402
Chapter-23
Time and Work
Introduction
In most of the problems based on Time and Work,
either the amount of time taken to finish a given
job or the amount of work done is to be calculated.
Unless otherwise specified, the amount of work
done is generally taken as unity (1). Also if it is
given that a person (P) can finish a job in D days,
then it implies that P alone can do the job in D
days.
Important Points to Remember
( i ) Capacity of persons to do a piece of work is
always constant. That is, the person does
the equal work every day.
( i i) In the question based on ‘Time and Work’,
generally we find amount of work done in
unit time (1 day, 1 hour etc). Thus, if a
K KUNDAN
man can do a piece of work in x days (or
hours or any other unit of time), then the
1
work done by him in one day will be  
x 
of the total work.
( i ii ) If A is twice as good as a workman as B,
then A will take half the time B takes to
finish a piece of work.
( iv) Application of the Concept of Unitary
Method and Variation: Since in problems
Solved Examples
Ex. 1: Amit can do a piece of work in 4 days
and Sumit can do it in 6 days. How
long will they take, if both Amit and
Sumit work together?
Soln: We have, time taken by Amit to do the
work = 4 days
Time taken by Sumit to do the work
= 6 days.
1
 Work done by Amit in 1 day =
4 plough the same field. In how many
1
Work done by Sumit in 1 day =
6 to plough the field together
Concept of Arithmetic
on Time and Work, there is a proportional
relation, hence we solve them by Unitary
Method and Ratio and Proportion (Also see
the Chapter 11 and 12).
(v) If to finish a certain piece of work, some
men are employed and they finish the work
in a certain time, then the relation between
work, man and time will be as follows:
(a) Work and Man: Number of persons
employed to do the work is directly
proportional to the amount of work
done. (More t he number of per sons
employed, more the work done).
(b) Time and Work: The number of days
is directly proportional to work done.
(More the number of days for which a
work was done, more shall be the total
amount of work done).
(c) Time and Man: The number of persons
employed is inversely proportional to
the number of days required to finish a
work. (More the number of persons
employed, less will be the time required
to finish the work).
W e hav e alr eady discussed some pr oblems
related to Time and Wor k in Chapter 11 and
Chapter 12. Her e, we will discuss some more
questions related to Time and Work in greater
details to understand deeply.
So, work done by Amit and Sumit in 1 day
1 1 32 5
=    
 4 6   12  12
Hence, Amit and Sumit can do the piece
12 2
of work in days ie 2 days.
5 5
Ex. 2: Chhotu and Nitu together plough a field
in 4 days. Nitu alone takes 6 days to
days can Chhotu alone plough the field?
Soln: We have, time taken by Chhotu and Nitu
= 4 days
Time and Work 403

Time taken by Nitu to plough the field 1

= 6 days. B and C’s 1 day’s work =
15
1 1
 Chhotu and Nitu’s 1 day’s work = C and A’s 1 day’s work =
4 20
1 Adding, we get 2 (A + B + C)’s 1 day’s
Nitu’s 1 day’s work = wor k
6
1 1 1 5  4  3 12 1
Now, =     
Chhotu’s 1 day’s work 12 15 20 60 60 5
= (Chhotu’s and Nitu’s 1 days’ work) 1 1
– (Nitu’s 1 day’s work)  (A + B + C)’s 1 day’s work =  .
2  5 10
1 1 32 1 Thus, A, B and C together can finish the
=  = 
4 6 12 12 work in 10 days.
Hence, Chhotu can plough the field in 12 Now,
days. A’s 1 day’s work = (A, B and C’s 1 day’s
Ex. 3: Kami, Kavya and Kirti can together work) - (B and C’s 1 day’s work)
weave a car pet in 4 days. Kami by  1 1  32 1
her self can weav e t he sam e si zed =    
 10 15   30  30
carpet in 12 days and Kirti can do it in
10 days. How long will Kavya take to So, A alone can finish the work in 30
do the work by herself? days.
Soln: We have, Now, B’s 1 day’s work = (A, B and C’s 1
time taken by Kami, Kavya and Kirti to day’s work) – (A and C’s 1 day’s work)
weave the carpet = 4 days.  1 1   2 1 1
Time taken by Kami to weave the carpet = =    
 10 20   20  20
12 days
and, time taken by Kirti to weave the carpet So, B alone can finish the work in 20

K KUNDAN
= 10 days. days.
 Kami, Kavya and Kirti’s 1 day’s work C’s 1 day’s work = (A, B and C’s 1 day’s
work) - (A and B’s 1 day’s work)
1
=  1 1  65 1
4 =    
 10 12   60  60
1 So, C alone can finish the work in 60
Kami’s 1 day’s work = and, Kirti’s 1
12 days.
Alternative Method:
1 Let A, B and C alone can finish the work
day’s work =
10 in x, y and z days respectively.
Now,  Work done by them for 1 day will be
Kavya’s 1 day’s work 1
1 1
= (Kami, Kavya and Kirti’s 1 day’s , y and respectively.
wor k) - (Kami’s 1 day’s work) - x z
(Kirti’s 1 day’s work) Now, according to the question
1 1 1 15  5  6 4 1 1 1 1
      ..... (1)
= = x y 12
4 12 10 60 60 15
Hence Kavya can do the whole of the work 1 1 1
  ..... (2)
in 15 days. y z 15
Ex. 4: A and B can do a piece of work in 12
1 1 1
days, B and C in 15 days, C and A in   ..... (3)
20 days. In how many days will they z x 20
finish it together and separately? On adding (1), (2) and (3),
Soln: We have, We have
A and B can finish the work in 12 days. 1 1 1 1 1 1
B and C can finish the work in 15 days. 2     =  
C and A can finish the work in 20 days. x y z  12 15 20
543 1
1 = 
 A and B’s 1 day’s work = 20 5
12
404 Concept of Arithmetic

the work in 10 days, find for how many

1 1 1 1
 x  y  z  10 .... (4) days B worked?
1
Now, on subtracting equations (1), (2) and Soln: A’s 1 day’s work =
(3) from the equation (4), we have 20

1 1 1 65 1 1
    B’s 1 day’s work =
z 10 12  60  60 30
 z = 60 (A + B)’s 1 day’s work

1 1 1 32 1 1 1 32 5 1
    =    
x 10 15  30  30 20 30 60 60 12
 x = 30 1 1
A’s 10 days’ work =  10 
1 1 1 1 20 2
  
y 10 20 20 Remaining work done by (A + B)
 y = 20 1 1
 A, B and C can finish the work in 30 = 1 
2 2
days, 20 days and 60 days respectively.
And from equation (4), A, B and C together 1
Now of the work is done by (A + B) in
can finish the work in 10 days. 12
Ex. 5: A can do a piece of work in 25 days 1 day.
and B can finish it in 20 days. They
work together for 5 days and then A 1
 of the work is done by (A + B) in 1 ×
goes away. In how many days will B 2
finish the remaining work?
Soln: We have, 1
12 × = 6 days.
A can finish the work in 25 days. 2

K KUNDAN
B can finish the work in 20 days. Hence, B worked for 6 days.
1 Ex. 7: A can do a piece of work in 36 days, B
 A’s 1 day’s work = in 54 days and C in 72 days. All the
25 three began the work together but A
1 left 8 days and B 12 days before the
B’s 1 day’s work = com pl et ion of t he wor k. How m any
20
days in all did C put in till the entire
So, (A + B)’s 1 day’s work work was finished?
 1 1  45 9 1
=    
 25 20   100  100 Soln: A’s one day’s work = ,
36
 9  9 1
 (A + B)’s 5 day’s work =  5   B’s one day’s work = and
 100  20 54
 9  11 1
Remaining work = 1   C’s one day’s work =
 20  20 72
The remaining work is done by B. Now suppose the work lasts for x days.
Now,
x 8
the whole work is done by B in 20 days. A’s (x – 8) days’ work = ,
36
11
 of t he wor k is done by B in x  12
20
B’s (x – 12) days’ work = and
54
 11 
 20   days = 11 days. x
 20 
C’s x days’ work =
Hence, the remaining work is done by B 72
in 11 days. x  8 x  12 x
Ex. 6: A and B can separately do a piece of Hence,   1
work in 20 and 30 days respectively. 36 54 72
They work together for some days and Where 1 denotes total work
then B stops. If A completes the rest of Multiplying both sides by 216, we have
Time and Work 405

6x – 48 + 4x – 48 + 3x = 216 Soln: We have, length of the platform = 600 m

or, 13x = 216 + 96
2  2
or, 13x = 312  rd of the platform =  600   m
or, x = 24 3  3
Hence, C worked for 24 days. = 400 m
Ex. 8: A and B can do a piece of work in 12
1
days. B and C together do it in 15 days. Now, in 2 hours, Somari sweeps 600
If A is twice as good a workman as C, 2
find in what time B will alone do it? m.
Soln: According to the question, A and B can  in 1 hour, Somari sweeps
do a piece of work in 12 days.
   
1  600   600  2
 (A + B)’s 1 day’s work =  m    m   600   = 240 m
12  21   5   5
   
 2   2 
1
or, A + B = .... (i)
12 1
Again B and C can complete the work in In 1 hours, Imarati sweeps 400 m.
2
15 days.
 In 1 hour, Imarati sweeps
1
 B+ C= ..... (ii)    
15  400   400  2
Subtracting (ii) from (i), we have,  m  m   400   m
 11   3   3
1 1 54 1    
    2   2 
A – C =
12 15 60 60
2
1 = 266 m
or, A – C = .... (iii) 3
60
Clearly, Imarati sweeps more length in 1

K KUNDAN
Also according to the question, A is twice hour than Somari sweeps in the same
as good a workman as C. time.
 A = 2C Hence, Imarati sweeps more speedily than
Substituting the value of A in (iii), Somari.
1 Ex. 10: A and B together can do a piece of work
2C – C = in 12 days which B and C together can
60
do in 16 days. After A has been working
1 at it for 5 days and B for 7 days, C
or, C = finishes it in 13 days. In how many days
60
could each do the work by himself?
Substituting the value of C in (ii), Soln: Let the whole work be 1.
1 1 1
B+ = A and B in 1 day do of the work.
60 15 12
1 1 4 1 3 1
or, B =     1
15 60 60 60 20 B and C in 1 day do of the work.
16
1 A’s 5 days’ work + B’s 7 days’ work + C’s
or, B’s 1 day’s work = . 13 days’ work = 1.
20
or, A’s 5 days’ work + B’s 5 days’ work +
Hence, B can complete the work in 20
B’s 2 day’s work + C’s 2 days’ work + C’s
days.
11 days’ work = 1
Ex. 9: Somar i sweeps 600 m long railway
1 5 2
plat for m in 2 hour s. Hi s wi fe   + C’s 11 days’ work = 1.
2 12 16
2  5 2  11
I mar ati sweeps
3
r d of the sam e  C’s 11 days’ work = 1     .
 12 16  24
1
platform in 1 hours. Who sweeps 1
2  C’s 1 day’s work =
more speedily? 24
406 Concept of Arithmetic

Now, on subtracting equation (ii) from

1 1 1
 B’s 1 day’s work =   equation (i),
16 24 48
4 1
1 1 1 
  y 10
 A’s 1 day’s work = .
12 48 16
 y = 4 × 10 = 40 days
 A, B and C can do the work in 16, 48 On putting the value of y in equation (ii)
and 24 days respectively. and (iii), we have,
Ex. 11: To do a certain piece of work B would
take three times as long as A and C 1 1 3
  0
together and C twice as long as A and x z 40
B together. The three m en by t heir
united exertions can complete the work 1 1 3
or,   .... (iv)
in 10 days. How long would each take x z 40
by himself?
Soln: According to the question, 3 times B’s daily 1 1 2
and   0
work = (A + C)’s daily work. x 40 z
Add B’s daily work to both sides.
2 1 1
 4 times B’s daily work or,   .... (v)
z x 40
1
= (A + B + C)’s daily work = Now, on adding equations (iv) and (v), we
10 have
1 1 2 3 1
 B’s daily work = .... (1)   
40 z z 40 40
Also, 2 times C’s daily work = (A + B)’s
3 1
daily work. or, 
Add C’s daily work to both sides. z 10
 3 times C’s daily work = (A + B + C)’s  z = 30 days

K KUNDAN
Now, on putting the value of z in equation
1
daily work = . (v), we have
10
2 1 1
 
1 30 x 40
 C’s daily work = .... (2)
30
1  1 1  83 1
Now A’s daily work  x   15  40    120   24
1  1 1  1
=    .... (3)  x = 24 days
10  40 30  24 Hence A, B and C can do the work in 24,
 A, B and C can do the work in 24, 40 40 and 30 days respectively.
and 30 days respectively. Ex. 12: A and B can finish a piece of work in
Alternative Method: 15 days. A and C can take 2 days more
Let A, B and C separately do the work in than B and C take to finish the same
x, y and z days respectively. piece of work. The three together can
finish the work in 8 days. In how many
1 1
Hence their 1 day’s work will be , y days coul d each do t he wor k by
x himself?
Soln: Let A, B and C separately can finish the
1
and respectively. work in x, y and z days respectively.
z Again, suppose that B and C together can
Now, according to the question, finish that work in a days.
Hence, A and C together will finish the
1 1 1 1
   ..... (i) work in (a + 2) days.
x y z 10 Now, according to the question,
1 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 1
  or, x  z  y  0 .... (ii)   .... (i)
x z y x y 15

1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1
  or, x  y  z  0 .... (iii)   .... (ii)
x y z y z a
Time and Work 407

Ex. 13: Mohan and Sohan working separately

1 1 1
  .... (iii) and can dig a trench in 10 days and 12 days
x z a 2 respectively. If they are working for 1
1 1 1 1 day alternately, Mohan beginning, in
   how many days will the trench be dug?
x y z 8 .... (iv)
1
On subtracting (i) from (iv), we have Soln: Mohan’s 1 day’s work =
10
1 1 1 7
   1
z 8 15 120 Sohan’s 1 day’s work =
12
120 (Mohan and Sohan)’s 10 days’ working
 z = days
7
1 1 11
Now, on putting the value of z in equations alternately = 5  5 
(ii) and (iii), we have, 10 12 12

1 7 1 11 1
  Remaining work = 1  
y 120 a 12 12

1 1 7 1
or, y  a  120 .... (v) Now of work done by Mohan in 1 day.
10

1 7 1
1
   of the work done by Mohan in 1 ×
x 120 a  2 12

1 1 7 1 5
or,   .... (vi) 10 × days = days
x a  2 120 12 6
Hence, trench will be dug in
1 1
5

K KUNDAN
On putting the value of and y in  5
x = 10   days = 10 days.
 6 6
equation (i), we have
Ex. 14: Two women, Gangi and Jamni, working
1 7 1 7 1 separately can mow a field in 8 and 12
   
a  2 120 a 120 15 hours respectively. If they work for an
hour alternately, Gangi beginning at 9
1 1 1 7 7 am, when will the mowing be finished?
or,    
a  2 a 15 120 120
1
Soln: In the first hour Gangi mows of the
2a  2 11 8
or, a (a  2)  60 field.
or, 120a + 120 = 11a2 + 22a 1
or, 11a2 – 98a – 120 = 0 In the second hour Jamni mows of
12
or, 11a2 – 110a + 12a – 120 = 0
the field.
or, 11a (a – 10) + 12 (a – 10) = 0
or, (a – 10) (11a + 12) = 0 1 1  5
 a = 10  In the first 2 hours    or of
 8 12  24
Now, on putting the value of a in equation
the field is mown.
(v) and (vi), we have,
1 1 7 5 1 5 5
     In 8 hours  4 or of the field is
y 10 120 120 24 24 6
 y = 24 mown.
1 1 7 3 1  5 1
    Now 1    of the field remains to be
x 12 120 120 40  6 6
or, x = 40 mown.
Hence, A, B and C separately can finish
1
120 In the 9th hour Gangi mows of the
t he wor k in 40, 24 and days 8
7
respectively. field.
408 Concept of Arithmetic

1 1 or, Spinning 1 hour daily, Kanta can spin

Jamni will finish the mowing of    1 kg cotton-balls in 6 × 3 = 18 days
6 8
or, Spinning 1 hour daily, Kanta can spin
1  1 1  1 10 kg cotton-balls in (18 × 10) = 180 days
or, of the field in    or of
24  24 12  2 or, Spinning 4 hours daily, Kanta can spin
an hour. 180
1 10 kg cotton-balls in days = 45 days
 4
 The total time required is  8  1   or
 2 Alternative Method:
1 Here there are three quantities: Hours, Kg
9 hours. and Days. We have to find the number of
2 days, hence days should be in the last
Since, the work was started at 9 am, it column as given below:
1
would be finished at 6 pm.
2
Ex. 15: A is thrice as good a workman as B,
and is therefore able to finish a piece Following relationship exists:
of work in 60 days less than B. Find (i) More hours , l es s number of days
the time in which they can do it working (Inverse)
together. (ii) More kgs, more number of days (Direct)
Soln: ‘A is thrice as good a workman as B’ means Hence,
that if A does a piece of work in 1 day 4 : 3
:: 12 : x
then B does it in 3 days. Hence if the 2:10 
difference be 2 days, then A does the work
in 1 day and B in 3 days. But here the or, 4 × 2 : 3 × 10 :: 12 : x
difference is 60 days. Therefore A does (Compounding the ratios)
the work in 30 days and B in 90 days. or, 4 × 2 × x = 3 × 10 × 12
Now (A + B)’s 1 day’s work (  Product of extreme terms = Product of

K KUNDAN
mean terms)
1 1 2
=   . 3  10  12
30 90 45 x= = 45 days
4 2
45 1 [Note: To understand the above process,
 the required time is or 22 days.
2 2 please refer to the Chapter 12 (Ratio and
Ex. 16: A certain number of men can do a work Proportion)].
in 60 days. If there were 8 men more it Ex. 18: If 3 men or 4 women can reap a field in
could be finished in 10 days less. How 43 days, how long will 7 men and 5
many men are there? women take to reap it?
Soln: The original number of men together with Soln: 3 men or 4 women means 3 men’s work =
8 men more can finish the work in (60 – 4 women’s work.
10 =) 50 days. 1
Now 8 men can do in 50 days what the 3 men reap of the field in 1 day.
original number of men can do in 10 days. 43
 In 50 days, a work is done by 8 men. 1
 In 1 day, a work is done by (8 × 50)  1 man reaps of the field in 1 day.
129
men.
.... (1)
 8  50 
 In 10 days, a work is done by  
 10  1
4 women reap of the field in 1 day.
40 men. 43
Ex. 17: Spinning 3 hours daily, Kanta can spin
2 kg cotton-balls in 12 days. Spinning 1
 1 women reaps of the field in 1
4 hours daily, how many days will she 172
take to spin 10 kg cotton balls? day. ..... (2)
Soln: Spinning 3 hours daily, Kanta can spin 2  7 men and 5 women reap
kg cotton-balls in 12 days.
 Spinning 3 hours daily, Kanta can spin  7 5  1
   of the field in 1 day.
 129 172  12
 12 
1 kg cotton-balls in   = 6 days.  7 men and 5 women will reap the whole
 2  field in 12 days.
Time and Work 409

Alaternative Method: or, x2 - 12x - 2x + 24 = 0

3 men = 4 women or, (x - 12) (x - 2) = 0
or, x = 12 or x = 2
4
 1 man = women But x cannot be less t han 6. So,
3 x = 12.
4  28 Hence, B alone can finish the work in 12
 7 men =   7   women. days.
3  3
Ex. 20: If 12 men and 16 boys can do a piece of
 28  43
 7 men + 5 women =   5  work in 5 days and 13 men and 24 boys
 3  3 can do it in 4 days, compare the daily
women. work done by a man with that done by
The question now becomes a boy.
‘If 4 women can reap a field in 43 days, Soln: 12 men and 16 boys can do the work in 5
43 days .... (1)
how long will women take to reap it?’ 13 men and 24 boys can do the work in 4
3
days .... (2)
Here, there are two quantities: Women and Now it is easy to see that if the number of
Days. workers be multiplied by any number, the
Inver se r elat ionship exist s bet ween time must be divided by the same number.
women and days ie more women, less days. Hence multiplying the number of workers
in (1) and (2) by 5 and 4 respectively, we
get
60 men and 80 boys can do the work in 1
day.
52 men and 96 boys can do the work in 1
43
Hence, : 4 :: 43 : x day.
3  60 men + 80 boys = 52 men + 96 boys
43  60 men - 52 men = 96 boys - 80 boys
or, × x = 43 × 4  8 men = 16 boys

K KUNDAN
3
 1 man = 2 boys.
(  Product of extreme terms = Product of
mean terms) a man' s work 2
 a boy' s work  1
4  43  3
 x = = 12 days. Ex. 21: If 12 men and 16 boys can do a piece of
43
work in 5 days and 13 men and 24 boys
Ex. 19: A takes 6 days less than the time taken
can do it in 4 days, how long will 7
by B to finish a piece of work. If both A
men and 10 boys take to do it?
and B together can finish it in 4 days,
Soln: We have, as in the above example,
find the time taken by B to finish the
5 × (12 men + 16 boys)
work.
= 4 × (13 men + 24 boys)
Soln: Suppose B alone takes x days to finish
 60 men + 80 boys = 52 men + 96 boys.
the work. Then, A alone can finish it in
 8 men = 16 boys
(x - 6) days.
 1 man = 2 boys.
Now, (A’s one day’s work) + (B’s one day’s
Now,
1 1  12 men + 16 boys = 24 boys + 16 boys
work) =    = 40 boys.
x x  6
7 men + 10 boys = 14 boys + 10 boys
1 = 24 boys.
and, (A + B)’s one day’s work = . The question now becomes
4
“If 40 boys can do a piece of work in 5
1 1 1 days how long will 24 boys take to do it?”
  
x x 6 4 40 boys do a piece of work in 5 days.
 1 boy does a piece of work in 5 × 40
x 6x 1
or,  days.
x ( x  6) 4
5  40
2x  6 1  24 boys do the piece of work in
or,  24
x 2  6x 4
or, 8x - 24 = x2 - 6x 1
days ie 8 days.
or, x2 - 14x + 24 = 0 3
410 Concept of Arithmetic

Ex. 22: If 5 men and 3 boys can reap 23 hectares

 3 1
in 4 days and if 3 men and 2 boys can Hence all men must work till 1   
reap 7 hectares in 2 days, how many  4  4
boys must assist 7 men in order that of the field is reaped.
they may reap 45 hectares in 6 days.
1  20 
Soln: 5 men + 3 boys can reap 23 hectares in 4 Now 25 men reap of the field in  
days. ..... (1) 4  4 
3 men + 2 boys can reap 7 hectares in 2 5 days.
days. ..... (2) Hence, 15 men should leave the work after
 from (1), 5 days.
14 (5 men + 3 boys) can reap 23 × 14 Ex. 24: 8 men and 12 boys can finish a piece of
hectares in 4 days .... (3) work in 10 days while 6 men and 8
From (2), boys can finish it in 14 days. Find the
23 (3 men + 2 boys) can reap 7 × 2 × 23 time taken by one man alone and that
hectares in 4 days ..... (4) by one boy alone to finish the work.
 14 (5 men + 3 boys) Soln: Suppose that one man alone can finish
= 23 (3 men + 2 boys), the work in x days and one boy alone can
 70 men + 42 boys = 69 men + 46 boys. finish it in y days. Then,
 1 man = 4 boys.
1
Now 5 men + 3 boys = 23 boys. One man’s one day’s work =
 23 boys can reap 23 hectares in 4 days x
 1 boy can reap 1 hectare in 4 days 1
 4 boys can reap 1 hectare in 1 day and, one boy’s one day’s work = y
 4 × 45 boys can reap 45 hectares in 1
day
8
4  45  8 men’s one day’s work =
x
 boys can reap 45 hectares in 6
6
12
days.

K KUNDAN
and, 12 boys’ one day’s work = y
 30 boys can reap 45 hectares in 6 days
But 30 boys = 28 boys + 2 boys Since 8 men and 12 boys can finish
= 7 men + 2 boys the work in 10 days.
Hence 2 boys must assist 7 men.
Ex. 23: 25 men can reap a field in 20 days.  8 12 
 10   1
When should 15 men leave the work, if x y 
1 80 120
the whole field is to be reaped in 37  1
2 or, x y .... (i)
days after they leave the work?
Soln: 25 men can reap the field in 20 days. Again, 6 men and 8 boys can finish
the work in 14 days.
 20  25 
 10 men can reap the field in   6 8
 10   14    1
50 days. x y
When 15 men leave the work, 10 men 84 112
remain. or,  1 .... (ii)
x y
 In 50 days, 10 men can reap the whole
of the field. 1
1
1 Putting = u and y = v in (i) and (ii),
x
 In 1 day, 10 men can reap of the
50 we get
whole of the field. 80u + 120v – 1 = 0
1 84u + 112v – 1 = 0
 In 37 days, 10 men can reap By cross-multiplication, we have
2
u v
 1  
 37   120  112  80  84
 2   3 of the field.
 50  4 1
  
  80  112  120  84
Time and Work 411

Height and man: Less height, less men

u v 1
or,   (Direct)
 8  4  1120 Days and man: Less days , more men
(Inverse)
8 1
or, u =  and Hence,
 1120 140
4 1
v= 
 1120 280

1 1 1
Now, = u    x = 140
x x 140 6 : 9
1 1 1 18 : 32

and, y = v  y  280  y = 280. 2 : 3 :: 8 : x
12 : 9
Thus, one man alone can finish the work 
8 :10 
in 140 days and one boy alone can finish
the work in 280 days. or, 6 × 18 × 2 × 12 × 8 :
Note: Let a 1x + b 1 y + c 1 = 0 and 9 × 32 × 3 × 9 × 10 :: 8 : x
a 2 x + b 2y + c 2 = 0 be a system of (Compounding the ratios)
simultaneous linear equations in two or, 6 × 18 × 2 × 12 × 8 × x
= 9 × 32 × 3 × 9 × 10 × 8
a1 b1
variables x and y such that a  b ie (  Product of extreme terms = Product of
2 2 mean terms)
a1b2  a2b1  0 . Then the system has a 9  32  3  9  10  8
 x= = 30
unique solution given by 6  18  2  12  8
 required number of men = 30 men
 b1c 2  b2c1   c1a 2  c 2a1 
x =  a b  a b  and y =  a b  a b  Ex. 26: A garrison of 3300 men had provisions

K KUNDAN
 1 2 2 1  1 2 2 1 for 32 days, when given at the rate of
The above solution is generally written 850 grams per head. At the end of 7
as days a reinforcement arrives and it
x y z was found that now the provisions will
  last for 17 days more, when given at
b1c 2  b2c1 c1a 2  c 2a1 a1b2  a 2b1 the rate of 825 gm per head. What is
x y z the strength of the reinforcement?
or, b c  b c  a c  a c  a b  a b Soln: Let the strength of reinforcement be x.
1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1
According to the given condition,
For mor e det ails see the chapter 3300 × 32 × 850 = 3300 × 850 × 7 + (3300
“Elementary Algebra”. + x) × 825 × 17
Ex. 25: If 8 men, working 9 hours per day can or, (3300 × 32 × 850) - (3300 × 850 × 7) =
build a wall 18 metres long, 2 metres (3300 + x) × 825 × 17
wide and 12 metres high in 10 days, or, 3300 × 25×850 = (3300+x) × 825×17
how many men will be required to build or, 3300 × 50 = (3300 + x) × 33
a wall 32 metres long, 3 metres wide or, 5000 = 3300 + x
and 9 metres high by working 6 hours or, x = 1700
a day in 8 days? So, the strength of new reinforcement
Soln: Here following are the quantities: Hours, = 1700
length, width, height, days and men. We Ex. 27: A and B together can do a job in 12
have to find the number of men. Hence, hours. Had A done half the job and
men should be in the last column as given then B, the remaining half, the whole
below. Relationships of different quantities job would have been carried out in 25
given in the question with man are given hours. How much time would it take
below. for A and B separately to do the job, if
Hours and man: Less hours, more men A is a better worker?
(Inverse) Soln: Suppose A takes x hours and B takes y
Length and man: More length, more men hours to do the job.
(Direct)
Width and man: More width, more men 1 1 1
Then, x  y  12
(Direct)
412 Concept of Arithmetic

x y 1 Ther efore, if addit ional men were not

or,  ........ (1) employed, the work would have lasted (45
xy 12
– 40 =) 5 days behind the schedule time.
1 1 Ex. 29: If 9 men or 12 women or 18 boys can
And x  y = 25
2 2 do a piece of work in 20 days working
or, x + y = 50 ....... (2) 9 hours a day, then working 10 hours
Solve for x and y a day in how many days will 3 men, 2
12 (x + y) = xy women and 3 boys together do twice
or, 500 = xy the work?
Soln:  9 men = 18 boys
600
or, x +  50 18
x  1 man = = 2 boys
9
or x2 - 50x + 600 = 0
or (x - 30) (x - 20) = 0 Again, 12 women = 18 boys
 x = 30 or 20  18 
As A is a better worker, hence A and B  2 women =   2  = 3 boys
 12 
take 20 hours and 30 hours respectively.
Ex. 28: A builder decided to build a farmhouse  3 men + 2 women + 3 boys
in 40 days. He employed 100 men in = 6 + 3 + 3 = 12 boys
the beginning and 100 more after 35 Her e, t here are f our quant ities: Boys,
days and completed the construction Work, Hours and Days. And we have to
i n st ipul at ed t i m e. I f he had not find number of days, hence it should be
empl oyed the addi ti onal m en, how last in the column.
many days behind the schedule would
it have been finished?
Soln: Let only 100 men complete the work in x
days. The above arrangement is based on the
Work done by 100 men in 35 days + Work following relationships:

