NATURALLY TREATING WATER

Technology Chapter

Manganese - is a common mineral that appears in the underground water. In areas that are
rich with manganese the concentration in the ground water is around 95 PPM. Allowable
concentration for drinking is 0.5 PPM.

Chemistry of manganese in water

Manganese can exist in six oxidation states 0,+2, +3, +4, +6 & +7.
At low pH the Manganese appears as (Mn(H2O)6)++ in which it can not go through
Oxidation process.
At high pH the Manganese appears as Mn(OH2) in which it can go through Oxidation
process.
The Oxidation process starts from Mn(OH2) and ends up as MnO, MnO2, MnO3 & Mn2O3
as a solid compound. The Manganese solid compound is heavier than water and therefore
has the potential to sink.
Oxidation processes are carried out in a "quantum" way - so first the oxidation process that
requires less energy will be commenced and only then the process of oxidation that requires
higher energy will begin.
In the water, ions of Iron (Ferom) behave the same as ions of manganese. However the
energy required for the oxidation of iron is lower than the energy required for the oxidation
of manganese therefore, there is a need to complete the process of oxidation of iron and
only then begins the process of oxidation of manganese.

Conventional methods to remove manganese from water

There are three families of processes:

o Chemical processes
o Physical processes
o Biological processes - is not included in this discussion

Combination of chemical processes and physical processes is a common practice as well.

Chemical processes

# Process % of removal
1 Oxidation by introducing air into the water 0-60
2 Oxidation by adding chemicals to the water 20-100
such as CL2 ,O2 & O3

Physical processes

# Process % of removal
1 Cation exchanger 60-100
2 RO 60-100
3 Ultra filtration 60-90

Industrial Park – Omer, Israel, 29 Omerim St. P.O.B. 3006, Area Code 84965
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 NATURALLY TREATING WATER

Combination of chemical processes and physical processes

# Process % of removal
1 Coagulation by Chemical additives & 20-100
filtration or sedimentation
2 Rising the PH + filtration or sedimentation 70-100
3 Green Sand filtration 20-90

Oxidation by adding chemicals to the water such as CL2 ,O2 & O3

Step one is to rising the PH by adding Lime to PH at lest 10.

# Chemical Reaction Chemical addition

1 Mn++ + 2O3 + 4H2O = 2 MnO(OH)2 (s) +2O2 +2H+ Ozone addition
2 Mn++ + O2(g) + 2H2O = 2 MnO2 (s) +4H+ Oxygen addition
3 Mn++ + CL2+ 2H2O = MnO2 (s) + 2 CL- (aq) +4H+ The addition of chlorine

Evaluation of Physical processes

# Process Practical use

1 Cation exchanger Not practical to use - adsorption will quickly come
to Inefficiency
2 RO Not practical to use – the Fe & the Mn will bloke
3 Ultra filtration the system

Industrial Park – Omer, Israel, 29 Omerim St. P.O.B. 3006, Area Code 84965
‫מיקוד‬ 3006. ‫ת ד‬
.‫עומרים‬
, 29 ‫רח‬
‫ישראל‬
' , ‫התעשיה‬
‫עומר‬
, ‫פארק‬
–
www.uet.co.il E-mail: uet@uet.co.il FAX:
+ 972-8-6909176
‫פקס‬
: TEL:
+ 972-8-6494889‫טל‬
: