THE STRUCTURE OF PARAGRAPH

To Complete English Class Assignment

Guided by Miss. PRIMA PURBASARI, M.Hum

By :

NAWAL ULFA SAFIRA (16660010)

RAINJALIN PRAJAKUSUMA (16660017)
QORRI AINI FATHAN (16660019)
QURROTA AYUN (16660113)

ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MAULANA MALIK IBRAHIM MALANG

SCIENCE AND TECNOLOGY FACULTY
ARCHITECTURAL ENGGINEERING

MALANG

2018
A. THE MEANING OF PARAGRAPH

Paragraph is a short part of text, consisting of at least one sentence and

beginning on a new line. It usually deals with a single even and description.
Paragraphs can be of varying lengths, but they must present a coherent
argument unified under a single topic.

Paragraphs are hardly ever longer than one page, doublespaced and
usually are much shorter. Lengthy paragraphs usually indicate a lack of
structure. Identify the main ideas in the paragraph to see if they make more
sense as separate topics in separate paragraphs. Shorter paragraphs usually
indicate a lack of substance, you don’t have enough evidence or analysis to
prove your point. Develop your idea or integrate the idea into another
paragraph.

B. THE STRUCTURE OF PARAGRAPH

The structure of a paragraph parallels the structure of an essay in order

as well as content. Both contain a coherent argument, supporting
evidence/analysis, and a conclusion. Specifically, the contents of a paragraph
are as follows:

1. The Topic Sentence serves two functions: first, it functions as the thesis
of your paragraph; second, it pushes the thesis of your essay forward and
presents an arguable point. The topic sentence is usually the first or second
sentence of a paragraph. Occasionally, you may find it interesting or
necessary to place the topic sentence at the end of the paragraph, but don’t
make a habit of it!
2. Supporting Evidence/Analysis/Body makes your claim digestible. You
need to find a balance between evidence you provide (facts, quotations,
summary of events/plot, etc.) and analysis (interpretation of evidence). If
 your paragraph is evidence-heavy, you haven’t presented an argument; if
it is analysis-heavy, you haven’t adequately supported your claim.
3. The Concluding Observation closes your paragraph with an observation
that is more than just summary of the contents of the paragraph. The
concluding observation provides a final idea that leads to the next step in
your argument. The observation is usually the last or second-to-last
sentence in the paragraph.

C. EXAMPLE ON A TEXT
The House For Contemporary Art

The House for Contemporary Art is a standout design that emerges

from the outskirts of Tokyo, Japan to present something not often seen in
residential architecture. A quick glance at the stark, seamless, white
exterior provides instant understanding of what the designer set out to
achieve: a house that is a museum but is actually still a home.

From a distance the single-story structure looks like pieces of smooth,

white foam core of various lengths were super-glued together by an
ambitious architecture student. The rectilinear shapes represent a pureness
in form that harkens back to the heyday of Richard Meier and Peter
Eisenman. Turn the corner and a bit of articulation greets you in the form
of a recessed entry door and a rather large garage opening. The rest of the
home opens back towards a fenced in courtyard resulting in an introverted
concept with a bizarrely absent street presence.

The volumetric boxes terminate towards the rear courtyard with floor
to ceiling, wall to wall openings of glazed panels accented by thin black
mullions. The boxes extend out past the glass with a beveled ends that
gives the profile a knife-edge thinness. Everything reinforces the motif set
in motion by the client, who truly got a house that feels like a museum.
(ArchDaily.com)
D. ANALYSING STRUCTURE OF PARAGRAPH

Paragraph Part Of Sentence

The House for Contemporary Art is a standout
design that emerges from the outskirts of
Topic
Tokyo, Japan to present something not often
seen in residential architecture.

A quick glance at the stark, seamless, white

1
exterior provides instant understanding of what
Body
the designer set out to achieve.

A house that is a museum but is actually still a

Conclusion home.

From a distance the single-story structure looks

like pieces of smooth, white foam core of
Topic
various lengths were super-glued together by an
ambitious architecture student.

The rectilinear shapes represent a pureness in

form that harkens back to the heyday of Richard
2 Body Meier and Peter Eisenman. Turn the corner and
a bit of articulation greets you in the form of a
recessed entry door and a rather large garage
opening.

The rest of the home opens back towards a

Conclusion fenced in courtyard resulting in an introverted
concept with a bizarrely absent street presence.
 The volumetric boxes terminate towards the
rear courtyard with floor to ceiling, wall to wall
Topic
openings of glazed panels accented by thin
black mullions.
The boxes extend out past the glass with a
3
Body beveled ends that gives the profile a knife-edge
thinness.
Everything reinforces the motif set in motion by
Conclusion the client, who truly got a house that feels like a
museum.

E. ANALYSING SUPPORTING SENTENCE (SS)

Supporting sentence is sentence that provide example fot the topic
sentence. For the very simple example is when the writers says,
“early childhood education progams provide cognitive benefits.”
(Topic), The second, third and fourth sentence will include information
supporting the main idea in topic sentence.
There are two supporting sentence, they are major supporting sentence
and minor supporting sentence.

Paragraph Part Of Sentence

The House for Contemporary Art is a standout
design that emerges from the outskirts of
Tokyo, Japan to present something not often
1 Topic
seen in residential architecture.
 A quick glance at the stark, seamless, white
exterior provides instant understanding of what
Major SS
the designer set out to achieve.

A house that is a museum but is actually still a

Minor SS home.

From a distance the single-story structure looks

like pieces of smooth, white foam core of
various lengths were super-glued together by an
Topic
ambitious architecture student.

