – 5) = 0  (2a + 3)(a – 1) = 0
2x² – 7x + 5 = 0
3
b² – 4ac = 49 – 40 = 9 > 0  a = 1, a = 
Option (d) : b² – 4ac 2
= (–3)2 – 4 × 2 × 4 = 9 – 32 = –23 < 0 Since a > 0, therefore a = 1 is the only possibility.
Quadratic Equations 337

b c 22. a; Given that  and  are the roots of the equation

14. a; We know that      and   . x² – qx – (q + r) = 0
a a
b 2 2c b 2  2ac      q and   (q  r )
 2  2  (  )2  2 = 2  
Now, (1   )(1  )  1      
a a a2
2 2 = 1 + q – (q + r ) = 1 – r
15. b; Discriminant = [ 2(a 2  bc ) ]2 –4 (c  ab )(b  ac ) = 0
23. c; The given equation is x² – px + 8 = 0.
for the roots to be equal.
3 3 2
If the roots are  and , then     p and   8
 a 4  b 2c 2  2a 2bc  c 2b 2 + ac  ab  a bc  0
2 2
            4  p 2  32
 a 3  2abc  c 3  b 3  abc  0
 2² = p² – 32
 a 3  b 3  c 3  3abc
 p² = 36 p =  6
7 3 24. b; The given expression = 5x 2 + 7x + 2
16. c;     and   Here, a = 5 > 0
2 2
4ac  b 2
 (  2)(  2) =   2  2  4  The expression has minimum value =
4a
=   2(  )  4
4  5  2  (7)2 9
 Minimum value = 
3 19 45 20
=  11   9.5
2 2 1
25. b; Let  and be the roots of the given equation.
2
17. b; Discriminant (D) = b – 4ac = 36 – 24 = 12 > 0 
 Roots are real and distinct but irrational. 1 c
     c = a.
 a
b2 26. c; Clearly x = k is a root of the equation
18. d; b2 – 4ac = 0  c =
4a
1 1 1 1
  
19. b; Let the roots of the equation x² + 2x – p = 0 be and . x a x k a k
Then,  +  = –2,   = –p and  2 + 2 = 10 Therefore, another root would be x = –k.
2
       2  2  2 Putting x = –k, we have,

(–2)² = 10 + 2 × (–p)  p = 3 1 1 1 1

K KUNDAN
  
20. d; Let the roots of the equation 4x² + x (p + 1) + 1 k  a k k  a k
= 0 be  and  Then the sum of the roots  a 2  2k 2  a   2k
p 1 p 1 27. a; Let  and  be the roots of the equation
       ....(i)
4 8 x² – px + q = 0
Given,  –  = 1
1
Product of the roots      ...(ii)    2  4  1
4
From (i) and (ii), we have, Now,  + = Sum of the roots = p and
2  = Product of the roots = q
 p  1 1
     p² – 4q = 1
8  4
 p² = 4q + 1
 (p + 1)² = 16
 p + 1 =  4  p = 3, –5 b c
28. c;      and  
a a
21. d; Let and  be the roots of the equation 5x² – x – 2
= 0 Sum of the roots of the required equation
1 2  1  1 
 + = and =              
5 5     
2 2     b b b c  a 
Now, sum of the roots =     2      
a c ac
 1  1 1
 1  Product of the roots          =   2
 5      
= 2  2   1 2
 
 5 
c a
 2
a  c 
a c ac
2 2 4 4  Required equation is
Product of the roots       10
   2
 2
 Required equation will be 5  b(c  a )
x2  
a  c   0
 ac  x  ac
x² – (Sum of the roots)x + Product of the roots = 0
 x² + x – 10 = 0 cax² + b(c + a) x + (a + c)² = 0
338 SSC Advanced Maths
29. c; Given, a³ = b³
37. c; Let  and  2 be the roots of the given quadratic
a³ – b³ = 0
(a – b) (a² + ab + b²) = 0 equation.
Then,    2  b and  3  c
 a  b  a 2  ab  b 2  0
2 3
a 2  ab  b 2
Now,     
  3   6  3. 2    2 
 Sum of the roots  0 3
1  c  c  3c  b    b 
2

30. d; The given equation = ax(1 – x) = 1  c  c 2  b 3  3bc

 ax – ax² = 1 38. d; Let A stand for 3x 2  7x  30 and B stand for
ax² – ax + 1 = 0
2x 2  7x  5 .
For real roots, a 2  4a  0 Then we are given that
 a (a  4)  0 A – B = x – 5 ....(i)
A2 – B2 = (3x² – 7x – 30) – (2x² – 7x – 5) = x² – 25
 a  0 or a  4 (A – B)(A + B) = (x – 5)(x + 5)
 If 0 < a < 4, then the given equation has no real (x – 5)(A + B) = (x – 5)(x + 5)
roots. A + B = x + 5 ....(ii)
Adding equations (i) and (ii), we get, A = x
31. b; If one root is  , then the other root is 3 .
 2x² – 7x – 30 = 0
b b
   3    ....(i) 30
a 4a If x1 and x 2 are the roots, then x1x 2   15
c c 2
  3   3 2  ....(ii)
a a 39. a; x 2  2x  3  (x  3)(x  1) = 0
Eliminating  from (i) and (ii), we get,
2
 (x – 3) = 0 or (x + 1) = 0
 b  c
3   3b 2  16ac Option (a) : x 2  7 x  6  (x  6)(x  1)
 4a  a
32. b; Since, (m – n)x² + (n – l)x + l – m = 0 has equal roots. Option (b) : x 2  9  (x  3)(x  3)
(n – l)² = 4(m – n) (l – m)
n² + l² – 2nl = 4ml – 4nl – 4m2 + 4nm Option (c) : x 2  4x  3  (x  3)(x  1)
n² + l² – 2nl + 4nl – 4ml + 4m2 – 4nm
Option (d) : x 2  6x  9  (x  3)2
n² + l² + 2nl – 4m (l + n) + 4m2

K KUNDAN
(l + n)² – 4m(l + n) + 4m² = 0
[(l + n) – 2m]² = 0 2m = l + n x2 x
40. c; 2 7 30
y2 y
33. a; Given equation is 3x² – 10x + p = 0.
2
 1  1 x 7  49  24 75 1
 3    10    p  0     3,
 3  3 y 22 4 2
 p 3  x : y = 3 : 1 and 1 : 2
 Given equation becomes 3x² – 10x + 3 = 0. 41. d;     p and   q
3
 Product of the roots   1   3  3  (  )(2  2   )
3
1 = (   )[(  )2  3 )]
 If 3 is one root, then the other root is .
3 = p( p 2  3q )  p 3  3 pq
34. d; For equal roots, b² – 4ac = 0 42. a; The given expression = –2x2 – 8x + 5
9 Here, a = –2 < 0
 9  8p  0  p 
8 4ac  b 2
 The expression has maximum value =
4a
35. c; Let the roots be 3 and 2 .
4  (2)  5  (8)2
2 Maximum value = = 13
m 5  m  5 4  ( 2)
 5  , 6 ²   6   
12 12 60  12 43. b; A’s quadratic equation = x2 – (5 – 3)x + (5) × (–3)
= x2 – 2x – 15 = 0
 m 2  250  m  5 10 B’s quadratic equation = x2 – (1 – 3)x + (1) × (–3)
36. c; For no real solution, the discriminant should be = x2 + 2x – 3 = 0
negative. Since A made a mistake in the constant term and
(5k)2 – 4 × 1 × 16 < 0 B made a mistake in coefficient of x, therefore, the
25k2 – 64 < 0 correct equation is x2 – 2x – 3 = 0
64 8 8  (2)  ( 2)2  4(1)(3)
2  4  12 24
 k2 <  k < or k > – Roots = = =
25 5 5 2 1 2 2
8 8 = 3 and –1
 – < k <
5 5  Roots of the correct equation are 3, –1.
Quadratic Equations 339
44. d; (x – 3) (2x + 1) = 0
1 k 5 1  2k  5
 x – 3 = 0 or 2x + 1 = 0.  + – = 0  = 0
4 2 4 4
If x = 3, then 2x + 1 = 2 × 3 + 1 = 7
 2k – 4 = 0  2k = 4  k = 2
15
45. a; The given expression is x + 8 =  50. d; Given equation is 2x2 – kx + k = 0
x
On comparing with ax2 + bx + c = 0, we get,
 x 2  8x  15  0 a = 2, b = –k and c = k
x2 + 5x + 3x + 15 = 0 For equal roots, the discriminant must be zero.
x + (x + 5) + 3(x + 5) = 0 ie, D = b2 – 4ac = 0
(x + 5) (x + 3) = 0 (–k)2 – 4(2)k = 0
 x = –5 or –3.  k2 – 8k = 0
k(k – 8) = 0
46. b; a 2  3a  10  0 k = 0, 8
3  9  40 3  7
 a  51. a; For expression ax 2 + bx + c, a > 0, the minimum
2 2
 a = 5, and –2. 4ac  b 2
value =
4a
47. d; Option (a) :
x2 + 2x + 1 = (4 – x) + 3 Here, for x2 – x + 1; a = 1, b = –1, c = 1
 x2 + 2x + 1 = 16 + x2 – 8x + 3 4 1 1  1 3
 10x – 18 = 0  Minimum value = 
4 1 1 4
which is not of the form ax2 + bx + c, a  0. Thus,
the equation is not quadratic.
Option (b) : 3
52. b; Given equation is 9x2 + x – 2 = 0
4
 2
–2x2 = (5 – x)  2x  5 
  1
(3x)2 + (3x) – 2 = 0
2x 4
 –2x2 = 10x – 2x2 – 2 +
5 2 2
1 1 1
 50x + 2x – 10 = 0  (3x)2 + 2(3x) × +   –   – 2 = 0
8 8 8
 52x – 10 = 0
which is also not a quadratic equation. 2

K KUNDAN
Option (c) :  1 1
  3x   – – 2 = 0
3  8 64
x2 (k + 1) + x = 7
2 2
Given, k = –1  1 64 2  1
  3x   =
3  8 64
 x2 (–1 + 1) + x = 7
2
2
 3x – 14 = 0 1 1
which is also not a quadratic equation. Clearly,   = must be added and subtracted
8 64
Option (d) :
x3 – x2 = (x – 1)3 to get the required answer.
 x3 – x2 = x – 3x2 (1) + 3x (1)2 – (1)3 53. c; Given equation is 2x2 – 5 x + 1 = 0.
[  (a – b)3 = a3 – b3 + 3ab2 – 3a2b]
On comparing with ax2 + bx + c = 0, we get, a = 2,
x3 – x2 = x3 – 3x2 + 3x – 1
 –x2 + 3x2 – 3x + 1 = 0 b = – 5 and c = 1
 2x2 – 3x + 1 = 0
 Discriminant, D = b2 – 4ac
which represents a quadratic equation because it
has the quadratic form ax2 + bx + c = 0, a  0. = (– 5 )2 – 4 × (2) × (1)
48. c; We know that x =  is the root of the equation = 5 – 8 = –3 < 0
ax2 + bx + c = 0. then x =  must satisfy this equation. Since, discriminant is negative, therefore, quadratic
ie, a2 + b + c = 0
equation 2x 2 – 5 x + 1 = 0 has no real roots, ie
Similarly, from option (c), if x = 2 is the root of the
equation 2x2 – 7x + 6 = 0. imaginary roots.
Then, 2(2)2 – 7(2) + 6 = 2(4) – 14 + 6 54. b; Let the given equation be x2 + x – 5 = 0 from option (b).
= 8 – 14 + 6 = 14 – 14 = 0 On comparing with ax2 + bx + c = 0, we get, a = 1,
x = 2 is root of the equation 2x2 – 7x + 6 = 0. b = 1 and c = –5
1 The discriminant of x2 + x – 5 = 0 is D = b2 – 4ac
49. a; Since, is a root of the quadratic equation = (1)2 – 4 × (1) × (–5)
2
= 1 + 20 = 21
5  b2 – 4ac > 0
x2 + kx – = 0
4  x2 + x – 5 = 0 has two distinct real roots.
2
1 1 5
   + k  – = 0
2  2 4
340 SSC Advanced Maths
Hence, t wo r eal v alues of x satisf y t he giv en
55. a; Let the given equation is x 2 – 4x + 3 2 = 0 from
equation.
option (a).
59. c; Let ,  be the roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0.
Now, on comparing with ax2 + bx + c = 0, we get,
a = 1, b = –4 and c = 3 2 b
 Sum of roots = ( + ) =   and product of
a
The discriminant of x2 – 4x + 3 2 = 0 is D = b2 – 4ac
c
= (–4)2 – 4 × (1) × (3 2 ) roots = () =
a
= 16 – 12 2 = 16 – 12 × 1.41 By the given condition,
= 16 – 16.92 = –0.92  +  = 2 + 2
 b2 – 4ac < 0   +  = ( + )2 – 2
 x2 – 4x + 3 2 = 0 has no real roots. 2
b  b c 
56. c; Given equation is        2 
a  a a 
(x2 + 1)2 – x2 = 0
 x4 + 1 + 2x2 – x2 = 0  –ba = b2 – 2ca
[  (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab]  2ac = b2 + ab
 x4 + x2 + 1 = 0 60. d; Since, and  are the roots of x2 – 5x + k = 0
Let, x2 = y Then,  +  = 5,   = k
(x2)2 + x2 + 1 = 0 Given,  –  = 1
y2 + y + 1 = 0 Then, ( – ) 2 = 1
Now, on comparing with ay2 + by + c = 0, we get,  2 – 2 – 2 = 1
a = 1, b = 1 and c = 1 ( + )2 – 4 = 1
Discriminant, D = b2 – 4ac On putting the values of  +  and , we get,
= (1)2 – 4 × (1) × (1)  52 – 4(k) = 1
= 1 – 4 = –3  25 – 4k = 1 –4k = –24  k = 6
Since, D < 0
61. b; Let  and  be the roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c
y2 + y + 1= 0, ie x4 + x2 + 1 = 0 or (x2 + 12) – x2 = 0
= 0
has no real roots.
b c
57. c; Let the common root of both the equations be , Then,  +  = – and  =
then a a

K KUNDAN
2 – k– 21 = 0 ...(i) Now, let the roots of the required equation be
and 2 – 3k + 35 = 0 ...(ii) 3 and 3.
Solving equations (i) and (ii), we get, Sum of roots = 3 + 3 = 3( + )
2  1  b 
= = 3b
 35k  63k  21  35  3k  k = 3 a  = –
  a
2  1
 = = and product of roots = 3 × 3 = 9 
 98k  56k  2k
9c
2 1
a
=
 =
 98k  2k
Thus, required equation is
56 28 x2 – (Sum of roots)x + (Product of roots) = 0
 2 = 49 and  = =
 2k k 3b 9c
 x2  x 0
2 a a
 28 
Then,   = 49 ax2 + 3bx + 9c = 0
 k 
62. c; Since,  and  are the roots of the equation
28  28 ax2 + bx + c = 0, then
 = k2
49
b c
 16 = k2  k = ±4 + =  and  =
a a
2 1 3+ 3 = ( + )3 – 3( + )
58. b; Given equation is x 3  x 3  2  0 3
 b c  b
 1
2 1 =   – 3 a   c 
 x3  x3  2  0  a   
 
1 b3 3bc 3abc  b 3
 =  + 2 =
 x2 + x – 2 = 0, where  x  x 3  a 3 a a3
 
  63. a; Given equation is kx2 + (2k + 6)x + 16 = 0
 It is a quadratic equation in x. Given equation has equal roots, if b 2 – 4ac = 0
 Discriminant of x2 + x – 2 = 0 is  (2k + 6)2 – 4k × 16 = 0
b2 – 4ac = 12 – 4(1)(–2) = 9 > 0  4k2 + 24k + 36 – 64k = 0
Quadratic Equations 341
 4k2 – 40k + 36 = 0 2
1 1
 k2 – 10k + 9 = 0 4   a    3  0
 k2 – 9k – k + 9 = 0 2 2
k (k – 9) – 1(k – 9) = 0 a a
 (k – 1)(k – 9) = 0  1  3  0   0
2 2
 k = 1 and 9 a = 4
64. c; Let  and  be the roots of the equation When x = 3
x2 – 3kx + 2k2 – 1 = 0 4(3)2 + a(3) – 3 = 0
  = 2k2 – 1  36 + 3a – 3 = 0 a = –11
But,  = 7 a = –11 or 4
 2k2 – 1 = 7 68. a; Given, px2 + qx + r = 0
 2k2 = 8 k2 = 4 k = ± 2 Let the roots be  and .
On putting k = ±2 in the given equation, we get, By the given condition,  = 2
x2 ± 6x + 7 = 0 r
Product of roots = () = = 22 ....(i)
Now, b 2  4ac = 62  4  7 = 36  28 = 2 2 p

Hence, roots of given equation are irrational. q

Sum of roots = ( + ) =  = 3 ....(ii)
p
1 1 1 1 On squaring equation (ii), we get,
65. d; Given,   
a b  x a b x q2
92 =
1 1 1 1 p2
   
a b  x x a b  r  q2
 9  2 p  = [From equation (i)]
  p2
(a  b ) (a  b )
 =  9rp = 2q2
(a  b  x )x ab
69. c; Given, 3x + 27(3–x) = 12
x2 + (a + b)x + ab = 0 Let, 3x = y
 (x + a)(x + b) = 0
 x = –a, –b 27
 y  = 12
y
2
x  y – 12y + 27 = 0
66. c; Let y  y2 – 9y – 3y + 27 = 0

K KUNDAN
1 x
 (y – 3)(y – 9) = 0
1 13  y = 3, 9
 yy  6  3x = 3 or 3x = 9
 x = 1 or x = 2
 (y2 + 1)6 = 13y 70. a; Let the roots of the given equation x2 – ax + b = 0 be
 6y2 – 13y + 6 = 0  and .
 6y2 – 9y – 4y + 6 = 0  +  = a and  = b
 3y(2y – 3) – 2(2y – 3) = 0
 (3y – 2)(2y – 3) = 0 Now, | – | = (  )2  4 = a 2  4b
2 3 71. b; Given equation is 2x2 – 3x – 4 = 0
y = and
3 2 1
To get a reciprocal root, we replace x by .
2 x 4 x
When y =   Now, we have,
3 1 x 9
 9x = 4 – 4x 2
1 1
2  – 3x  – 4 = 0
4 x   
x =
13 –4x2 – 3x + 2 = 0
4x2 + 3x – 2 = 0
3 x 9
When y =   72. c; Given that, 2x2 + 6x + 5y + 1 = 0 ....(i)
2 1 x 4
and 2x + y + 3 = 0
4x = 9 – 9x
y  3
9 x =
x = 2
13
On putting the value of x in equation (i), we get,
67. a; Given, 2x2 – 7x + 3 = 0
2
 2x2– 6x – x + 3 = 0  3y   3y 
 2   6   5y  1  0
 2x(x – 3) – 1(x – 3) = 0  2   2 
 (2x – 1)(x – 3)= 0
1 9  y 2  6y (18  6y )
When x  ,    5y  1  0
2 2 2
 y2 + 10y – 7 = 0
342 SSC Advanced Maths
73. a; If a polynomial equation has rational coefficient and 78. c; Let the roots of equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0 are –
has exactly three real roots, then the degree of the 1
polynomial must be 3. and  .

74. a; Since,  and  are the roots of the equation ax2 + bx  1 c
+ c = 0. (–)    = c = a
 x a
b c
 +  =  and  = 79. c; Given, (x2 – 6x + 45) = 100
a a
 x2 – 6x – 55 = 0
2 2  x2 – 11x + 55x – 55 = 0
 1 1   2   2  x (x – 11) + 5(x – 11) = 0
 
  2  2    2 2   (x + 5)(x – 11) = 0
      
 x = 11, –5

=

(   )2 (   )2  4  1 1 1
( 2 2 )2 80. c; Given,  
x a x b c

(x  b )  ( x  a ) 1
b 2  b 2 4c   (x  a )( x  b )  c

a 2  a 2 a  b2
= 2 = (b 2  4ac )  2cx + (a + b)c = x2 + (a + b)x + ab
 c2  c4  x2 + (a + b – 2c)x + ab – ac – bc = 0
 
 a2  Let the roots of above equation be  and .
 
Given,  +  = 0
 –(a + b – 2c) = 0
75. b; Given equation is
 a + b = 2c
Now,  = ab – ac – bc = ab – (a + b)c
2x 3x 3
  (a  b )
3x 2x 2 = ab – (a + b) [From equation (i)]
2

2x 2ab  (a 2  b 2  2ab ) (a 2  b 2 )
Let a ....(i) = = 
3x 2 2
81. b; Let the roots of the equation kx 2 – 5x + 6 = 0 be

K KUNDAN
1 3  and .
a  
a 2 5 6
+  = and =
 2(a2 – 1) = 3a k k
 2a2 – 3a – 2 = 0  2 2
 2a2 – 4a + a – 2 = 0 Given, =  = 
 3 3
2a(a – 2) + 1(a – 2) = 0
 (2a + 1)(a – 2) = 0 2 5 2 2 6
If a – 2 = 0  + = and  =
3 k 3 k
2x 5 5 9
 = 2 [from equation (i)]  = and 2 =
3x 3 k k
 2x = 4 (3 – x) 3 9
6x = 12 x = 2 = and 2 =
k k
1
If 2a + 1 = 0  a =  9 9
2  =
But a cannot be negative. k2 k
Hence, x = 2 is the required root of the equation.  k = 1 and k  0
(  k = 0 does not satisfy the given condition)
76. d; Since,  and  are the roots of the equation
x2 – 3x + 2 = 0 82. d; Let  and  be the roots of the equaltion 7x2 + 12x
 +  = 3 and = 2 .....(i) + 18 = 0
Now,  + 1 +  + 1 12 18
=  +  + 2 = 3 + 2 = 5 [From equation (i)]   +  = and  =
7 7
and ( + 1)( + 1) =  +  +  + 1
= 2 + 3 + 1 = 6 [From equation (i)] 144
Thus, required equation is  2 + 2 + 2 =
49
x2 – ( + 1 +  + 1)x + ( + 1)( + 1) = 0
x2 – 5x + 6 = 0 144 36 108
 2 + 2 = – = –
77. c; Since, –1.5 is a root of ax2 + x – 3 = 0 49 7 49
 a(–1.5)2 + (–1.5) –3 = 0
108
 2.25a – 4.5 = 0 
 2  2 49 6
4. 5  = 18 = 
a = = 2  7
2.25 7
Quadratic Equations 343
or y + 2 = 0 y = –2
x (x  1)  (m  1) x
83. d;  But, y cannot be negativ e, therefore, it is not
(x  1)(m  1) m permissible.
 m(x2 – x – m – 1) = x(mx – x – m + 1) Hence, x = 1 is the required solution.
 mx2 – mx – m(m + 1) = mx2 – x2 – mx + x 88. c; Given, 4x – 3.2x + 2 + 32 = 0
 x2 – x – m(m + 1) = 0  22x – 8.2x – 4.2x + 32 = 0
Let the roots be  and . (2x – 8)(2x – 4) = 0
 +  = 1, and × = –m(m + 1) Either 2x = 8  x = 3
2 or 2x = 4  x = 2
1 1
 =    = –m(m + 1) 89. a; Since,  and  be the roots of the equation
2 2
x2 – x – 1 = 0
 4m2 + 4m + 1 = 0  +  = 1 and  = –1
 (2m + 1)2 = 0 Now, 4 + 4 = (2 + 2)2 – 2() 2
1 = [( + )2 – 2]2 – 2()2
 m=  = (1 + 2)2 – 2 = 9 – 2 = 7
2
90. d; Let the roots of the quadratic equation be  and .
84. a; Since,  and  be the roots of the equation x2 + px +   +  = 9 and  = 9
q = 0 Hence, equation is x2 – ( + )x + () = 0
 +  = – p and  = q  x2 – 9x + 9 = 0
 1 1   p 91. c; We know that the both of the roots of the equation
Now, ––1 ––1 =     =    =
       q a2x + bx + c = 0 are positive, if