K KUNDAN
done by 200 men in (40 - 35 =) 5 days = 1 Less boys, more days (Inverse)
Case I: Work done by 100 men in 35 days. More work, more days (Direct)
 100 men, in x days, do the whole of More hours, less days (Inverse)
the work.
 12 :18 
 35  
 100 men, in 35 days, do the   of 1: 2 :: 20 : x
 x 
10 : 9
the work.
Case II: Work done by 200 men in 5 days. or, 12 × 1 × 10 : 18 × 2 × 9 :: 20 : x
 100 men, in x days, do the whole of (Compounding the ratios)
the work. or, 12 × 1 × 10 × x = 18 × 2 × 9 × 20
1 (  Product of extreme terms = Product of
 100 men, in 1 day, do the of the mean terms)
x
work. 18  2  9  20
 x = = 54 days.
1 12  1  10
 1 man, in 1 day, do the of the
100x Ex. 30: 9 men and 3 boys together can do a
work. piece of work in 7 days and 12 men
and 5 boys together can do the same
 200 
 200 men, in 1 day, do the   of piece of work in 5 days. How many boys
 100 x  together with 6 men will finish twice
the work. the work in 21 days?
 200  5  Soln:  In 7 days a piece of work is done by (9
 200 men, in 5 days, do the   of
 100 x  men + 3 boys)
the work.  In 1 day a piece of work is done by 7(9
men + 3 boys)
35 200  5
or,  1  In 5 days the same piece of work is
x 100 x
done by (12 men + 5 boys)
45  In 1 day the same piece of work is done
or, 1 by 5(12 men + 5 boys)
x
 7(9 men + 3 boys) = 5(12 men + 5 boys)
 x = 45 days.
Time and Work 413

or, 63 men + 21 boys = 60 men + 25 boys or, 60 + 15x – 60 + 10x – 20 = 180

or, 63 men – 60 men = 25 boys – 21 boys or, 25x = 200
or, 3 men = 4 boys
200
 9 men + 3 boys = (12 + 3 =) 15 boys  x = = 8 days
Here, there are three quantities: Work, 25
Days and Boys. W e hav e t o find t he Ex. 32: A, B and C can do a pi ece of work
number of boys, hence it should be in the together in 10 days. They worked at it
last column in the following arrangement: together for three days, and then A left.
B and C worked together for next two
days and then B left. C completed the
3
Abov e ar r angement is based on t he remaining of the work in 36 days.
5
following relationships: How m any days would each take
More work, more boys (Direct) separately to finish the work?
More days, less boys (Inverse)
3
 1: 2
:: 15 : x
Soln:  C completes 5 of the work in 36 days.
21: 7 
 C completes the whole of the work in
or, 1 × 21 : 2 × 7 :: 15 : x
(Compounding the ratios)  36  5 
   60 days
or, 1 × 21 × x = 2 × 7 × 15  3 
(  Product of extreme terms = Product of  (A + B + C) working for 3 days.
mean terms)
2  7  15 3
 x = = 10 boys  (A + B + C) complete of the work in
1  21 10
Since, 6 men are already employed. 3 days.
Now, from the question, B and C work for
4 
Hence, 6 men =   6   8 boys.

K KUNDAN
3    3 3  1
2 days and complete 1      of
 required number of boys = (10 – 8)   5 10   10
= 2 boys the work.
Ex. 31: A can do a piece of work in 15 days, B  (B + C) can do the whole of the work in
in 12 days and C in 18 days. A began 20 days.
the work. After 2 days, B and C joined
the work. But due to illness, 3 days 1
 (B + C)’s 1 day’s work = and
after the joining of B, A left the job. 20
Again due to injury to B, he left the job
2 days before the completion of the 1
(A + B + C)’s 1 day’s work =
work. C completed the remaining work. 10
In how many days the whole work is
completed? 1 1 1
 A’s 1 day’s work =  
Soln: Let the work be completed in x days. 10 20 20
 A worked for (2 + 3 =) 5 days  A can complete the whole of the work
B worked for (x – 2 – 2 =) x – 4 days in 20 days.
C worked for (x – 2) days 1
and 1 day’s work of A, B and C  (B + C)’s 1 day’s work = 20 and
1 1 1
=
, and 1
15 12 18 C’s 1 day’s work =
 Work done by A, B and C 60
5 x 4 x 2  B’s 1 day’s work
=  
15 12 18 1 1 3 1 2 1
Now, according to the question, =    
20 60 60 60 30
5 x 4 x 2  B can do the same work in 30 days.
  1 Hence, A, B and C can take 20 days, 30
15 12 18
days and 60 days respectively to finish
(5  12)  15 (x  4)  10 (x  2) the work.
or, 1
180
414 Concept of Arithmetic

Ex. 33: A started a work and left after working Now,

for 2 days. Then B was called and he [(A + B) + (B + C) + (A + C)]’s 1 day’s work
finished the work in 9 days. Had A left
1 1 1 456
the work after working for 3 days, B =   
would have finished the remaining work 30 24 20 120
in 6 days. In how many days can each
15 1
of t hem , worki ng alone, fi ni sh the = 
whole work? 120 8
Soln: Suppose A and B do the work in x and y 1
days respectively. Now, work done by A or, 2(A + B + C)’s 1 day’s work =
8
in 2 days + work done by B in 9 days = 1
2 9 or, (A + B + C)’s 1 day’s work
or, x  y  1 1 1
= 
8  2 16
3 6
Similarly, x  y  1  (A + B + C) can do the piece of work in
16 days.
To solve t he abov e equation put They all work together for 10 days.
1 1 10
= u and y = v. Hence (A + B + C)’s 10 days’ work =
x 16
Thus 2u + 9v = 1 ...... (1)
 10  6
and 3u + 6v = 1 ...... (2)  Remaining work = 1  
Performing (2) × 3 - (1) × 2 we have  16  16
5u = 1
 6 
1 Remaining work   is done by A as B
u =  16 
5
and C leave the work.
1 1

K KUNDAN
or, x = = 5 days.  (A + B + C)’s 1 day’s work = 16
u
1 1
Now putting the value of u = in equation (B + C)’s 1 day’s work =
5 24
(i), we have
 A’s 1 day’s work
1
2 × + 9v = 1  1 1  32 1
5 =    
 16 24   48  48
 2 3
or, 9v = 1     A can do the whole of the work in 48
 5 5 days.
3 1 1 6  48  6 
v=   
5 9 15  A can do of the work in 
16  16 
1 18 days.
and y = = 15 days. Ex. 35: A can do a piece work in 120 days and
v
B can do it in 150 days. They work
Ex. 34: A and B can do a piece of work in 30
together for 20 days. Then B leaves and
days while B and C can do the same
A continues the work alone, 12 days
work in 24 days and C and A in 20
after that C joins A and the work is
days. They all work for 10 days when
com plet ed in 48 days more. In how
B and C leave. How many days more
many days can C do i t if he wor ks
will A take to finish the work?
alone?
Soln:  (A + B) can do a piece of work in 30 Soln: Let C take x days to complete the job.
days. A takes 120 days and B takes 150 days to
1 complete the same job.
 (A + B)’s 1 day’s work = Now, A works for (20 + 12 + 48 =) 80
30
days, B works for 20 days and C works
Similarly, (B + C)’s and (A + C)’s 1 day’s
for 48 days.
1 1 Again,
work = and respectively. A’s 80 days’ work + B’s 20 days’ work +
24 20
C’s 48 days’ work = 1
Time and Work 415

 A, B and C together complete the entire

80 20 48
or,   1 80
120 150 x work in days.
3
400 x  80 x  28800 Now,
or, 1
(600 ) x 1
(A + B)’s 1 day’s work =
or, 480x + 28800 = 600x 40
or, 120x = 28800 3
(A + B + C)’s 1 day’s work =
 28800  80
 x =   = 240  C’s 1 day’s work = (A + B + C)’s 1 day’s
 120 
work – (A + B)’s 1 day’s work
Hence C takes 240 days to complete the
work. 3 1 1
=  
Ex. 36: A and B could do a piece of work in 40 80 40 80
days. After working for 10 days they  C completes the job in 80 days.
are assi sted by C and t he wor k i s Again, according to the question,
finished in 20 days more. If C does as
1 1
much work in 2 days as B does in 3 C’s 2 days’ work = 2 
days, in how many days could each of 80 40
them do the same work alone? 1
Soln: A and B can do a piece of work in 40  B does 40 of the work in 3 days.
days.
They work together for 10 days.  B does whole of the work in
(40 × 3 =) 120 days.
10 1 A’s 1 day’s work
 (A + B)’s 10 days’ work = 
40 4 = (A + B + C)’s 1 day’s work – B’s 1
day’s work – C’s 1 day’s work
  1 3
 Remaining work = 1  4   4 of the 3

