M.E.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
SIGMA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
BAKROL, VADODARA

Advance Power System Protection and Switch Gear (2710707)

EXPERIMENT: DATE:
AIM: PERFORM CHARACTERISTIC OF DIRECTIONAL RELAY

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
After performing this experiment, one should able to :
 Know the Direction Relay application

APPARATUS:
Directional Relay panel

RATIONALE:
We know the various protection scheme of alternator (generator). When the prime movers
fail to run the alternator at that time alternator runs as a synchronous induction generator. It
draws the power from the bus bar rather than supplying the busbar. To avoid this phenomena
reverse power relay is used.

You know that active power flowing through a part of an electric circuit is given by P = V I
cos and the reactive circuit power Q = V I sin , cos is positive when is between 270 to 90
,hence P is positive, cos is zero when =90 or 180,hence P=0, cos is negative when is
between 90 to 270 ,hence P is negative,

Therefore the power flow can be sensed by the magnitude & sign of V I cos . The voltage
coil of relay is supply from secondary of P.T. (terminal no. 7 & 8). The current coil of relay
is supply from secondary of C.T. (terminal no. 9 & 10). The directional power relays,
directional over current relay and directional earth fault relays come under the group
directional relay. The construction of reverse power relay is induction disc type. Under
healthy condition or under fault condition when the direction current flow is normal, the
relay doesn’t operate. As the direction of current revere, the torque produce by the relay is
positive, hence induction disc rotate there by close the moving and fixed contacts. The relay
gives trip signal to the trip circuit which actuates the circuit breaker. Fig.1 shows the circuit
diagram and fig.2 shows the typical external & internal connection of a relay.

Prepared By: B.R.Prajapati

 Fig.2

Prepared By: B.R.Prajapati

PROCEDURE:

• Connect contactor, which works as a circuit breaker as shown in circuit diagram.

• Also connect C.T., P.T. & knife switch as shown in circuit diagram.
• Make cross connection of knife switch put knife switch in ‘OFF’ position.
• Set the load i.e. 5A says.
• Switch ‘ON’ the supply.
• Switch ‘ON’ the knife.
• Observe the action of relay i.e. see the position of flag & note down the reading of current
& time.
• Switch ‘OFF’ the supply.
• Reset flag of relay & knife switch to normal condition.
• Repeat the procedure again for another load position say 7.5Amp, 10Amp etc.

CONCLUSION:

Prepared By: B.R.Prajapati