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A standard type series is: 5.5, 6, 7, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5, 10, 11, 12, 14, 18, 24, 30,
36, 48, 60, 72, 96, 108
Classification of Typefaces
• There are several systems for classification of
typefaces, but the various systems have
elements in common
• All such schemes, for example, recognize
roman types as a major category
• All such schemes also have a special category
called miscellaneous for typefaces that do not
fall in some other category
Attributes of Typefaces
In order to classify
typefaces, we need
some system like
taxonomy as in
biology.
On the right hand
side you can see
some common
attributes.
Classification of Typefaces
– Roman/ Serif
– Egyptian
– Sans Serif
– Script
– Dingbats/ Symbols
– Black Letters
– Fantasy
– Miscellaneous
Category I: Roman Typefaces
• Roman typefaces get their name from the fact
that their designs are based on letterforms
used in ancient Rome, about 2,000 years ago.
• Their most distinguishing characteristic is the
fine cross-stroke at the end of each main
stroke, called a serif.
The Pantheon (118-128) in Rome, dedicated to
the 12 Olympian gods. Note the typeface on the plinth.
Another view of the Pantheon. Note the serifs. Also
note that there are no lowercase characters.
Example of a Roman Typeface
• This is Times New Roman, a typical roman
typeface
• It appears in many computer programs
• It is based on a typeface designed for the Times
daily newspaper, in London, more than 100
years ago
Classification of Roman Typefaces
• Most typographers, including Craig, divide the
roman typefaces into three categories
• The three categories are oldstyle, transitional
and modern
• The next slide is an illustration of an oldstyle
roman typeface
Old Style Roman Type
• Old style roman typefaces date from the late
15th century, more than 500 years ago
• They are characterized by rounded serifs,
oblique stress, and low contrast
Example: Garamond
• Garamond is an old style typeface originally
credited to French typographer Claude
Garamond, who died in 1561
• Note the low contrast, small counters, and
oblique stress
• The letterforms are open and round, making the
typeface very readable
• One peculiar characteristic is that the capital
letters are shorter than the ascenders
Blow froggie
Example of Garamond illustrating
that the capital “B” is shorter than
the lowercase “l”.
Toy Garamond: Note the rounded
serifs and gradual curves
between the main strokes and
the serifs; also note stress.
Transitional Roman Type
Toy
Note that the serifs are
like slabs.
Category III: Sans Serif Typefaces
If you can adjust the leading, make it about 1.25 times the type size (in most
cases). If you can adjust the leading, make it about 1.25 times the type size (in
most cases). If you can adjust the leading, make it about 1.25 times the type
size (in most cases).
If you can adjust the leading, make it about 1.25 times the type size (in most
cases). If you can adjust the leading, make it about 1.25 times the type size (in
most cases). If you can adjust the leading, make it about 1.25 times the type
size (in most cases).
Rule 6
• Don’t use drop shadows on text.
Rule 7
Widows and Orphans
A widow is a short line or
single word at the end of
a paragraph. An orphan is
a word or short line at
the beginning or end of a
column that is separated
from the rest of the
paragraph. Widows and
Orphans create awkward
rags, interrupt the
reader’s eye and affect
readability.
Rule 8
• Don't use short justified lines unless you're
prepared to spend time hyphenating words to
remove rivers and lakes of white space.
Rule 9
• Don't put too much text on a page. Let there
be pleasant margins.
Rule 10
Resist the
urge to set
lines on
angles.
Unless
you're an
excellent
designer,
these tricks
seldom
work.
Rule 11
Just because your computer can do something
doesn't mean you should!
Rule 12
Provide at least
3/8" white space
around the page.
Your copier or
printer may need
this space for
mechanical
reasons.
Rule 13
Don't use full lines of uppercase type, especially
if you are using text or script type or an italic
family member.
DON'T USE FULL LINES OF UPPERCASE TYPE, ESPECIALLY IF YOU ARE USING
TEXT OR SCRIPT TYPE OR AN ITALIC FAMILY MEMBER.
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