1

1
=

K KUNDAN
80 80 120
work.
Now A, B and C together complete the 9  (3  2) 4 1
=  
3 240 240 60
th of the work in 20 days.  A completes the job in 60 days.
4

Practice Exercise

1. A and B can polish the floors of a building in
1
25 days. A alone can do of this job in 15
3 days. How long will it take for A and C to do
days. In how many days can B alone polish
the floors of the building?
2. P can complete a peice of work in 15 days, Q is
50% more efficient than P. How long will P
and Q together take to complete the work?
3. Suneeta can embroider a saree in 15 days.
Her sister-in-law Abha can do the job in 10
days. They star t embr oidering t he saree
together, but two days later Abha gives up the
work and goes to her parents. In how many
days will Suneeta finish the remaining work
of embroidering the saree?
4. A and B can do a work in 45 and 40 days
respectively. They began the work together,
but A left after some time and B finished the
remaining work in 23 days. After how many
days did A leave?
5. A and B can do a piece of work in 12 days
and B and C can do it in 15 days. If all the
three work together, it can be finished in 10
it together?
6. A can do a piece of work in 10 days and B in
20 days. They work together but 2 days before
the completion of the work, A leaves. In how
many days was the work completed?
7. A can do a piece of work in 24 days, B in 36
days and C in 48 days. All the three began
the work together but after 4 days C left the
wor k. B lef t t he wor k 3 days bef or e the
completion of the work. In how many days
the whole work will be finished.
8. A can complete a job in 9 days, B can do the
same job in 10 days and C in 15 days. B and
C together started the work but had to leave
the work after 2 days. Find the number of
days in which A alone will be able to complete
the remaining job.
416
9. A can complete a work in 10 days, B in 12
days and C in 15 days. All of them began the
work together, but A had to leave the work
after 2 days of the start and B 3 days before
the completion of the work. How long did the
work last?
10. A and B can complete a piece of work in 8
days, B and C in 12 days and C and A in 15
days. In how many days can C alone complete
the work?
11. A certain number of persons can complete a
work in 100 days. If there were 10 persons
less, it would have taken 10 days more for
the work to be completed. How many persons
were in the beginning?
12. Hariram is thrice as good a workman as Kamal
and takes 10 days less than Kamal to complete
a piece of work. In how much time can Kamal
complete that work?
13. A is twice as good a workman as B and together
they can complete a piece of work in 14 days.
In how many days can it be done by A alone?
14. 10 persons begin to work together on a job
but after some days 4 persons leave. As a
r esult, t he job which could hav e been
completed in 40 days is completed in 50 days.
How many days after the commencement of
the work did the 4 persons leave?
15. A fort is provisioned for 32 days for some
K KUNDAN
soldiers. After 4 days, a reinforcement of 150
soldiers arrives and the food will last for 21
days only. How many soldiers were there in
the fort in the beginning?
16. A, B and C completes a piece of work in 25,
20 and 24 days respectively. All work together
for 2 days and then A and B leave the work.
3 days, then in how many days will 6 men and
C wor ks for next 8 days and t hen A
5 11 boys working together complete the same
alongwith D joins C and all finish the work
in next three days. In how many days D alone
can complete the whole work?
17. 64 persons can dig a trench 50 m long, 2 m
wide and 2 m deep in 5 days working 12
hours daily. In how many days, working 8
hours daily, will 80 persons dig anot her
trench 75 m long, 4 m wide and 3 m deep?
18. A contractor undertakes to build a house in 8
months. He plans to complete the work in
time with 210 men working 20 days in a
month at 6 hours a day. However, he manages
to get only 140 men and is allowed 12 months
to complete the work. If his men worked for
24 days a month, how many hours a day
should they work to complete the work?
19. 5 press compositors can set 600 pages of a
1 to complete the work in one day?
manuscript in 16 days of 10 hours each.
2 30.
Each page has 60 lines and each line has 40
Concept of Arithmetic
letters. In how many days of 8 hours each
will 10 compositor s set 1000 pages of a
manuscript, each page of 45 lines with 50
letters in each line?
2 0 . 75 boys do a piece of work in 24 days. How
many men will finish the double work in 20
days when one day work of 2 men is equal to
one day’s work of 3 boys?
21. If 38 men, working 6 hours a day, can do a
piece of work in 12 days find the number of
days in which 57 men, working 8 hours a
day, can do a piece of work twice as great,
supposing that 2 men of the first set do as
much work in one hour as 3 men of t he
1
second set do in 1 hours.
2
2 2 . A can do a piece of work in 30 days. B and C
together can do the same work in 20 days. A
2
and B worked together and completed of
3
the work in 12 days. How many days will be
required by C to complete the remaining work?
3
23. A does of a work in 12 days and finishes
10
the remaining work with the assistance of B
in 7 days. In how many days can B alone do
the whole work?
24. 15 persons working 8 hours a day can complete
a work in 21 days. How many days will 14
1
persons take to complete a work 1 times as
2
great, if they work 6 hours a day?
25. If 4 men or 6 boys complete a work in 20
wor k?
26. If 4 men or 8 boys complete a work in 15
days, then in how many days will 3 men and
4 boys working together complete thrice of
the work?
27. 1 man or 2 women or 3 boys complete a certain
work in 44 days. In how many days will 1
man, 1 woman and 1 boy working together
complete it?
28. If 8 men and 12 boys can finish a piece of
work in 12 days, in what time will 40 men
and 45 boys finish another piece of work 3
times as great supposing 16 men can do as
much work in 8 hours as 12 boys do in 24
hours?
29. A man, a woman and a boy can do a piece of
work in 3, 4 and 12 days respectively. How
many boys must assist one man and one woman
A can do a piece of work in 10 days, while B
can do the same in 30 days and C in 60 days.
Time and Work
If A is assisted by B and C respectively on
alternate days, find the number of days in
which the work will be finished.
31. If 3 men and 5 women do a piece of work in
8 days and 2 men and 7 children do the same
piece of work in 12 days, show that 10 women
can do as much work in a day as 21 children.
32. 2 men and 7 children together complete a job
in 16 days while 3 men and 8 childr en
complete it in 12 days. In how many days
will 8 men and 8 children working together
complete twice the job?
33. A and B could do a piece of work in 30 days.
After working for 10 days, they are assisted
by C and the work is finished in 10 days. If C
does as much work in 2 days as B does in 3
days, in how many days could A do the same
work alone?
34. It takes 8, 12 and 16 days for X, Y and Z
respectively to complete a work. How many
days will it take to complete the work if X
works on it for 2 days, then Y works on it for
until 25% of the work is left for Z to do, and
then Z completes the work?
35. A and B can do a work in 12 days while B
2
and C can do it in 6 days. After A had
3 45 days and employs 15 persons on it. At the
worked on it for 3 days and B for 4 days, C
K KUNDAN
finished the work in 7 days. In how many
days could each do the work separately?
36. A task can be completed by 3 men working
3
for a day, or by 8 women working for th of
4 of them working together complete the work
a day, or by 18 children working for half a
day. If 3 women and 3 children have already
been hired for a day, how many men should
be hir ed and for how many days f or t he
completion of the task?
37. A contractor estimated that one of his two
masons would take 9 hours to build a certain
Answers and explanations
1. It is given that A and B can polish the floors
of the building in 25 days.
1 25 45
Therefore, (A + B)’s 1 day’s work =
25
1 Hence, B alone can polish the floor in
Now, A alone can do of the work in 15
3
days.
 A alone can do t he complet e wor k in
(3 × 15) = 45 days.
1  100  50 
or, A’s 1 day’s work =
45
417
wall the other would take 10 hours. However,
he knew from experience that when t hey
worked together, 10 fewer bricks got laid per
hour. He put both the men on the job and
found that it takes exactly 5 hours to build
the wall. How much bricks did it contain?
38. A contractor undertook to finish a piece of
work in 150 days. He employed 20 men, 30
women and 75 children for it, but at the end
of 60 days, finding that one fourth of the work
was done, he dismissed all the women and
50 of the children and employed more men.
The work was then finished 5 days before
the stipulated time. Assuming that 3 men
could do as much work as 5 women and 2
women as much as 3 children, find the number
of additional men employed by the contractor.
39. A and B, working separately, can mow a field
in 12 and 15 hours respectively. They work
alternately, each for 1 hour, with A beginning
at 5 am. At what time will the mowing be
completed?
40. A and B together can do a piece of work in 12
days and B and C together in 15 days. If A is
twice as good a workman as C, in what time
will B alone do it?
41. A contractor undertakes to do a certain job in
end of 36 days the work is only half-done.
How many extr a persons should he now
employ to finish the work in time?
42. To do a certain piece of work, B takes four
times as long as A and C together and C takes
three times as long as A and B together. If all
in 12 days, how long would A alone take to
do the work?
43. A and B can complete a piece of work in 8
and 10 days respectively. However, they work
alternately, one day each, with A beginning
the work. In how much time will the work be
completed?
Now, B’s 1 day’s work = (A + B)’s 1 day’s work
1 1 95 4
– A’s 1 day’s work =   
225 225
225
4
1
days = 56 days.
4
3
2. Efficiency of Q =  P  P
 100  2
418 Concept of Arithmetic