 1   1 1 1 b c
and         = =   0 and 0
     q a a
Hence, required equation is Given equation is x 2 – 2 (k – 1)x + (2k + 1) = 0
x2 – (––1 ––1)x + (––1)(––1) = 0 whose roots are positive.
b 2(k  1)
2 p 1  = 0
 x  x   a 1
q q  k > 1
 qx2 – px + 1 = 0
c 2(k  1)
85. c; Since, one root of the equation ax2 + x – 3 = 0 is –1. And  0

K KUNDAN
a 1
 a(–1)2 + (–1) – 3 = 0
 a = 4 1
 4x2 + x – 3 = 0 k >
2
Let other root of this equation be . k > 1
3 3 Hence, the least value of k in the given answers is 4.
–1 ×  =   =
4 4 92. b; Here,  +  = 6 and  = 6
 ( + )2 = 62
86. b; Since, the roots of the equation (a2 + b 2)x 2 –2(ac +
 2 + 2 + 2 = 36
bd)x + (c2 + d2) = 0 are equal.
 2 + 2 = 36 – 2 (6) = 24
 b2 = 4ac
(3 + 3) + (2 + 2) + ( + )
4(ac + bd)2 = 4(a2 + b2)(c2 + d2)
= ( + ) (2 + 2 – ) + (2 + 2) + ( + )
 a2c2 + b2d2 + 2abcd = a2c2 + a2d2 + b2c2 + b2d2
= 6 (24 – 6) + (24) + (6)
 (ad – bc)2 = 0
= 6(18) + 30 = 108 + 30 = 138
 ad = bc
93. a; Let the roots of the equation a2b2x2 – (a2 + b2)x + 1
x x 3 3 = 0 be  and .
87. a; Given, – = 
x 3 x 2 a 2  b2 1
 +  = and =
a 2b 2 a 2b 2
x 1 3
Let y = , then y  y   2
x 3 Now,  –  = (  )2  4
2
 2y – 2 = –3y
2y2 + 3y – 2 = 0 2
 a 2  b2 
2y2 + 4y – y – 2 = 0
=    4
 2y(y + 2) – 1(y + 2) = 0  a 2b 2  a 2b 2
 
 (2y – 1)(y + 2) = 0
1 (a 2  b 2 )2 a 2  b2
Either (2y – 1) = 0  y  
2  –  = 2 2 2
(a b ) a 2b 2
x 1
  1 1
x 3 4 On solving, we get  = and  =
b2 a2
 4x = x + 3  x = 1 94. b; Given, 2x2 + 3x + c = 0
344 SSC Advanced Maths
Put x = 0.5, we get, 98. c; Given equation is x2 – 4x + 1 = 0
2(0.5)2 + 3(0.5) + c = 0
 0.5 + 1.5 + c = 0 4  16  4  1  1
 x 
 c = –2 2 1
95. d; a and c have the same sign opposite to that of b. 42 3
= = 2  3
96. d; The equation will have equal roots, if 2
b2 – 4ac = 0
(2nc)2 – 4(1 + n2)(c2 – a2) = 0 When x = 2 + 3 , then
4n2c2 – 4(c2 + n2c2 – a2 – n2a2) = 0 3
 –4c2 + 4a2 + 4n2a2 = 0 1  1 
 c2 = a2(1 + n2)
x3 
x3 
= 2 3 
3
+  

2 3 
97. d; Let the roots of the equation x 2 – 2x + 4 = 0 be
= (2 + 3 )3 + (2 – 3 )3
 and 
Then,  +  = 2 and  = 4 = 23 + ( 3 )3 + 3 × 2 × 3 (2 + 3 ) + (2)3
Taking  as 2 and  as 2 we have,
2 + 2 = 4 – ( 3 )3 – 3 × 2 × 3 (2 – 3)
and 2 × 2 = +4 × 4 = +16 = 8 + 18 + 8 + 18 = 52
Therefore, the new equation becomes
3 1
x2 – 4x + 16 = 0 Similarly, when x = 2 – 3 , then x  = 52
x3

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