The rectilinear shapes represent a pureness in

Major SS form that harkens back to the heyday of Richard
2
Meier and Peter Eisenman.
Turn the corner and a bit of articulation greets
you in the form of a recessed entry door and a
Minor SS
rather large garage opening.

The rest of the home opens back towards a

Minor SS fenced in courtyard resulting in an introverted
concept with a bizarrely absent street presence.
The volumetric boxes terminate towards the
rear courtyard with floor to ceiling, wall to wall
Topic openings of glazed panels accented by thin
3
black mullions.

Major SS The boxes extend out past the glass with a


Minor SS
F. ANALYSING MAIN IDEA AND SUPPORTING IDEA IN TOPIC
SENTENCE
Paragraph Part Of
1 Main Idea
controlling Ideas
2 Main Idea
controlling Ideas
3 Main Idea
controlling Ideas
G. VOCABULARY FROM THE TEXT
1. Stand out : Menonjol
2. Outskirt : Pinggiran Kota
beveled ends that gives the profile a knife-edge
thinness.
Everything reinforces the motif set in motion by
the client, who truly got a house that feels like a
museum.
Topic sentence
The House for Contemporary Art is a standout
design
that emerges from the outskirts of Tokyo, Japan
to present something not often seen in residential
architecture.
From a distance the single-story structure looks
like pieces of smooth, white foam core of
various lengths
were super-glued together by an ambitious
architecture student.
The volumetric boxes terminate towards the rear
courtyard with floor to ceiling,
wall to wall openings of glazed panels accented
by thin black mullions.
 3. Stark : Telanjang
4. Seamless : Mulus
5. Achieve : Mencapai
6. Rectilinear : Seperti Garis Lurus
7. Harkens : Mendengarkan
8. Heyday : Masa Kejayaan
9. Greets : Menyapa
10. Recessed : Tersembunyi
11. Introverted : Tertutup
12. Bizarrely : Dengan Aneh
13. Accented : Beraksen, Memberi Tekanan, Menekankan
14. Mullion : Tiang Jendela
15. Beveled : Miring
16. Reinforces : Memperkuat
17. Absent : Tidak Hadir
18. Presence : Kehadiran
19. Glazed : Yang Dipasang Kaca
20. Glance : Sekilas

H. STEPS TO MAKE A GOOD PARAGRAPH

1. Decide the topic of your paragraph
Before we start writing, we should know what we are going to write. We
can start with basic question for ourself, like :
 On what topic am I supposed to be writing?
 What do I know about this topic already?
 If I don’t know how to response to this assignment, where can I go
to find some answer?
 What does this assignment mean to me? How do I relate to it?
2. Develop a topic sentence
Strong paragraphs are typically about one main idea or topic, which is
often explicitly stated in a topic sentence. Good topic sentences should
should always contain both a topic and a controlling idea.

The topic – The main subject matter or idea covered in the paragraph.
The controlling idea – this idea focuses the topic by providing direction to
the composition.

3. Demonstrate your point

After stating your topic sentence, you need to provide information to
prove, illustrate, clarify, and/or exemplify your point.

Here is a list of the kinds of information you can add to your paragraph:
• Facts, details, reasons, examples
• Information from the readings or class discussions
• Paraphrases or short quotations
• Statistics, polls, percentages, data from research studies
• Personal experience, stories, anecdotes, examples from your life

Sometimes, adding transitional or introductory phrases like: for example,

for instance, first, second, or last can help guide the reader. Also, make
sure you are citing your sources appropriately.

4. Give paragraph the meaning

After you have given the reader enough information to see and
understand your point, you need to explain why this information is
relevant, meaningful, or interesting.
5. Conclude the paragraph
After illustrating your point with relevant information, add a
concluding sentence. Concluding sentences link one paragraph to the next
and provide another device for helping you ensure your paragraph is
unified. While not all paragraphs include a concluding sentence, you
should always consider whether one is appropriate. Concluding sentences
have two crucial roles in paragraph writing:

First, they draw together the information you have presented to

elaborate your controlling idea by: • Summarizing the point(s) you have
made. • Repeating words or phrases from the topic sentence. • Using
linking words that indicate that conclusions are being drawn (e.g.,
therefore, thus, resulting).

Second, they often link the current paragraph to the following paragraph.
They may anticipate the topic sentence of the next paragraph by: •
Introducing a word/phrase or new concept which will then be picked up in
the topic sentence of the next paragraph. • Using words or phrases that
point ahead (e.g., the following, another, other).

6. Look over and proofread

The last step in good paragraph writing is proofreading and revision.

Before you submit your writing, look over your work at least one more
time. Try reading your paragraph out loud to make sure it makes sense.
Also, ask yourself these questions:

• Does my paragraph answer the prompt and support my thesis?

• Does it make sense? Does it use the appropriate academic voice?

I. SUMMARY
1. Paragraph is a short part of text, consisting of at least one sentence and
beginning on a new line.
2. Paragraph has three structure, :
a. Topic Sentence
b. Supporting Evidence/Analysis/Body
c. The Concluding Observation
TILE

Introduction
Topic Sentence Thesis statement

Major Support
Minor Support Topic Sentence
Minor Support Major Support
Minor Support
Concluding Sentence Concluding Sentence

Conclusion
Concluding Sentence
3. Steps to make a good paragraph, :
a. Decide the topic of your paragraph
b. Develop a topic sentence
c. Demonstrate your point
d. Give paragraph the meaning
e. Conclude the paragraph
f. Look over and proofread

J. SOURCE
1. Ashford University Writing Center, Online Journal
2. The Long Academic Writing Section, Introducing to Academic Writing by
Alice Ochima and Ann Hogue