 Time taken by Q to complete the work

23
2  Work done by B in 23 days =
 15 = 10 days 40
=
3 Now, according to the question,
1 85x 23
P’s 1 day’s work =  1
15 45  40 40
1 85x  23  45
Q’s 1 day’s work = or, 1
10 45  40
or, 85x + 23 × 45 = 45 × 40
1 1 23 1
 (P + Q)’s 1 day’s work =    or, 85x = 45 (40 – 23) = 45 × 17
15 10 30 6
45  17
 P and Q together will complete the work in x = = 9
6 days. 85
3. Suneeta can embroider a saree in 15 days.  required answer = 9 days.
Abha can embroider a saree in 10 days
1
1 5. Work done by A and B in 1 day =
12
 Suneeta’s 1 day’s work =
15
1
1 Work done by B and C in 1 day =
15
Abha’s 1 day’s work =
10
1
 (Suneeta + Abha)’s 1 day’s work Work done by A, B and C in 1 day =
10
 1 1  23 5 1
=      1
 15 10   30  30 6  Work done by 2A, 2B and 2C in 1 day =
or, (Suneeta + Abha)’s 2 days’ work 5
Work done by A + 2B + C in 1 day
 1 1

K KUNDAN
= 2    1 1 3
 6 3 =  
12 15 20
1 2  Work done by A and C in 1 day
 Remaining work = 1  
3 3
1 3 1
Now, = 
5 20 20
Suneeta completes the work in 15 days
 A and C together can do it in 20 days.
2 6. Suppose the work is finished in x days.
 Suneet a complet es of t he wor k in
3
x 2 x
Then,  1
 2 10 20
15   days = 10 days.
 3 [  A works for (x – 2) days.]
Hence, Suneet a will finish t he r emaining 2x  4  x
work of embroidering in 10 days. or, 1
20
4. A alone can do the work in 45 days.
B alone can do the work in 40 days. or, 3x – 4 = 20
or, 3x = 24
1 or, x = 8 days
 A’s 1 day’s work = and
45 Hence, the work was completed in 8 days.
7.  A, B and C do the piece of work in 24
1 days, 36 days and 48 days respectively.
B’s 1 day’s work =
40 1
 A’s, B’s and C’s 1 day’s work will be ,
1 1  45  40  24
 (A + B) ’s 1 day’s work =  = 
40 45  45  40  1 1
and respectively.
Let after x days A left the work. Therefore, A 36 48
and B together worked for x days.  Work done by all the three together in 4
 85x  days
 (A + B) ’s x days’ work =  
 45  40   1 1 1  13 13
Again, B works alone for 23 days. = 4     4 
 24 36 48  144 36
Time and Work 419

Again, in last 3 days, work done by B 9. Let the work is completed in x days.
1 1 According to the question,
= 3  A worked for 2 days.
36 12
B worked together for (x – 3) days.
13 1 20 5
 remaining work = 1     C worked for all x days.
36 12 36 9  A completes the work in 10 days.
Now, according t o t he quest ion, t his
remaining work is done by A and B. 1
 The work done by A in 1 day =
 1 1  5 10
(A + B)’s 1 day’s work =   
 24 36  72
2 1
5  The work done by A in 2 days = 
 of the work is done by (A + B) in 1 day. 10 5
72
5 1
 of t he work is done by (A + B) in Similarly, the work done by B in 1 day =
9 12
 The work done by B in (x – 3) days =
 72 5 
    8 days.
 5 9   x 3 1
  and the work done by C in 1 day =
Hence, total time taken to finish the work  12  15
= (4 + 3 + 8) = 15 days.
Alternative Method: x
 The work done by C in x days =
Let the work be finish in x days. 15
 Working time for A = (x – 3) days But the total work done is 1
Working time for B = x days
Working time for C = 4 days 1 x 3 x
   1
 Work done by them 5 12 15
(x  3) x x 12  5 (x  3)  4x
  1 1
24 36 48 or,
60
or, 6(x – 3) + 4x + 12 = 144

K KUNDAN
or, 10x = 150 or, 12 + 5x – 15 + 4x = 60
 x = 15 or, 9x = 63
Hence, total time taken to finish the work is 63
15 days.  x = = 7 days.
9
8.  A can complete the work in 9 days.
1 1
 A’s 1 day’s work = 10. (A + B)’s 1 day’s work =
9 8
 B can complete the work in 10 days.
1
1 (B + C)’s 1 day’s work = and
 B’s 1 day’s work = 12
10
 C can complete the work in 15 days. 1
(C + A)’s 1 day’s work =
1 15
 C’s 1 day’s work =
15 On adding all the three, we have
B and C worked for 2 days 1 1 1
 (B + C)’s 1 day’s work 2 (A + B + C)’s 1 day’s work =  
8 12 15
 1 1   3 2 1
=     15  10  8 33 11
 10 15   30  6 =  
120 120 40
1 1
 (B + C)’s 2 day’s work = 2   11 11
6 3  (A + B + C)’s 1 day’s work = 
40  2 80
 1 2  C’s 1 day’s work
Remaining work = 1    = (A + B + C)’s 1 day’s work –
 3 3
(A+B)’s 1 day’s work
1
Now, A does of the work in 1 day. 11 1 11  10 1
9 =   
80 8 80 80
2 2  C alone can finish the work in 80 days.
 A does of the work in  9 = 6 days.
3 3
420 Concept of Arithmetic

11. Let there be x persons in the beginning. 15. There is provision for food for 32 days in the
Now, x persons complete the work in 100 fort for some soldiers.
days and (x – 10) persons complete the work Let the number of soldiers be x initially.
in 110 days. After 4 days 150 more soldiers arrived.
Here there are two quantities person and day.  Now food is available for x soldiers for
Both are inversely proportional to each other. (32 – 4 =) 28 days.
ie less person, more days. But , due to ar rival of 150 soldier s, f ood
 x : (x – 10) :: 110 : 100 finished in 21 days only.
or, (x × 100) = (x – 10) × 110 Now the above question can be summarised
as “A fort is provisioned for 32 days for x
x 110
or,  soldiers and for 21 days for (x + 150) soldiers.
x  10 100 Find the value of x.”
or, 110x – 1100 = 100x Here there are two quantities: Soldiers and
or, 10x = 1100 Days.
Here inverse relation exists between number
1100
 x = = 110 of soldier s and number of days as when
10 number of soldiers increases, number of days
Hence, there were 110 persons originally. decreases.
12. Harir am is thrice as good a workman as
Kamal.
 Ratio of time taken by Hariram and Kamal
= 1 : 3
If difference of time is 2 days, Kamal takes 3 Hence,
days. 21 : 28 :: x : x + 150
If difference of time is 10 days, Kamal takes or, 21(x + 150) = 28x

3  x 21
 10  = 15 days. or, 
2  x  150 28
13. Let the time taken by B alone to complete the or, 28x = 21(x + 150)

K KUNDAN
work be 2x days. Since A is twice as good a or, 7x = 3150
workman as B, then time taken by A alone to 3150
complete the work = x days. or, x = = 450
7
Now,
Thus, t here were 450 soldiers in t he fort
1 initially.
Work done by A in 1 day =
x 16. Time taken by A to complete the work = 25 days.
Time taken by B to complete the work = 20 days.
1 Time taken by C to complete the work = 24 days.
Work done by B in 1 day =
2x A works for (3 + 2 =) 5 days.
Work done by (A + B) in 1 day 1 1
1 1   2 1  3  A’s 5 days’ work = 5 
=     25 5
 x 2x   2x  2x B works for 2 days.
3 1 2 1
Clearly,  
2x 14  B’s 2 days’ work =
20 10
or, 2x = 42
 3  68
42 C works for  2  8  3  days = days
 x = = 21  5  5
2
Hence, A alone can complete the work in 21 68 68 17
 C’s days’ work = 
days. 5 5  24 30
14. Suppose 4 persons leave after x days. It means Let D complete the work in x days.
that 10 persons work for x days and (10 – 4 =)
6 persons work for (50 – x) days. Then 1
 D’s 1 day’s work =
40 days’ work done by 10 persons = x days’ x
work done by 10 persons + (50 – x) days’ work D works for 3 days.
done by 6 persons
or, 10 × 40 = 10x + 6(50 – x) 3
 D’s 3 days’ work =
or, 4x = 100 x
or, x = 25 days.
Time and Work 421

Now, according to the question, Hence,

1 1 17 3 12 : 8
   1 
5 10 30 x 140 : 210  :: 6 : x
6  3  17 3 24 : 20 
or,  1
30 x or, 12 × 140 × 24 : 8 × 210 × 20 :: 6 : x
26 3 (Compounding the ratios)
or,  1 or, 12 × 140 × 24 × x = 8 × 210 × 20 × 6
30 x
(  Product of extreme terms = Product of mean
3 26 4 2 terms)
or,  1  
x 30 30 15 8  210  20  6
or, x = = 5
15  3 45 1 12  140  24
or, x =   22
2 2 2  the required answer = 5 hours.
19. Here are t he f ollowing quantit ies :
1
Hence D alone can complete the work in 22 Compositors, Pages, Hours, Lines, Letters and
2 Days. We have to calculate number of days.
days. Following relationships exists:
17. Here there are following quantities : Persons, More compositors, less days (Inverse)
Length, Width, Depth, Days and Hours and More pages, more days (Direct)
we have to find the number of days. Less hours, more days (Inverse)
Let the number of days be x. Less lines, less days (Direct)
Relat ionships bet ween days and ot her More letters, more days (Direct)
quantities exist as given below: Clearly,
More persons, less days (Inverse)
More length, more days (Direct)
More width, more days (Direct)
More depth, more days (Direct)
Hence,

K KUNDAN
Less hours, more days (Inverse)

10 : 5
600 : 1000 
1 
8 : 10  :: 16 : x
Hence, 2
80 : 64 60 : 45 
8 : 12 40 : 50 

50 : 75  :: 5 : x
or, 10 × 600 × 8 × 60 × 40 :
2 : 4
 21
2 : 3
5 × 1000 × × 45 × 50 :: 16 : x
or, 80 × 8 × 50 × 2 × 2 : 64 × 12 × 75 × 4 × 3 :: 5 : x 2
(Compounding the ratios) (Compounding the ratios)
or, 80 × 8 × 50 × 2 × 2 × x = 64 × 12 × 75 × 4 × 3 × 5
(  Product of extreme terms = Product of mean or, 10 × 600 × 8 × 60 × 40 × x
terms)
21
64  12  75  4  3  5 = 5 × 1000 × × 45 × 50 × 16
2
or, x = = 27 days
80  8  50  2  2 (  Product of extreme terms = Product of mean
18. Here there are four quantities : Men, Days, terms)
Months and Hours. We have to calculate 5  1000  21  45  50  16
number of hours. x=
10  600  8  60  40  2
Following relationships exist:
Less men, more hours (Inverse) 37800 37800
More days, less hours (Inverse) = = = 16.40
48  48 2304
More months, less hours (Inverse)  required number of days = 16.40 days.
Clearly, 2 0 . 3 boys = 2 men
2
 75 boys =  75 = 50 men
3
 1 work is finished in 24 days by 50 men
422 Concept of Arithmetic

 1 work is finished in 1 day by 50 × 24 men

1 : 2
50  24 
8 : 6 :: 12 : x
 1 work is finished in 20 days by
20 57 : 85 .5 
men
or, 1 × 8 × 57 : 2 × 6 × 85.5 :: 12 : x
 2 wor ks are f inished in 20 days by
(Compounding the ratios)
50  24  2  1 × 8 × 57 × x = 2 × 6 × 85.5 × 12
= 120 men.
20 (  Product of extreme terms = Product of mean
Alternative Method: terms)
From the above we know that 75 boys = 50 2  6  85 .5  12
men or, x = = 27 days.
1  8  57
Here, there are three quantities : Days, Work
and Men. We have to calculate the number of 2 2 . A can do a piece of work in 30 days.
men. 1
Here following relationships exist:  A’s 1 day’s work =
30
Less days, more men (Inverse)
More work, more men (Direct) (B + C) can do the same work in 20 days.
Clearly, 1
 (B + C)’s 1 day’s work =
20

2
(A + B) can do of the work in 12 days.
Hence, 3
 (A + B) can do the whole of the work in
20 : 24
 :: 50 : x 12  3
1 : 2 = 18 days.
2
or, 20 × 1 : 24 × 2 :: 50 : x
(Compounding the ratios) 1

K KUNDAN
or, 20 × 1 × x = 24 × 2 × 50  (A + B)’s 1 day’s work =
18
(  Product of extreme terms = Product of mean B’s 1 day’s work
terms) = (A + B)’s 1 day’s work – A’s 1 day’s work
24  2  50  1 1  2 1
x= = 120 =    
20  18 30  90 45
 required answer = 120 men.  B can complete the work in 45 days.
1 C’s 1 day’s work
21. 1 hour work of 2 men of first group = 1 hours = (B + C)’s 1 day’s work – B’s 1 day’s work
2
work of 3 men of second group 1 1 1
=  
1 hour work of 2 men of first group = 1 hour 20 45 36
work of 4.5 men of second group  C can complete the work in 36 days.
( if 3 men do a work in 1.5 hours, it will be
completed in 1 hour by 3 × 1.5 = 4.5 men)  2 1
 2 men of first group = 4.5 men of second Remaining work = 1   
 3 3
group
 C can do the whole of the work in 36 days.
or, 4 men of first group = 9 men of the second
group 1  1 
 C can do of the work in  36    12
9 3  3 
or, 38 men of the first group = 38  = 85.5
4 days.
men of the second group 23. Let B alone can do the work in x days.
 the problem has changed as follows
1
 1 day’s work of B =
x

3
Here, following relationships exist: A finishes of the work in 12 days.
10
(i) more work, more days (Direct)
(ii) more hours per day, less days (Inverse) 1 3 1
 1 day’s work of A =  
(iii) less men, more days (Inverse) 12 10 40
Time and Work 423

3 7 6 6
Remaining work = 1   or, 6 men = = 9 boys
10 10 4
 6 men + 11 boys = 9 boys + 11 boys = 20 boys
1 1
 1 day’s work of A and B =   6 boys complete a work in 20 days.
x 40  1 boy complete a work in (20 × 6) days.
As A and B finished the remaining work in 7  20 boys complet e the same wor k in
days, the work done by them in 7 days
 20  6 
   6 days.
1 1   20 
= 7  
 x 40  26.  4 men = 8 boys
1 1  7 8 
or, 7    1 man =    2 boys
 x 40  10 4 
1 1 1 3 men + 4 boys = (3 × 2) boys + 4 boys = 10 boys
or,   Here, we have three quantities: Boys, Work
x 40 10
and Days. We have to calculate number of
1 1 1 4 1 3 days. Here following relationships exist:
or,     More boys, less days (Inverse)
x 10 40 40 40
More work, more days (Direct)
1 Clearly,
or, x = 13
3
1
 B alone can do the work in 13 days.
3 Hence,
24. Here t here ar e the following quantities :
Persons, Hours, Work and Days. We have to 10 : 8
:: 15 : x
calculat e number of days. Following 1 : 3

K KUNDAN
relationships exist: or, 10 × 1 : 8 × 3 :: 15 : x
Less persons, more days (Inverse) (Compounding the ratios)
Less hours, more days (Inverse) or, 10 × 1 × x : 8 × 3 × 15
More work, more days (Direct) (  Product of extreme terms = Product of mean
Clearly,
terms)
8  3  15
 x = = 36
10
Hence,  required answer = 36 days.
27. 1 man = 3 boys

14 : 15  2 women = 3 boys

6 : 8  :: 21 : x 3
3  1 woman = boys
1 : 2
2 
 1 man + 1 woman + 1 boy
3
or, 14 × 6 × 1 : 15 × 8 × :: 21 : x 3
2 = 3 boys + boys + 1 boy
2
(Compounding the ratios)
11
3 = boys
or, 14 × 6 × 1 × x = 15 × 8 × × 21 2
2
(  Product of extreme terms = Product of mean
 3 boys complete the work in 44 days.
 1 boy complete the work in (44 × 3) days
terms)
11  44  3  2 
15  8  3  21  boys complete the work in  
 x = = 45 2  11 
14  6  2
24 days.
Hence required answer = 45 days.
28.  The work is completed by 16 men in 8
25. 4 men = 6 boys
hours
6 The work is completed in 1 hour by (16 × 8)
or, 1 man = boys men.
4
424 Concept of Arithmetic

In the same manner,

60
 The work is completed by 12 boys in 24 The whole work is done by A and C = days
hours. 7
 The work is completed in 1 hour by
 2 7 1
(12 × 24) boys.  In the first 2 days    of the work
 (16 × 8) men = (12 × 24) boys  15 60  4
is done.
16  8 4
or, 1 boy = man = man
12  24 9  1  3
 In 6 days   6  of the work is done.
 2 4  4
4 40
Now, 8 men + 12 boys = 8  12   men
9 3  3 1
 Remaining work = 1    of the work.
 4 4
4
and 40 men + 45 boys = 40  45   60 men
9 1 2 7
In 1 day A and B do the work =  
4 15 60
40
 men do 1 work in 12 days Now, we have (A + C)’s turn to work.
3
7
 40  A and C together do of the work in 1 day.
 1 man do 1 work in 12   days and 60
 3  Total time = 6 + 1 + 1 = 8 days.
31. 3 men + 5 women can do the work in 8 days
 12  40 
 60 men do 1 work in   days.  24 men + 40 women can do the work in 1
 60  3  day
Again 2 men + 7 children can do the work in
 12  40  3 
 60 men do 3 work in    8 days 12 days
 3  60  24 men + 84 children can do the work in 1
 The required time is 8 days. day
29. Let x boys assist one man and one woman to Hence, 24 men + 40 women = 24 men + 84

K KUNDAN
complete the work in 1 day. children
or, 40 women = 84 children
1
Part of the work done by the man in 1 day = or, 10 women = 21 children.
3 32.  In 16 days a piece of work is done by
Part of the work done by the woman in 1 day (2 men + 7 children)
1  In 1 day the same piece of work is done by
= 16(2 men + 7 children)
4
 In 12 days a piece of work is done by
x (3 men + 8 children)
Part of the work done by x boys in 1 day =  In 1 day the same piece of work is done by
12
12(3 men + 8 children)
1 1 x  16(2 men + 7 children) = 12(3 men + 8
and,   1 children)
3 4 12
or, 32 men + 112 children = 36 men + 96
x 1 1  7  5 childr en
or,  1      1  
12  3 4   12  12 or, 4 men = 16 children
 1 man = 4 children
x= 5
Now,
 number of boys = 5
2 men + 7 children = 8 children + 7 children
30. According to the question, on the first day A
= 15 children
and B together do the work whereas on the
8 men + 8 children = 32 children + 8 children
second day A and C together do the work.
= 40 children
 1 1  4 2  15 children complete a piece of work in
1 day’s work of A and B =    
 10 30  30 15 16 days.
 1 child completes the same piece of work
15 in (16 × 15) days.
The whole work is done by A and B = days  40 children complete the same piece of work
2
 16  15 
 1 1  7 in   days.
1 day’s work of A and C =     40 
 10 60  60
Time and Work 425

 40 children complete the twice of the work  A’s 1 day’s work

= (A + B)’s 1 day’s work – B’s 1 day’s work
 16  15  2 
in   days = 12 days. 1 1 32 1
 40    
=
Alternative Method: 30 45 90 90
Here, we have three quantities : Children,  A alone can finish the work in 90 days.
Work and Days. We have to calculate the
1
number of days. Here, following relationships 34. X’s 1 day’s work =
exist: 8
More children, less days (Inverse) 1
More work, more days (Direct) Y’s 1 day’s work =
12
Clearly,
1
Z’s 1 day’s work =
16
 X works for 2 days.
Hence, 1  1
 X’s 2 days’ work =   2  
40 : 15
:: 16 : x 8  4
1 : 2  According to the question,
or, 40 × 1 : 15 × 2 :: 16 : x 25% of the work will be completed by Z.
(Compounding the ratios)
or, 40 × 1 × x = 15 × 2 × 16 25 1
Therefore, Z does  of the work.
(  Product of extreme terms = Product of mean 100 4
terms) 1
15  2  16  Z does of the work in 1 day.
16
 x = = 12
40
1  1
 required answer = 12 days.  Z does of the work in 16   = 4 days.
4  4

K KUNDAN
1 Let Y work for x days.
33. (A + B)’s 1 day’s work =
30
1
1 1  Y’s 1 day’s work =
(A + B)’s 10 days’ work = 10   12
30 3
1 2 x
Remaining work = 1    Y’s x days’ work =
3 3 12
Now, Again, since the whole work is 1.

2 1 x 1
   1
 (A + B + C)’s 10 days’ work = 4 12 4
3
x 1 1  1 1
2 1 or,  1      1   
 (A + B + C)’s 1 day’s work =  12 4 4  2 2
3  10 15
 C’s 1 day’s work= (A + B + C)’s 1 day’s 12  1
x = = 6
work – (A + B)’s 1 day’s 2
work Hence Y works for 6 days.
1 1 2 1 1  Total number of days in which work is
=    completed 2 + 6 + 4 = 12 days.
15 30 30 30
35. Let A, B and C’s daily work be x, y and z.
 C alone can finish the work in 30 days. Since A and B completes the work in 12 days,
Now, it is given that C does as much work in
2 days as B does in 3 days. 1
A and B’s one day’s work = x + y =
 The work which C does in 30 days, will be 12
 3  1
done by B in  30    45 days. x= y
 2  12
 B alone will finish the work in 45 days. Similarly, both B and C can complete the work
1 2 20
 B’s 1 day’s work = in 6 days = days
45 3 3
426 Concept of Arithmetic

Time taken by 8 women to complete the work

3
 B and C’s one day’s work = y + z = 3
20
= day
4
3
z = y Time taken by 18 children to complete the
20 wor k
Also, 3x + 4y + 7z = 1
Substituting the above value of x and y, we 1
= day
get 2
Now,
 1   3 
3  y   4y  7 y 1 Time taken by 1 man to complete the work
 12   20  = 3 days
The time taken by 1 woman to complete the
3 ( 1  12y) 7 ( 3  20y)
or,  4y  1 wor k
12 20
3
( 1  12y) 21  140y =  8 = 6 days
or,  4y  1 4
4 20
1
5  60y  80y  21  140y Work completed by 1 woman in one day =
or, 1 6
20 Work completed by 3 women in one day
or, 26 – 120y = 20
or, 120y = 6 3 1
= =
6 2
1
y = Time taken by 1 child to complete the work
20
1
Putting this value of y in the equation given =  18 = 9 days
above 2

1 1

K KUNDAN
or, x = y Work completed by 1 child in 1 day =
12 9
Work completed by 3 children in 1 day
1 1
or, x = 
12 20 3 1
= 
9 3
53
or, x = So, work completed by 3 women and 3 children
60
1 1 5
2 1 in one day =  
or, x =  2 3 6
60 30
5 1
Similarly, Work to be completed = 1  
6 6
3
z = y
20 1
 The time taken by 1 men to complete
6
3 1
or, z = 
20 20 1 1
work = 3  day
6 2
2 1
or, z =  So, 1 man should be hired for one day.
20 10 37. Let the number of bricks in the wall be x.
Part of the wall built by both in one hour will
1 1
A, B and C’s one day’s work is , and be
30 20
1 1 19
1 =  
respectively. 9 10 90
10  time taken to complete the wall when both
 A, B and C can complete the work in 30,
20 and 10 days respectively. 90
are working will be = hour
36. From the question, 19
Time taken by 3 men to complete the work
= 1 day
Time and Work 427

According to the question, Hence,

90 1 3
Both will take hours to fix x numbers of :
19 4 4  :: 68 : x
bricks. 

19 85 : 60 
So, number of bricks fixed in one hour = x
90
1 3
But they will fix x number of bricks in 5 hours. or, × 85 : × 60 :: 68 : x
4 4
x (Compounding the ratios)
Bricks fixed in 1 hour will be
5
1 3
Since when both are working together, they or, × 85 × x = × 60 × 68
both fix 10 bricks less 4 4
(  Product of extreme terms = Product of mean
19x x
  10 terms)
90 5
3  60  68  4
19x  18x  x = = 144
 10 85  4
or,
90 Again, from the question,
or, x = 900 Since all the women and 50 children were
The number of bricks in the wall is 900. dismissed, hence the number of woman = 0
38.  5 women = 3 men and the number of children = (75 – 50 =) 25
Now,
3
 1 woman = man  2
5
20 men + 25 children =  20  25   = 30 men
 3 children = 2 women  5
 Number of additional men = (144 – 30)
2
 1 child = woman = 114 men.

K KUNDAN
3 39. According to the question,
2 3 2 1
=   man Work done by A in first hour =
3 5 5 12
 20 men + 30 women + 75 children
1
 3 2 Work done by B in second hour =
15
=  20  30   75   men
 5 5  Work done in two hours
= 20 + 18 + 30 = 68 men 1 1 54 3
According to the question,  =  
12 15 60 20
1 or, Work done by (A + B) in 12 hours
Time required for of the work = 60 days.
4
3 12 9
 = 
 1 3 20 2 10
 Remaining work = 1    of the work. Now, in 13th hour, it is the turn of A
 4 4
Now, number of days required for the rest of or, Work done in 13 hours
the work = (150 – 60) – 5 = 85 days. 9 1 54  5 59
Here we have three quantities: Work, Day,  = 
10 12 60 60
and Men. We have to calculate number of men.
or, Remaining work after 13 hours
Here following relationships exist:
More work, more men (Direct) 59 1
More days, less men (Inverse) = 1 
60 60
Clearly,
1
or, Time taken by B to do work
60

1 1 15 1
=    hour = 15 minutes
1 60 60 4
15
428 Concept of Arithmetic

 Total time taken to complete the whole work 42. Let A and B together complete the work in x
= 13 hours + 15 minutes days.
Hence, mowing will be completed at
1
5 am + 13:15 hours = 18:15 hours  (A + B)’s 1 day’s work =
= 6:15 pm x
40. Let A alone complete the work in x days. According to the question,
 C alone will take 2x days to complete it.
1
Let B alone complete the work in y days. C’s 1 day’s work =
According to the question, 3x
Again, let (A + C) complete the work in y days.
1 1 1
  ......(i) and 1
x y 12
 (A + C)’s 1 day’s work = y
1 1 1
  ......(ii) 1
y 2x 15
B’s 1 day’s work = 4y
Subtracting equation (ii) from (i),
1 1 1 1 1 1
   Now, A + B = and B = 4y
x 2x 12 15 x

2 1 5  4 1 1
or,   A’s 1 day’s work = x  4y ......(i)
2x 60

1 1 1 1
or, 
2x 60 A + C = y and C =
3x
60 1 1
or, x = = 30
2  A’s 1 day’s work = y  3x ......(ii)
From equation (i),

K KUNDAN
From equations (i) and (ii),
1 1 1
  1 1 1 1
30 y 12   
x 4y y 3x
1 1 1 52 3 1
or, y  12  30  60  60  20 1

1

1

1
or, x 3x 4y y
 B alone will complete the work in 20 days.
41. Here, there are three quantities: Days, Work 4 5
and Men. or, 
3x 4y
Following relationship exists:
Less days, more men (Inverse) or, 16y = 15x ......(iii)
Less work, less man (Direct) 1 1 16
Now, (A + C)’s 1 day’s work =   ;
y 15 x 15 x
16

1
(A + B)’s 1 day’s work = and
x
Where x = number of men 1 1
9 : 36  (B + C)’s 1 day’s work = 4y  3x

 :: 15 : x
1 1 1 1 4 1 9
: =    
2 2  15 x 3x 15 x 3x 15 x
4
1 1 16
or, 9 × × x = 36 × × 15 Now, adding to above three,
2 2
2(A + B + C)’s 1 day’s work
36  15
or, x = = 60 16 1 9 40 8
9 =    
15 x x 15 x 15 x 3x
 Number of additional men = (60 – 15 =) 45.
Time and Work 429

 (A + B + C)’s 1 day’s work

1 1 54
43. Work of A and B for first 2 days  
8 1 4 8 10 40
=  
3x 2 3x
9
Again, according to the question, = of the whole of the work.
40
1
(A + B + C)’s 1 day’s work = 8 9 9
12 Work of A and B for 8 days =   of
2 40 10
4 1 the whole of the work.
 
3x 12 9 1
Remaining work after 8 days = 1   of
or, 3x = 4 × 12 10 10
4  12 the whole of the work.
 x = = 16 Since both A and B work alternately one day
3
each, with A beginning the work. It is the
From equation (iii), turn of A for ninth day.
16y = 15x
or, 16y = 15 × 16 1
 of the whole of the work is completed
15  16 8
y = = 15 by A in 1 day.
16
1
1 1  Remaining of t he wor k will be
 A’s 1 day’s work = x  4y 10

 8  4
1 1 1 1 15  4 11 completed by A in   day.
=       10  5
6 4  15 16 60 240 240
Hence the required time to complete the work
240 4  4
 A alone will complete the work in 
= 8   8

K KUNDAN
11 days.
 5  5
days.